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Diving to Prove Indians Lived on the Continental Shelf
The New York Times ^ | July 29, 2003 | ROBERT HANLEY

Posted on 07/30/2003 4:51:48 PM PDT by sarcasm

FORT HANCOCK, N.J., July 23 — For most underwater archaeologists, the big dream these days is finding a shipwreck full of gold and antique treasures. But for Daria E. Merwin, the goal has a bit less glitter: discovering a 10,000-year-old heap of shells and some ancient arrowheads, spear points and cutting tools in the waters off New Jersey.

Ms. Merwin, a 33-year-old doctoral student in anthropology, says such artifacts would help prove her thesis that prehistoric Indians lived 6,000 to 10,000 years ago on the exposed continental shelf before it was inundated by water from melting glaciers.

For the next three weeks, Ms. Merwin and a dozen undergraduate students in underwater archaeology plan to dive in 30 to 60 feet of water in search of the clues on the Atlantic Ocean floor a few miles off Sandy Hook, N.J. The project is part low-budget exploratory survey, part learning experience for the students and part trailblazing adventure on the ocean bottom.

Ms. Merwin said her budget for the search was $15,000, most of it from the $800 fee each student paid to participate in exchange for six college credits in underwater archaeology. There was not enough money for sonar equipment or other high-tech underwater-sensing devices. So the search will consist of the team's diving from a boat usually chartered by scuba divers, scanning the bottom and excavating up to about a yard deep on any sites that look promising.

Professional archaeologists in New Jersey say the search is both groundbreaking and a long shot.

"They're trying to do something that hasn't been done," said Dr. Lorraine E. Williams, New Jersey's state archaeologist and curator of archaeology at the New Jersey State Museum in Trenton. "People for years have tried to figure out how to explore the ocean bottom. Nobody's really come up with clear evidence of prehistoric sites offshore."

Dr. Williams said that bottom currents were strong off Sandy Hook and over thousands of years have no doubt scattered, or buried, any ancient remnants on the continental shelf.

Ms. Merwin agrees that her quest will be difficult. "It's a pilot study," she said. "It's all exploratory." She said she knew of no similar systematic search in the New York region. And she likened the task to finding a prehistoric Indian needle in the haystack of the Atlantic.

But she is undeterred by the long odds. "We know there are sites," she said. "It's just a question of finding them. If we get really lucky, we'll stop looking and concentrate on excavating. It would be something I could work on with students for years and years and years."

New Jersey officials have given Ms. Merwin a permit to search in waters up to three miles offshore. Any artifacts uncovered, she said, will eventually be given to the state museum. In recent days, the team prepared for its offshore search by conducting an underwater archaeological survey here at the site of a ferry dock the National Park Service wants to build for visitors to the Sandy Hook part of the Gateway National Recreation Area.

Ms. Merwin has loved the ocean since childhood in Bayport, on Long Island. In the late 1990's, she said, she worked at a major underwater prehistoric Indian site found by experts at Florida State University beneath the Aucilla River near Tallahassee.

In 2000, she got a master's degree in nautical archaeology from Texas A & M University, which, she said, is one of the few American colleges offering graduate programs in underwater archaeology. She lectures on that subject at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, where she is studying for her doctorate.

Her thesis is that Indians in the Early Archaic period (10,000 to 8,000 years ago) and the Middle Archaic period (8,000 to 6,000 years ago) were far more prevalent on the now-submerged continental shelf than many archaeologists believe. She said it was widely believed that the ancient Indian population along the coasts of present-day New Jersey and Long Island did not grow profoundly until the Late Archaic period, from 6,000 to 3,000 years ago. "Maybe those changes in the late period aren't so radical and intensive," she said. "The population may have been higher in the early and middle periods, but very few sites have been found because they're submerged."

Hints supporting her theory do exist, experts said. Dr. Williams, the New Jersey state archaeologist, said that for years bones from mastodons that lived on the outer continental shelf have been dredged up by fishermen or washed onto beaches. Presumably, she said, ancient Indians hunted them. But, she added, no preserved underwater Indian settlements or clusters of artifacts have been found — and no one has looked.

Perhaps the most important clue was about 200 arrowheads and other artifacts that a woman from West Long Branch, N.J., Helene Corcione, said she found in 1995 while walking along the beach in Monmouth Beach, a few miles south of Sandy Hook. A few months earlier, the Army Corps of Engineers had rebuilt the beach in Monmouth Beach by pumping sand there from the bottom of the Atlantic about a mile off Sandy Hook.

Ms. Merwin and others say they believe the Corps project dredged up the artifacts. Corps officials say they have no way to verify or disprove that notion.

