Posted on 04/26/2016 11:36:26 AM PDT by SunkenCiv
The largest ever study of global genetic variation in the human Y chromosome has uncovered the hidden history of men. Research published today (25 April) in Nature Genetics reveals explosions in male population numbers in five continents, occurring at times between 55 thousand and four thousand years ago... analysed sequence differences between the Y chromosomes of more than 1200 men from 26 populations around the world using data generated by the 1000 Genomes Project... involved 42 scientists from four continents...
Analysing the Y chromosomes of modern men can tell us about the lives of our ancestors. The Y chromosome is only passed from father to son and so is wholly linked to male characteristics and behaviours. The team used the data to build a tree of these 1200 Y chromosomes; it shows how they are all related to one another. As expected, they all descend from a single man who lived approximately 190,000 years ago...
The earliest explosive increases of male numbers occurred 50,000-55,000 years ago, across Asia and Europe, and 15,000 years ago in the Americas. There were also later expansions in sub-Saharan Africa, Western Europe, South Asia and East Asia, at times between 4,000 and 8,000 years ago. The team believes the earlier population increases resulted from the first peopling by modern humans of vast continents, where plenty of resources were available.
The later expansions are more enigmatic.
Dr Chris Tyler-Smith, from the Sanger Institute, added: "The best explanation is that they may have resulted from advances in technology that could be controlled by small groups of men. Wheeled transport, metal working and organised warfare are all candidate explanations that can now be investigated further."
(Excerpt) Read more at eurekalert.org ...
"For thirty years, nobody disputed this 'fact'. One group of scientists abandoned their experiments on human liver cells because they could only find twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in each cell. Another researcher invented a method of separating the chromosomes, but still he thought he saw twenty-four pairs. It was not until 1955, when an Indonesian named Joe-Hin Tjio travelled from Spain to Sweden to work with Albert Levan, that the truth dawned. Tjio and Levan, using better techniques, plainly saw twenty-three pairs. They even went back and counted twenty-three pairs in photographs in books where the caption stated that there were twenty-four pairs. There are none so blind as do not wish to see."
GENOMEThe different kind blood group you have determines your susceptibility to certain diseases. For example, people with A blood are less likely to get diarrhoea than people with B blood. People with O blood are more susceptible to getting diarrhoea than anybody else. People with AB blood are virtually immune to diarrhoea because of their resistance. Nobody really yet knows how AB genotype protects them from this disease. "Since people with the O blood are the most susceptible to the disease, shouldn't they die out according to natural selection?' you are probably asking. That is true but there are a couple of things that keep the O group alive and one of them is malaria. People with O blood are more resistant to malaria than other groups. Another thing is that the O group is less likely to get certain cancers. These benefits cancel out the negative effect that the O blood group has on the diarrhoea disease so, this balance has kept the group from disappearing.
the autobiography of
a species in 23 chapters
by Matt Ridley
(from chap 9)
from the FRchives:The Scars of Evolution:"The most remarkable aspect of Todaro's discovery emerged when he examined Homo Sapiens for the 'baboon marker'. It was not there... Todaro drew one firm conclusion. 'The ancestors of man did not develop in a geographical area where they would have been in contact with the baboon. I would argue that the data we are presenting imply a non-African origin of man millions of years ago.'"
What Our Bodies Tell Us
About Human Origins
by Elaine Morgan
The Neandertal Enigma"Frayer's own reading of the record reveals a number of overlooked traits that clearly and specifically link the Neandertals to the Cro-Magnons. One such trait is the shape of the opening of the nerve canal in the lower jaw, a spot where dentists often give a pain-blocking injection. In many Neandertal, the upper portion of the opening is covered by a broad bony ridge, a curious feature also carried by a significant number of Cro-Magnons. But none of the alleged 'ancestors of us all' fossils from Africa have it, and it is extremely rare in modern people outside Europe." [pp 126-127]
by James Shreeve
in local libraries
This diagram works for most people, but not for folks with Down's Syndrome and a few other conditions. F is for father, M for mother; each of us has up to 64 great-great-great-great-grandcestors; no more than 46 of them has had even one chromosome pair reach you; even with the occasional crossing stream, there's no more than 46, and with crossing streams, could be less.
For those who don't know, this doesn't mean the other 18 (and all of their ancestors, plus half of the ancestors of the 46) are not your ancestors -- DUH! IOW, just because the chromosomes don't make it through, doesn't mean that Oetzi (for example) has no living descendants.
One of my grandmas had no daughters (that lived), hence her mtDNA died out, and for the same reason so did her mom's -- her brother was her only sibling; on her mother's side, I know only of a brother; etc etc...
ggggGrand gggGrand ggGrand gGrand Grand parents YOU
9 | 46 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In Islam, fully 50% of all marriages are between first cousins. This has been going on about 1400 years. This practice explains a lot about Muslims and Islam. But is also love to see how this would work out in these genomic theories. (Other than explain birth defects, disease, low IQ and insanity)
"'But no man can do wrong who lays his chariot alongside that of a foe, and tries for a spear-thrust. Such was the courage and will of the men of old who stormed walls and laid waste cities.'"
Ahhh, the good old days.
More recent advancements in technology seem to be causing the population to decline.
Marrying your cousin, causing low IQ...damn that Insha’Allah!!!
A fun series on Nat Geo that just aired is The Great Human Race. It had two survivalist actors who assumed the technology of the era and lived off it for five days.
First: use rocks to crack open bones as a scavenger. Then cutting tools. Then spears, then control fire, then domesticating animals, then bronze etc. until arrival in North America where they made cordage and nets and had all the salmon they could ever eat.
Using a rock to smash bones at a kill site was the God moment, around 3 million years ago. We could do something no animal could and became the apex predator and own the planet.
The birth of rock!
Which bracket is Gonzaga?
three to the side of bazinga
Wow! Good find!
And guess what ... the Chinese, with their one-child-per-family policy of abortion have been selectively breeding for males. Not enough females have been allowed to live. This can’t end up well. God help us.
It should end up very well. Fewer females, with a desire for a low birthrate should be the saving of China, by reducing their 1 1/2 billion population down to a survivable size in a century or two. Less fighting for resources with us and others, good result.
The rapid expansion of males in the 55,000 to 50,000 year range probably represents a bettering of conditions after the severe cold and starvation that shrank the human population when the Toba supervolcano blew its top. This eruption left a crater 18 miles by 65 miles—larger than the Yellowstone basin—and a noticeable slump in the earth’s temperature record around 74,000 years ago.
The difference between Toba at 74000 and the so called increase at 50-55000 is too great a period to attribute that leap to Toba. 20000 years is time for 3 civilizations like our current one to come and go.
The human race recovered, after the dark winters of the Younger Dryas ended, in little more than than half that time - 12,000 years later we are again a worldwide civilization.
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