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Hi,
That story about an ancient city comes from a Creationist writer, and as a Floridian I can say it is obviously nonsense. No such city exists, and digging a canal anywhere, and definitely Florida, wouldn't go 'far below sea level'.

Um, I'm a 'native American', I have friends who are 'Native Americans'. Sure, they call themselves Indians.
But in the UK, I'd call them Native Americans, or else everyone would assume they were from India (or their ancestors were).

I agree. But it's 'Native American', not 'native American'.

Doug

Thanks for finding the link. I was thinking of him when I wrote that.

There is a big difference between 'Native American' and 'native American'. I'm a native American, but not a Native American. It doesn't look as though HSS originated in the Americas, so if you take the phrase literally in the sense of earliest ancestors being American, it's wrong.
Most American Indians prefer the term Indian.

But I live in the UK -- here, if you use the word Indian, no one would think you meant someone whose ancestors came from America, they'd assume you meant someone whose ancestors came from the Indian subcontinent. That's true probably everwhere but the Americas.

So, no easy solution. And I guess you could say if someone's ancestors go back ten thousand, maybe forty thousand years on one continent, they have a prior claim to the term 'native'. No one in the British Isles could make a similar claim (well, maybe ten thousand, not much more).

:-) Edo Nyland thinks every language is related to Basque. Really. He's a bit confused about the Ainu themselves also.

Thanks. More or less what I was saying, although there are some unanswered questions.

See also:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hokkaido/ainu2.html

And of course the Ainu Museum:
http://www.ainu-museum.or.jp/english/english.html
The "Ainu Culture" extended from about 1400 to the early 1700 s. According to one theory, the Satsumon Culture developed into the Ainu Culture through the influence of the Okhotsk Culture.

S. Malhi and D.G. Smith. 2002. "Brief Communication: Haplogroup X Confirmed in Prehistoric North America." * Am. J. of Physical Anthropology* 119: 84-86.

Abstract: Haplogroup X represents approximately 3% of all modern Native North american mitochondrial lineages. Using RFLP and hypervariable segment I (HVSI) sequence analyses, we identified a prehistoric individual radiocarbon dated to 1,340 =/- 40 years BP that is a member of haplogroup X, found near the Columbia River in Vantage, Washington.
The presence of haplogroup X in prehistoric North America, along with recent findings of haplogroup X in southern sSiberians confirms the hypothesis tha haplogroup X is a founding lineage.

....(p. 84) Derenko et al [2002. "The Presence of mitochondrial haplogroup X in Altaians from south Siberia," *Am. J. Human Genetics* 69: 237-241] reported the presence of haplogroup X in altaian populations from southern Siberia, where the other four Native American founding haplogroups are also present.

Doug

But you ddn't point out that it's wrong and that Haplogroup X has been found in Siberia.

And that the Hap X in North American Indians is not the same as found in Europeans.

Whoever mentioned the Ainu -- leaving aside the fact that they are a modern ethnic grouping dating back only until about 500 AD, they are genetically related to their Asian ancestors.

Kennewick man and the Ainu may well have the same ancestors.

Doug

The radiocarbon dating was done on the mortar.
http://www.ramtops.co.uk/newport.html
And the invoices for the construction of the Chesterton Windmill as a windmill were found about 20 years ago.

Doug

Mercator's 1569 world map isn't detailed enough to show Narragansett Bay. He does have various symbols as do other maps, but they frequently reflect what was thought to be the case rather than personal knowledge. So the Norse were known, through the sagas at the very least, to have been in NE North America, and he shows that.

As for measurements, there are at least half a dozen competing claims about the measurements used, each used to prove that a different group designed it - they can't all be right! This applies to architectural style as well.

C14 dating suggests that it is colonial and very unlikely to be much earlier.

Then there's the fact that the one dig carried out showed absolutely no signs of anything not Native American or colonial.

And finally, there's the stone Chesterton Windmill in England, built just a bit earlier than the colony and which could easily have been the inspiration for the Norfolk Tower.
http://homepage.ntlworld.com/leicester.street/ambling/chesterton.html

As for the alleged corn at Rosslyn - is it corn? How can you tell? What did corn, highly evolved from the original, look like around 1500 which is probably about the time of the carvings (and 100 years after Sinclair's alleged voyage). I know people who are sure it does not look like corn/maize, - the 3-lobed leaf could be one of a number of plants.