J. Rad̨kowska
Posted on 03/21/2022 12:10:27 PM PDT by SunkenCiv
Archaeologists have been excavating the city of Berenike on Egypt's Red Sea coast on and off since 1994. Berenike was founded between 275 and 260 BC, but was temporarily abandoned sometime between 220 and 200 BC, before being repopulated for many centuries. After Egypt was annexed by the Roman Empire in 30 BC, Berenike became the empire’s southernmost port.
...the well dried up between 220 and 200 BC, and sand was blown into it by the wind. This sand is preserved in the well, and contains two bronze coins dating from the decades before 199 BC. Elsewhere in the fortress, there are few artefacts from that time, suggesting Berenike was abandoned.
There must have been a drought lasting several years to cause the well to dry up, says Wozniak. He says the most likely cause is a volcanic eruption. In line with this, a 2017 study led by Jennifer Marlon at Yale University found that, in 209 BC, a volcanic eruption released lots of sulphate aerosols into Earth's atmosphere. This caused the summer rains over the Nile headwaters to fail. The lack of rain could explain the well drying out, which perhaps helped encourage inhabitants to abandon the city.
It is unclear which volcano would have been responsible. Wozniak and Harrell suggest four possibilities: Popocatéptl in Mexico, Pelée on the island of Martinique in the Lesser Antilles, Tsurumi or Hakusan, both of which are in Japan.
(Excerpt) Read more at newscientist.com ...
Lasken notes that some Linear B tablets contain Latin terms, and must date after circa 207 BC. This is not to say that they all must, nor does it take into account the fact that Latin is older than this and the loan vocabulary could have resulted from the extensive commerce. However, none of it works under the conventional chronology, with its imaginary and quite modern "dark age" between the Mycenaeans and classic Greeks.207 BC? Aw, that's just a coincidence... ;') There is one eruption attested in surviving ancient sources (and Herodotus isn't it -- he has quite a lot about the island) -- circa 199 BC. Here's something additional on the topic:A Proper Dating of the Linear B TabletsWhile there is general agreement that the language of the Linear B tablets was Greek, many words lack clear cut Greek etymologies and have not been satisfactorily translated. This has led to suggestions that the tablets may contain a sort of jargon combining several languages. I will demonstrate the equivalence of the Mycenaean terms ko-re-te, po-ko-re-te, e-qu-ta, and ra-wa-ke-ta [with] the Latin terms curator, procurator, equite, and legatus and discuss other evidence suggesting that Latin was included in the Linear B tablets. I am not disputing that Mycenaean is a Greek tongue; however, the scribes who prepared these tablets were also using, to a limited extent, certain Latin terms and constructions.
by Jesse E. Lasken
ESOP 1993 v 22The Linear B TabletsKO-RE-TE, PO-RO-KO-RE-TE [koreter, prokoreter] -- Such officials are known at both Knossos and Pylos. The titles bear a suspiciously close resemblance to the Latin terms curator and procurator ("guardian" and "manager, imperial officer/governor" respectively). The Linear B evidence suggests that the koreter was a local official in charge of one of the sixteen major administrative units within the Pylian kingdom, and the prokoreter was evidently his deputy.
and Mycenaean Social, Political,
and Economic Organization
Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean
Trustees of Dartmouth College
Revised: Friday, March 18, 2000
"Even when, during the respective Thera Conferences, individual scientists had pointed out that the magnitude and significance of the Thera eruption must be estimated as less than previously thought, the conferences acted to strengthen the original hypothesis. The individual experts believed that the arguments advanced by their colleagues were sound, and that the facts of a natural catastrophe were not in doubt... All three factors reflect a fantasy world rather than cool detachment, which is why it so difficult to refute the theory with rational arguments." -- Eberhard Zangger, "The Future of the Past: Archaeology in the 21st Century", pp 49-50.
[snip] Pliny described the changes in land and sea distribution. “Land is sometimes formed . . . rising suddenly out of the sea. Delos and Rhodes, islands which have now been long famous, are recorded to have risen up in this way. More lately there have been some smaller islands formed,” and he names them: Anapha, Nea, Halone, Thera, Therasia, Hiera, and Thia, the last of which appeared in his own time. [/snip] -- The Dark Age of Greece, “Changes in Land and Sea”
['Civ note: The eruption that formed the caldera dates to 22,000 years ago (that’s not 2,200, but ten times that); there was no tsunami, no “super-eruption” in the 2nd M BC, IMHO it’s a persistent delusional system that originated in the 19th century, but has been periodically revived since then. Historically the only known eruption on Thera from literate antiquity is circa 200 BC.]
What destroyed Akrotiri and when did it happen?
There’s a great link to a Doggerland site if one clicks on that link you posted.
Here's the topics with a different misspelled keyword than the one I fixed up yesterday. Some of these belong in the correct keyword, and some don't:
The one circa 200 BC.
Yeah, that one too ;)
That doesn’t match the archaeology. They’ve recovered all kinds of artifacts from Akrotiri. The ceramic styles, for example, can be keyed to specific periods and those styles are far older than 200 BC. They’ve also radiocarbon dated plenty of organic material, including an olive tree buried alive in volcanic ash, and those dates got back to 1600 BCE.
Nope. RC results are skewed on the island, such that living plants growing in the “dead carbon” rich soil test out 1000 years old and other flakey stuff. There’s no reason to believe it hasn’t been that way for as long as the island has had soil, since it was formed by a volcano.
Wut?
Raining frogs, plague of flies not enough?
...and caused rabbits to appear...
herodotus was 480-420 BC, too early for a 199BC reference
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