Posted on 06/01/2017 6:17:48 PM PDT by lasereye
The Bible describes humans as being created in the image of God—the pinnacle of His creation. In contrast, those who embrace the presupposition of naturalistic origins have put much effort and even monkey business into a propaganda crusade to claim a bestial origin for man.
The idea that humans evolved from an ape-like creature was first widely promoted by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in the early 1800s and later by Charles Darwin in his 1871 book The Descent of Man—published 12 years after his acclaimed evolutionary treatise On the Origin of Species. Thomas Huxley, a friend of Darwin, also did much to popularize this idea. Since then, the secular scientific community has promulgated the still-hypothetical idea of human evolution as an established fact.1
After the 150-plus years since Darwin’s famous publication, we still have no fossil evidence demonstrating human evolution. Darwin believed such fossils would eventually be found, but that has simply not been the case. The following quotes from evolutionists themselves accurately sum up the current state of affairs regarding the fossil record and its wholesale lack of support for human evolution.
The evolutionary events that led to the origin of the Homo lineage are an enduring puzzle in paleoanthropology, chiefly because the fossil record from between 3 million and 2 million years ago is frustratingly sparse, especially in eastern Africa.2
But with so little evidence to go on, the origin of our genus has remained as mysterious as ever.3
The origin of our own genus remains frustratingly unclear.4
The Evolution of Human-Chimp DNA Research
Although paleontological evidence has been lacking, in more recent times evidence supporting human evolution was thought to have been found in the DNA of living apes and humans. This article will evaluate the popular myth of human-chimpanzee DNA similarity along with recent research showing that a broad and unbridgeable chasm exists between the human and chimpanzee genomes.
DNA is a double-stranded molecule that under certain conditions can be denatured—i.e., “unzipped” to make it single-stranded—and then allowed to zip back up. During the initial stages of DNA science in the early 1970s, very crude and indirect techniques were utilized to unzip mixtures of human and chimpanzee DNA, which were then monitored to see how fast they would zip back up compared to unmixed samples.5 Based on these studies, it was declared that human and chimpanzee DNA was 98.5% similar. But only the most similar protein-coding regions of the genome (called single-copy DNA) were compared, which is an extremely small portion—less than 3%—of the total genome. Also, it was later discovered by an evolutionary colleague that the authors of these studies had manipulated the data to make the chimpanzee DNA appear more similar to human than it really was.6 These initial studies not only established a fraudulent gold standard of 98.5% DNA similarity between humans and chimps but also the shady practice of cherry-picking only the most similar data. The idea of nearly identical human-chimp DNA similarity was born and used to bolster the myth of human evolution, something that the lack of fossil evidence was unable to accomplish.
As DNA sequencing became more advanced, scientists were able to compare the actual order of DNA bases (nucleotides) between DNA sequences from different creatures. This was done in a process in which similar DNA segments could be directly matched up or aligned. The differences were then calculated.
Little progress was made in comparing large regions of DNA between chimpanzees and humans until the genomics revolution in the 21st century with its emphasis on developing new technologies to sequence the human genome. Between 2002 and 2005, a variety of reports was published that on the surface seemed to support the 98.5% DNA similarity myth.
However, a careful analysis of these publications reported by this author showed that the researchers were only including data on the most highly aligning sequences and omitting gaps and regions that did not align.5 Once again, we had the same old problem of cherry-picking the data that support evolution while ignoring everything else. However, at least three of these papers described the amount of non-similar data that was thrown out. When those missing data were included in the original numbers, an overall DNA similarity between humans and chimpanzees was only about 81 to 87%, depending on the paper!
Determining DNA similarity between humans and chimpanzees isn’t a trivial task. One of the main problems is that the current chimpanzee genome wasn’t constructed based on its own merits. When DNA is sequenced, it’s produced in millions of small pieces that must be “stitched” together with powerful computers.
In large mammalian genomes like the chimpanzee, this isn’t easy, especially since very few genetic resources exist to aid the effort compared to those available for the human genome project. Because of this resource issue, a limited budget, and a healthy dose of evolutionary bias, the chimpanzee genome was put together using the human genome as a guide or scaffold onto which the little DNA sequence snippets were organized and stitched together.7 Therefore, the current chimpanzee genome appears much more human-like than it really is. In fact, a recent study by this author showed that individual raw chimpanzee DNA sequences that had poor similarity to human sequences aligned very poorly (if at all) onto the chimpanzee genome that had been assembled using the human genome as a framework.8 This is a dramatic illustration that it is not an authentic representation of the actual chimpanzee genome.
