Gods, Graves, Glyphs
Weekly Digest #148
Saturday, May 19, 2007
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Oh So Mysteriouso
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Snake Cults Dominated Early Arabia
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Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 05/18/2007 1:51:54 PM EDT · 28 replies · 331+ views
Discovery News | May 18, 2007 | Jennifer Viegas
Pre-Islamic Middle Eastern regions were home to mysterious snake cults, according to two papers published in this month's Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy journal. From at least 1250 B.C. until around 550 A.D., residents of what is now the Persian Gulf worshipped snakes in elaborate temple complexes that appear to have been built for this purpose, the studies reveal. The first paper, by archaeologist Dan Potts of the University of Sydney, describes architecture and relics dating to 500 B.C. from Qalat al-Bahrain in Bahrain. Two rooms in what is now known as the Late Dilmun Palace each contain 39 pits, some...
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Epigraphy and Language
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Cliff carvings may rewrite history of Chinese characters
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Posted by Renfield
On News/Activism 05/18/2007 1:33:37 PM EDT · 22 replies · 659+ views
Xinhua News Agency | 5-18-07 | unknown
Chinese archaeologists say they have found more than 2,000 pictographs dating back 7,000 to 8,000 years, about 3,000 years before other texts that are believed to be the origin of modern Chinese characters. The pictographs are on the rock carvings in Damaidi, at Beishan Mountain in northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, which covers about 450 square kilometers with more than 10,000 prehistoric rock carvings. Paleographers claim that the pictographs may take the history of Chinese characters back to 7,000 to 8,000 years ago. Previously, scholars believed the earliest Chinese characters included 3,000-year-old inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, known...
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Chinese writing '8,000 years old'
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Posted by Jedi Master Pikachu
On News/Activism 05/18/2007 2:54:50 PM EDT · 50 replies · 928+ views
BBC | Friday, May 18, 2007
Chinese archaeologists studying ancient rock carvings say they have evidence that modern Chinese script is thousands of years older than previously thought.State media say researchers identified more than 2,000 pictorial symbols dating back 8,000 years, on cliff faces in the north-west of the country. They say many of these symbols bear a strong resemblance to later forms of ancient Chinese characters. Scholars had thought Chinese symbols came into use about 4,500 years ago. The Damaidi carvings, first discovered in the 1980s, cover 15 sq km (5.8 square miles) and feature more than 8,000 individual figures including the sun, moon,...
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Neanderthal / Neandertal
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Dry Period In Spain Explains Neanderthals' Last Stand
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/18/2007 6:13:47 PM EDT · 16 replies · 429+ views
New Scientist | 5-18-2007
Dry period in Spain explains Neanderthals' last stand 18 May 2007 NewScientist.com news service While modern humans were taking over the rest of Europe, Neanderthals were somehow able to cling on in southern Iberia. Now a climate model has helped to explain why. It suggests the region became desert-like around 39,000 years ago, making it undesirable for modern humans. Pierre Sepulchre from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and colleagues modelled climate and vegetation patterns over the Iberian peninsula around 40,000 years ago. In particular they were interested in the impact of "Heinrich event 4" - an episode of sluggish...
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Art
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Conservation-damaged frescoes can be saved [damaging techniques have caused darkening & crumbling]
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Posted by bedolido
On News/Activism 05/18/2007 5:16:51 PM EDT · 4 replies · 211+ views
newscientisttech.com | 5-18-2007 | Staff Writer
Widespread use of a damaging conservation technique has seen many of Italy's Renaissance frescoes darken and crumble. That degradation can now be stopped in its tracks. In the 1960s conservators began coating frescoes in clear acrylic polymers to preserve them, but the treatment has had the opposite effect. "The acrylic makes the fresco look brilliant and well preserved initially," says Piero Baglioni, a chemist at the University of Florence. "But as the plaster can no longer breathe, degradation beneath the coating actually speeds up, due to calcium salt and humidity build-up."
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Middle Ages and Renaissance
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Shipwreck yields historic riches -- $500M worth
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Posted by Red Badger
On News/Activism 05/18/2007 10:23:38 AM EDT · 56 replies · 1,462+ views
AP via cnn.com | 05/18/2007 | Staff
TAMPA, Florida (AP) -- Deep-sea explorers said Friday they have mined what could be the richest shipwreck treasure in history, bringing home 17 tons of colonial-era silver and gold coins from an undisclosed site in the Atlantic Ocean. Estimated value: $500 million. A jet chartered by Tampa-based Odyssey Marine Exploration landed in the United States recently with hundreds of plastic containers brimming with coins raised from the ocean floor, Odyssey co-chairman Greg Stemm said. The more than 500,000 pieces are expected to fetch an average of $1,000 each from collectors and investors. "For this colonial era, I think (the find)...
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Ice Ice Baby to Go
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Analysis Finds Large Antarctic Area Has Melted
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Posted by neverdem
On News/Activism 05/16/2007 1:50:21 AM EDT · 28 replies · 779+ views
NY Times | May 16, 2007 | ANDREW C. REVKIN
While much of the world has warmed in a pattern that scientists have linked with near certainty to human activities, the frigid interior of Antarctica has resisted the trend. Now, a new satellite analysis shows that at least once in the last several years, masses of unusually warm air pushed to within 310 miles of the South Pole and remained long enough to melt surface snow across a California-size expanse. The warm spell, which occurred over one week in 2005, was detected by scientists from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA and the University of Colorado, Boulder. Balmy air, with...
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Macedonia
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How Alexander The Great Used 'Mother Nature'
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/15/2007 7:39:17 PM EDT · 24 replies · 832+ views
The Telegraph (UK) | 5-15-2007 | Roger Highfield
How Alexander the Great used 'Mother Nature' By Roger Highfield, Science Editor Last Updated: 1:45am BST 15/05/2007 Alexander the Great had ''Mother Nature'' on his side when he conquered the island fortress of Tyre in 332 BC, says a study published today. A bust of Alexander the Great Tyre, in present day Lebanon, was then a strategic coastal base in the war between the Greeks and the Persians. Now archeologists have at last worked out how Alexander's engineers managed to build a causeway to enable his army to conquer what had become a bastion of resistance. All previous settlements on...
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British Isles
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Romans' second fort a thrilling idea [ Monmouth, Wales, UK ]
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Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 05/15/2007 11:26:15 AM EDT · 4 replies · 72+ views
icWales | May 10, 2007 | Western Mail
A second Roman fort has been found in Monmouth, in what the town's archaeological society describes as one of the most thrilling Roman discoveries in South-East Wales for many years. Archaeologists have long known of the existence of a large, "vexillation" fort in the town centre, dating from about AD50, but excavations over the past 25 years have hinted at a smaller, later, second fort. Now its existence has been confirmed thanks to earthworks for a building on land owned by the chairman of Monmouth Archaeological Society, Steve Clarke. The "auxiliary" fort may have housed up to 500 soldiers. It...
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Ireland
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Ancient "Royal Temple" Discovered in Path of Ireland Highway
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/16/2007 3:53:52 PM EDT · 26 replies · 635+ views
National Geographic | 5-15-2007 | James Owen
Ancient "Royal Temple" Discovered in Path of Ireland Highway James Owen for National Geographic NewsMay 15, 2007 The discovery of a major prehistoric site where experts believe an open-air royal temple once stood has stalled construction of a controversial four-lane highway in Ireland. A large circular enclosure estimated to be at least 2,000 years old was exposed at Lismullin in County Meath, by road-builders working on a 37-mile-long (60-kilometer-long) road northwest of Dublin. The find is located just 1.25 miles (2 kilometers) from the Hill of Tara, once the seat of power of Ireland's Celtic kings, and likely represents a...
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Rome and Italy
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Roman towns aligned with Sun
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Posted by BGHater
On News/Activism 05/17/2007 12:17:19 AM EDT · 10 replies · 330+ views
Discovery News | 16 May 2007 | Rossella Lorenzi
Ancient Romans built their towns using astronomically aligned grids, an Italian study concludes. The research examines the orientation of virtually all Roman towns in Italy and is published on the arXiv physics website, which is maintained by Cornell University. "It emerged that these towns were not laid out at random. On the contrary, they were planned following strong symbolic aspects, all linked to astronomy," says Professor Giulio Magli, of the mathematics department at Milan's Polytechnic University. The research examined the orientation of some 38 towns in Italy and is part of a wider study published in Magli's book Secrets of...