Another serious problem with the chimpanzee genome is that it appears to contain significant levels of human DNA contamination. When DNA samples are prepared in the laboratory for sequencing, it’s common to have DNA from human lab workers get into the samples. Several secular studies show that many non-primate DNA sequence databases contain significant levels of human DNA.9,10
A recent study by this author shows that a little over half of the data sets used to construct the chimpanzee genome contain significantly higher levels of human DNA than the others.8 These data sets with apparent high levels of human DNA contamination were the ones utilized during the first phase of the project that led to the famous 2005 chimpanzee genome publication.11 The data sets produced after this were added on top of the ones in the initial assembly. So, not only was the chimpanzee genome assembled using the human genome as a scaffold, but research indicates that it was constructed with significant levels of contaminating human DNA. This would explain why raw unassembled chimpanzee DNA sequences are difficult to align onto the chimpanzee genome with high accuracy; it’s because it’s considerably more human-like than it should be.
So, how similar is chimpanzee DNA to human? My research indicates that raw chimpanzee DNA sequences from data sets with significantly lower levels of human DNA contamination are on average about 85% identical in their DNA sequence when aligned onto the human genome. Therefore, based on the most recent, unbiased, and comprehensive research, chimpanzee DNA is no more than 85% similar to human.
What Does 85% DNA Similarity Mean?
So, what does 85% DNA similarity really mean? First of all, it’s important to note that for human evolution to seem plausible, a DNA similarity of 99% is required. This is based on known current mutation rates in humans and an alleged splitting of humans from a common ancestor with chimpanzees about three to six million years ago. This length of time is a mere second on the evolutionary timescale. Any level of similarity much less than 99% is evolutionarily impossible. This is why evolutionists rely on all sorts of monkey business when it comes to comparing human and chimpanzee DNA—they must achieve a figure close to 99% or their model collapses.
So, what if humans and chimpanzees are only about 85% similar in their DNA? Isn’t this pretty close, too, even if it puts evolution out of the picture? In reality, this level of similarity is exactly what one would expect from a creation perspective because of certain basic similarities in overall body plans and cellular physiology between humans and chimpanzees. After all, DNA is not called the genetic code for nothing. Just as different software programs on a computer have similar sections of code because they perform similar functions, the same similarity exists between different creatures in certain sections of their genomes. This is not evidence that one evolved from another but rather that both creatures were engineered along similar basic principles. DNA similarities between different creatures are evidence of common engineered design, and the fact that the differences in these DNA sequences are unexplainable by alleged evolutionary processes is also strong evidence of design.
The Bible says that every living thing was created according to its kind. This fits the clear, observable boundaries we see in nature between types of creatures, as well as the distinct boundaries researchers find in genomes as DNA sequencing science progresses.
In regard to humans, we are not only a distinctly different kind compared to chimpanzees and other apes, but we are also the one part of creation that stands out above all other living forms because the Bible states, “So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them” (Genesis 1:27).
Not only is evolution a false paradigm lacking scientific support, it also directly attacks one of the key paradigms of the Bible. Humanity’s unique creation in God’s image is foundational to why Jesus Christ came to redeem us. Man became corrupt through sin from his original created state—he did not evolve that way from an ape.
References
* Dr. Tomkins is Director of Life Sciences at the Institute for Creation Research and earned his Ph.D. in genetics from Clemson University, where he worked as a research technician in a plant breeding/genetics program. After receiving his Ph.D., he worked at a genomics institute and became a faculty member in the Department of Genetics and Biochemistry at Clemson.
A Frizard would Tell you
Evolution is alive and well.
Ribbet!
What did Monkeys come from?
“You missed the obvious point. You were too blinded by the need to call me an atheist that you took the side of your faithless brothers at IC”R”. Think, man, think!”
Two things. Re-read my post and you’ll see I did neither of those.
I described certain atheist behavior as I saw it, did not included you in the group. (I didn’t exclude you either, true, but didn’t address it at all because I don’t know and don’t care).
Two, I certainly did not side with ICR, in fact the opposite.
Actually his understanding of the genomic science was not bad. When he wrote:
“Determining DNA similarity between humans and chimpanzees isn’t a trivial task.”