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Cracks threaten Rome's majesty
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Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 05/15/2007 11:21:21 AM EDT · 15 replies · 172+ views
BBC | Monday, May 14, 2007 | Christian Fraser
The Emperor Augustus said he found Rome a city of brick - and he left it a city of marble... The Forum, the Colosseum and the palaces of the Palatine Hill still stand as proud testament to the Roman builders' genius. Yet today they are betrayed by monumental neglect. The problem of course is money. It costs millions to protect the treasures of Ancient Rome. Not to mention the funds needed to safeguard the newly discovered ruins, which in Rome they find practically every week... The Palatine is honeycombed with cavities - the result of centuries of tunnelling and digging....
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Let's Have Jerusalem
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Artifacts From Time of Kings David and Solomon Revealed
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Posted by Esther Ruth
On News/Activism 05/15/2007 8:06:06 AM EDT · 19 replies · 856+ views
www.israelnationalnews.com | 27 Iyar 5767, 15 May 07 03:03 | Nissan Ratzlav-Katz
27 Iyar 5767, 15 May 07 03:03 by (IsraelNN.com) In honor of Jerusalem Day, which begins Tuesday night, archaeologists revealed a number of seals from the time of the Biblical Kings David and Solomon. The seals, along with other recently uncovered artifacts, were displayed for the first time on Monday, at a conference marking 40 years since the liberation and reunification of Jerusalem by the modern State of Israel. The Bible-period artifacts were unearthed during archaeological excavations underway in Ir David, the City of David, below Jerusalem's Old City to the east. The specific artifacts on display on Monday were...
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Faith and Philosophy
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Archaeologist: Antiquities Authority destroying Leviticus scroll
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Posted by BlackVeil
On Religion 05/14/2007 7:18:53 AM EDT · 13 replies · 292+ views
Ha-Aretz | 10 May 2007 | By Yair Sheleg
Professor Hanan Eshel, the archaeologist who two years ago uncovered scroll fragments of the Book of Leviticus, says the Israel Antiquities Authority, which now has the finds, has cut out large chunks of the scroll on the pretext that its dating needed to be examined. This was not a necessary procedure, says Eshel, since "experts say it was possible to test the dating without an intrusive examination and in the worst case scenario by cutting a tiny, peripheral portion of the scroll." Relying on internal sources in the Antiquities Authority, Eshel says "there had even been plans to cut letters...
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Navigation
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Ancient Wooden Anchor Discovered (World's Oldest)
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/15/2007 5:04:27 PM EDT · 25 replies · 645+ views
Newswise | 5-15-2007 | University Of Haifa
Source: University of Haifa Released: Tue 15-May-2007, 08:50 ET Ancient Wooden Anchor Discovered The world's oldest wooden anchor was discovered during excavations in the Turkish port city of Urla, the ancient site of Liman Tepe / the Greek 1st Millennium BCE colony of Klazomenai, by researchers from the Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies of the University of Haifa. The anchor, from the end of the 7th century BC, was found near a submerged construction, imbedded approximately.1.5 meters underground. Marine archaeologists excavating at Urla Newswise -- The world's oldest wooden anchor was discovered during excavations in the Turkish port city...
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India
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Surveys Launched To Trace Malabar's Maritime History
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/12/2007 2:08:44 PM EDT · 20 replies · 254+ views
Arab News | 5-12-2007 | Mohammed Ashraf
Surveys Launched to Trace Malabar's Maritime History Mohammed Ashraf, Arab News THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, 12 May 2007 -- The Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) has begun surveys to trace the Malabar coast's maritime history. The council will be assisted by the Indian Navy in the waters of the Kodungallur region since excavations there have produced evidence of Roman and West Asian maritime contacts. Historians believe Muziris, the lost port city of south India, which was a major center of trade with the Roman Empire 2,000 years ago, existed in the town of Pattanam. The navy undertook sea bottom profiling and the...
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Ancient Europe
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Work Begins To Uncover Secrets Of Silbury Hill
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/12/2007 1:43:08 PM EDT · 43 replies · 847+ views
The Telegraph (UK) | 5-12-2007 | Richard Savill
Work begins to uncover secrets of Silbury Hill By Richard Savill Last Updated: 2:26am BST 12/05/2007 Work began yesterday to save an ancient landmark in Wiltshire from collapsing. Silbury Hill, which at 130 feet high is the largest prehistoric man-made construction in Europe, continues to mystify archaeologists. English Heritage is to spend £600,000 this summer trying to preserve the mound. Specialist engineers will enter the mound through a tunnel which was dug in 1968 by a team led by the archaeologist, Prof Richard Atkinson. That tunnel was the last of three made over two centuries by archaeologists. The original purpose...
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Ancient Bulgarian Sanctuaries "Older" Than Egyptian Pyramids
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/16/2007 3:40:25 PM EDT · 18 replies · 507+ views
Novinite | 5-16-2007
Ancient Bulgarian Sanctuaries "Older" than Egyptian Pyramids 16 May 2007, Wednesday Bulgarian scientist will try to prove their hypothesis that the rock sanctuaries of Tatul and Perperikon in the Eastern Rhodopi Mountains are more ancient than Egyptian pyramids. To prove their hypothesis, the scientists will organize the biggest archaeology expedition in the country that will be situated near the southern town of Kardzhali. The top Bulgarian archaeologist Nikolay Ovcharov will lead the expedition. The hypothesis of the rock sanctuaries' age was voiced some months ago by two Bulgarian historians. According to them the first cuts in the rocks there date...
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Megaliths and Archaeoastronomy
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Moundsville new home to beads, bullets and other historic bling
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Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 05/14/2007 12:38:27 PM EDT · 14 replies · 151+ views
Daily Mail | Monday May 14, 2007 | Justin D. Anderson
...head curator Scott Speedy... said it would be difficult to estimate just how many individual relics he's responsible for at the museum. He just knows he'll have to go through a lot of boxes containing materials from the prehistoric Paleo Indian nomads to Civil War artifacts unearthed at the Reed Farmstead in Hardy County during work on Corridor H... The collection currently being stored at Grave Creek used to be housed at the Blennerhassett Museum in Wood County and various other state institutions. About 11 years ago, the collection was shipped up to Moundsville. The rest of the collection has...
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Climate
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Lightning spurs hurricanes - Link shows storms in Africa can cause havoc in the United States.
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Posted by neverdem
On News/Activism 05/14/2007 3:53:43 AM EDT · 29 replies · 643+ views
news@nature.com | 11 May 2007 | Harvey Leifert
Close window Published online: 11 May 2007; | doi:10.1038/news070508-12 Lightning spurs hurricanesLink shows storms in Africa can cause havoc in the United States.What creates an Atlantic hurricane? The most devastating ones are spurred by intense thunderstorms in the Ethiopian highlands, according to new research. The link between lightning strikes and hurricane formation should give researchers a heads-up about when a nasty hurricane might form, weeks before it could make landfall in the United States, says Colin Price of Tel Aviv University in Israel. Today, scientists apply various models to predict storm tracks and strength, but only once they form...
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Catastrophism and Astronomy
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Did comet start deadly cold snap?
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Posted by Mike Darancette
On News/Activism 05/16/2007 6:00:33 PM EDT · 76 replies · 1,213+ views
Canada.com | Monday, May 14, 2007 | Margaret Munro
An extraterrestrial impact 13,000 years ago wiped out mammoths and started a mini-ice age, scientists believe Margaret Munro CanWest News Service Monday, May 14, 2007 A comet or some other extraterrestrial object appears to have slammed into northern Canada 12,900 years ago and triggered an abrupt and catastrophic climate change that wiped out the mammoths and many other prehistoric creatures, according to a team of U.S. scientists. Evidence of the ecological disaster exists in a thin layer of sediment that has been found from Alberta to New Mexico, say the researchers, whose work adds a dramatic and provocative twist to...
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Whole Lotta Shakin'
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Slip sliding away [ Machu Picchu is in imminent danger ]
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Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 05/12/2007 9:45:02 AM EDT · 11 replies · 252+ views
New Scientist | March 7, 2001 | Peter Hadfield
Japanese geologists have found that the earth beneath the ruins is shifting at an alarming rate. They say a major landslide could split the ruins in two at any time... Researchers from the Disaster Prevention Research Institute at Kyoto University set up 10 extensometers to measure the rate of surface movement. They found that one section of back slope was moving downwards at a rate of up to one centimetre per month... Sassa estimates that the landslide will be around 100 metres deep, enough to destroy all of Machu Picchu. The two-ridge structure of the site - with a concave...