He is absolutely right. True for any genomic comparisons, with greater non-triviality with increasing size and complexity.
And whereas I agree with you that “DNA science” does not disprove evolution, your argument was mainly one of authority.
According to the article the author “earned his Ph.D. in genetics from Clemson University”.
From his understanding of the issue and ability to articulate it to a lay audience, I don’t disbelieve that.
I do think he has gone beyond scientific concerns in his conclusions and assertions.
He would be better served to drop the religious polemic and aspects and try to publish his findings in a mainstream journal, e.g. His analysis of genomic similarities of human and chimp.
Oh, I know..Maybe in the next great extinction a niche will be created which cries out for a frizard. .
Explain the wave particle duality of photons.
You can do math. Your post proves it.
Grin.
You don’t know what you’re talking about...
Jeffrey Tomkins has a Ph.D. in Genetics from Clemson University, an M.S. in Plant Science from the University of Idaho, and a B.S. in Agriculture Ed. from Washington State University. He was on the Faculty in the Dept of Genetics and Biochemistry at Clemson University for a decade, where he published 57 secular research papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals and seven chapters in scientific books in the areas of genetics, genomics, and proteomics. For the past six years, Dr Tomkins has been a Research Scientist at ICR specializing in genomics and bioinformatics research where he has published 24 peer-reviewed creation science journal papers, two books, and a wide variety of semi-technical articles in the ICR magazine Acts & Facts.
Nope but it is smart to have it.
Or proven so where does that leave you?
Which could be an advantage considering how indoctrinated kids are when they come out of school. Science majors are affected too, or they wouldn't believe there are 42 genders and carbon dioxide is destroying the world.
[[BTW, in an infinite number of universes that is how Buicks are made.]]
Ah perhaps, but not how corvettes, cadillacs, toyotas, etc etc etc are all made in all the same universe and on the same planet- the odds are way beyond the upperl imits of probability
The human species alone woudl have had to defy the upper probability limits not just one or two times, but billions of times as it was ‘evolving’ down through the ages in a relatively short amount of time
[[The IC”R” again posits no alternative view to explain, other than to say “God did it”.]]
As opposed to the evolutionist’s ‘Nature did it”- very often they simply claim things happens ‘naturally’ without giving any evidence that proves nature was even capable o bucking hte odds to do so- Miller tried once when trying but failing to explain how blood clotting could evolve, his explanation only ended up proving that an intelligent designer was needed, and carefully controlled conditions were needed in order for it to occur’ naturally’ lol
So yeah- when you dismiss one practice, be sure not to overlook the fact that the other practice you advocate for doesn’t do the same hting
[[Evolution is absolutely incompatible with our Christian faith.]]
Absolutely it is- The bible states that there was no ‘spirit death’ before the fall (While there was cell death- ie grass being trampled underfoot)- in order for evolution to be true, there would have had to certainly be spirit death as species died while ‘evolving’ into monkeys and then eventually into Adam and Eve
[[You need only to find a modern horse skeleton next to millions year old dinosaur fragments.]]
nonense- the evolutionist woudl claim the earth suffered upheaval at that location and desposited older bones next to younger bones- like they always claim when the evidence doesn’t match the hypothesis
better yeet- take a number of amino acids, put them in a highly controlled environment, subject them to electricity, and carefully control the mixing of right hand and left hand amino acids so they don’t destroy each other, and ask how long it will take for a tadpole to emerge from that concoction after subjecting it to myriad dleterious mutations as it ‘evolves’
when they have no evidence to refute- they attack the messenger- standard M.O
[[If someone feels one must scientifically prove the existence of God, that doesn’t say much for their faith, does it?]]
Who said anything about scientifically proving God? We can however see clear fingerprints such as in irreducible complexity and the need for a designer-
Gos has clearly stated that He has given all the proof necessary to believe in Him- it’s all around us- and science backs that up- it is mathematically biologically, thermodynamically, chemically impossible for evolution to have occurred- - even just one of those impossibilities alone would be enough to doom the hypothesis, but taken altogether- it’s a zero change that it happened- so the only other possibility is that an intelligent designer was needed to create irreducibly complex lifeforms- the evidence is clear- God was needed- I have only ever seen two possible explanations, and one turns out to be impossible on several levels- that leaves only one viable alternative- and His fingerprints are everywhere- He even states so in His word statign that man will be without excuse because hte evidence was abundant and they chose not to accept it
The zoo of course
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