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CHiPs, Flakes
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Malibu Archaeological Find Is a Point of Contention [ Clovis point ]
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Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 05/15/2007 11:04:55 AM EDT · 17 replies · 178+ views
Malibu Surfside News | May 13th, 2007 | Anne Soble
...a spearhead, or projectile point, that could have been used by hunters in the Clovis cultural era around 11,000 years ago to pursue a giant mammoth or buffalo in the vicinity of what is now Point Dume... was found in September 2005 by Edgar Perez, a cultural resources specialist for the Tongva Tribe in Los Angeles, who was hired as the Native American monitor at a Point Dume residential construction site. Stickel said Perez was overseeing backhoe digging and spotted the spearhead in the bucket before it was crushed... Interestingly, some descendants of the post-Clovis Chumash, traditionally considered Malibu's earliest...
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Prehistory and Origins
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Human Remains Thought To Be Oldest Ever Found In Santa Cruz
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/12/2007 1:13:51 PM EDT · 23 replies · 649+ views
Santa Cruz Sentinel | Todd Guild
Human remains thought to be oldest ever found in Santa Cruz By Todd Guild Sentinel CorrespondentMay 12, 2007 SANTA CRUZ -- For the Santa Cruz Water Department, most construction projects are uneventful, encountering nothing more than dirt, rocks and an occasional root. That was not the case when city workers installing a water pipe on the Westside unearthed the bodies of two Ohlone people -- now believed to be the oldest human remains ever found in the city. Studies over the past six months date the bones back 5,000 years, when construction on the Great Pyramids in Egypt had just...
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PreColumbian, Clovis, and PreClovis
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Ancient Canals Reveal Underpinnings of Early Andean Civilization
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Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 05/12/2007 9:38:45 AM EDT · 12 replies · 133+ views
Newswise | Tuesday, November 29, 2005 | Vanderbilt University
The discovery by Vanderbilt University anthropologist Tom Dillehay and his colleagues, Herbert Eling, Instituto Naciona de Anthropolotica e Historia in Coahulila, Mexico, and Jack Rossen, Ithaca College, was reported in the Nov. 22 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The anthropologists discovered the canals in Peru's upper middle Zana Valley, approximately 60 kilometers east of the Pacific coast. Preliminary results indicate one of the canals is over 6,700 years old, while another has been confirmed to be over 5,400 years old. They are the oldest such canals yet discovered in South America... Dillehay and his team...
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After 10 Years New Excavations In Sipan
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/15/2007 5:11:13 PM EDT · 2 replies · 196+ views
Latino America | May 2007 | Antonio Aimi
After 10 years, the new excavations in SipanAntonio Aimi This is probably one of the most important archaeological projects in the world, at least under the economical aspect: it's a project of about 1.350.000 Euros. As for the rest, if we want to talk cheap, roughly but objectively, we can say that the previous campaigns of archaeological excavations resulted in more than 8 kilos of gold and silver, paling the mythical Tomb 7 of Monte Alban and the treasures of any El Dorado in Colombia. We are talking about the new excavation campaign originating in these days from Sipan, a...
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Agriculture
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Biotechnology Solves Debate Over Origin Of European Potato
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Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/18/2007 6:48:45 PM EDT · 26 replies · 470+ views
Science Daily | 5-16-2007 | American Society of Agron
Source: American Society of Agronomy Date: May 16, 2007 Biotechnology Solves Debate Over Origin Of European Potato Science Daily -- Molecular studies recently revealed new genetic information concerning the long-disputed origin of the "European potato." Scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the University of La Laguna, and the International Potato Center used genetic markers to prove that the remnants of the earliest known landraces of the European potato are of Andean and Chilean origin. They report their findings in the May-June 2007 issue of Crop Science. Americans each eat about 140 pounds of potatoes a year in fresh and processed...
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Biology and Cryptobiology
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Cave Near Chicago Full of Ancient Wonders
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Posted by LibWhacker
On News/Activism 05/19/2007 2:36:05 PM EDT · 18 replies · 869+ views
Yahoo | LiveScience | 5/18/07 | Corey Binns
North America's oldest conifer tree and some ancient scorpion parts are among the fossil treasures found in a newly discovered cave in Illinois. The new discovery also unearthed fossils of plants that may be new to science and revealed evidence of prehistoric forest fires. Scientists date the specimens to nearly 315 million years ago, according to initial findings presented last month at the regional meeting of the Geological Society of America in Lawrence, Kan. "I've never seen anything like this before," said Roy Plotnick, a paleontologist at the University of Illinois at Chicago who discovered the cave with students on...
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Longer Perspectives
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11-nation commission agrees to start transferring Nazi archive to Holocaust researchers
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Posted by Calpernia
On General/Chat 05/15/2007 11:53:17 AM EDT · 8 replies · 81+ views
SignOnSandiego | 6:03 a.m. May 15, 2007
AMSTERDAM, Netherlands -- Diplomats from 11 countries agreed Tuesday to bypass legal obstacles and begin distributing electronic copies of documents from a secretive Nazi archive, making them available to Holocaust researchers for the first time in more than a half century. The decision was meant to avoid further delays in allowing Holocaust survivors to find their own stories and family histories, and for historians to seek new insights into Europe's darkest period. The countries governing the archive maintained by the International Tracing Service approved a plan to begin transferring scanned documents as soon as they are ready so that receiving...
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Early America
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Scientists unearth Ft. Duquesne remnants
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Posted by nypokerface
On News/Activism 05/17/2007 11:18:11 AM EDT · 9 replies · 384+ views
AP | 05/16/07 | RAMESH SANTANAM
PITTSBURGH - About two weeks ago, archaeologist Tom Kutys thought he'd found a stone wall when he came across mortared capstones in a trench at the state park that once was the site of French and British forts. Instead, archaeologists at Point State Park believe they very well might have uncovered long-buried remnants of Fort Duquesne, Pittsburgh's original fort. "If we are correct about this, we are looking at the earliest example of European masonry in Pittsburgh," said Brooke Blades, an archaeologist with A.D. Marble and Co., which is working on the $35 million renovation of the park in downtown...
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Thoroughly Modern Miscellany
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Book details plot to steal Abe's body[Abraham Lincoln]
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Posted by BGHater
On News/Activism 05/11/2007 10:15:20 PM EDT · 18 replies · 449+ views
AP | 07 May 2007 | Don Babwin
When it comes to Abraham Lincoln, apparently there's no such thing as enough. After countless books about his boyhood, his presidency, the hunt for his killer and yes, even his feet, maybe it was time for a new book devoted to what happened to Lincoln's body after he was done using it. As its title implies, "Stealing Lincoln's Body" by Thomas J. Craughwell (The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press) is devoted to Lincoln after, as Craughwell writes in the first sentence, "the last tremor of life" left his body. Craughwell details a little-known plot to steal the 16th president's...
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Lincoln came near death from smallpox: researchers
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Posted by wagglebee
On News/Activism 05/17/2007 8:09:38 PM EDT · 7 replies · 461+ views
Reuters | 5/17/07 | Reuters
HOUSTON, May 17 (Reuters Life!) - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln may have come closer than previously realized to dying from smallpox shortly after delivering his Gettysburg Address, medical researchers said on Thursday. After giving the Civil War speech, Lincoln became ill with symptoms of smallpox: high fever, weakness, severe pain in the head and back, "prostration" -- an old-fashioned word for extreme fatigue -- and skin eruptions that lasted for three weeks in late 1863. Lincoln's doctors told the ailing president he suffered from a cold or a "bilious fever" before one physician told him he had a mild form...
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Political Party Platforms -- parties receiving electoral votes (1840 - 2004)
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Posted by mdittmar
On General/Chat 05/17/2007 8:10:46 PM EDT · 2 replies · 38+ views
The American Presidency Project | 5/17/07 | The American Presidency Project
Political Party Platforms -- parties receiving electoral votes (1840 - 2004) Democratic Party 2004 2000 1996 1992 1988 1984 1980 1976 1972 1968 1964 1960 1956 1952 1948 1944 1940 1936 1932 1928 1924 1920 1916 1912 1908 1904 1900 1896 1892 1888 1884 1880 1876 1872 1868 1864 1860 1856 1852 1848 1844 1840 Republican Party 2004 2000 1996 1992 1988 1984 1980 1976 1972 1968 1964 1960 1956 1952 1948 1944 1940 1936 1932 1928 1924 1920 1916 1912 1908 1904 1900 1896 1892 1888 1884 1880 1876 1872 1868 1864 1860 1856 Other Parties 1972 - Libertarian...
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end of digest #148 20070519
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