Dana Linck, the National Park Service's archaeologist for Gateway, is helping Ms. Merwin. He said that tentative tests and analysis on 37 of Ms. Corcione's collection showed they were from the Early Archaic and Late Archaic periods.

John Kraft, an archaeological expert on Lenape Indians in New Jersey, said that submerged sites could exist off New Jersey but that "people like the biggest best — big ships with gold and antiquities."

Ms. Merwin's team is doing what he called dirt archaeology. "What they're looking for are tiny little tools," Mr. Kraft said. "I hope she finds something. It would be great."


TOPICS: News/Current Events; US: New Jersey
KEYWORDS: archaeology; archeology; ggg; godsgravesglyphs; history; newjersey; preclovis; sandyhook
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1 posted on 07/30/2003 4:51:48 PM PDT by sarcasm
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To: blam
ping
2 posted on 07/30/2003 4:52:19 PM PDT by sarcasm (Tancredo 2004)
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To: sarcasm
Indians lived 6,000 to 10,000 years ago on the exposed continental shelf before it was inundated by water from melting glaciers

You mean to tell me we've had global warming for the last 10,000 years? Why aren't we dead yet?

3 posted on 07/30/2003 4:54:05 PM PDT by aomagrat (IYAOYAS)
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To: sarcasm
Thanks, amigo.
4 posted on 07/30/2003 4:55:02 PM PDT by blam
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To: blam
"Ms. Merwin and a dozen undergraduate students in underwater archaeology plan to dive in 30 to 60 feet of water in search of the clues on the Atlantic Ocean floor.

The good stuff will be found 300-500 feet down.

5 posted on 07/30/2003 4:57:52 PM PDT by blam
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To: aomagrat
I want to know whose SUVs caused the glaciers to melt?
6 posted on 07/30/2003 4:59:06 PM PDT by azcap
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To: farmfriend; RightWhale; JudyB1938
Ping. No GGG.
7 posted on 07/30/2003 4:59:52 PM PDT by blam
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To: blam
Anytime.
8 posted on 07/30/2003 5:01:05 PM PDT by sarcasm (Tancredo 2004)
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To: sarcasm
They'll be either plumb lucky or extremely inspired to find a site that isn't silted so deep they can find anything over 100-200 years old. They will have to go out where it's 200 feet deep to go back to Ice Age stuff. Most of the rise in sea level took place right at the end of the Ice Age.
9 posted on 07/30/2003 5:07:24 PM PDT by RightWhale (Destroy the dark; restore the light)
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To: sarcasm
Not a bad timeline for the Biblical Flood....
10 posted on 07/30/2003 5:13:01 PM PDT by Milwaukee_Guy (The Law of Unintended Consequences - No Good Deed Shall Go Unpunished.)
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To: blam
"The good stuff will be found 300-500 feet down."

I had the same thought, and I'm amazed that someone else had it also. I shouldn't be, because FR has always been a meeting place for thinkers.

To back up your statement, the rate of silting and sand deposition over the last 5000 or so years is probably enormous, especially in areas of the ocean close to shore, as this one is.

That said, I wish this team luck, because I suspect that the theory is correct.

11 posted on 07/30/2003 5:25:06 PM PDT by yooper
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To: yooper
"I had the same thought, and I'm amazed that someone else had it also."

Nah, this is fun, easy stuff. I actually have a theory that the Gulf Of Mexico was blocked off from the worlds oceans during the Ice Age

Look at this map here, it shows the whole world with the ocean levels lowered by about 300 feet. Some things to notice, no Persian Gulf, land locked Red Sea, the Mediterranean is in three sections, Japan and Korea is attached, etc.
Now, reduce that on down by another 200 feet (many believe the oceans were lowered by 500 feet) and imagine the result.

12 posted on 07/30/2003 5:43:30 PM PDT by blam
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To: yooper
Read this too.

Going Into The Water: A Survey Of Impact Events And The Coastal Peoples Of South-East North America.

13 posted on 07/30/2003 5:48:20 PM PDT by blam
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To: blam; FreeLibertarian; lizma; Notforprophet; Rutabega; shamusotoole
Gods, Graves, Glyphs
List for articles regarding early civilizations , life of all forms, - dinosaurs - etc.

Let me know if you wish to be added or removed from this ping list.

14 posted on 07/30/2003 6:23:19 PM PDT by farmfriend ( Isaiah 55:10,11)
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To: sarcasm
If it's anything like the shelf off Bradley Beach, New Jersey, she may expect to find a tennis shoe, 8 hypodermic needles, a staph infection, and two weighted cadavers. None of this will be more ancient, however, than 1950 CE.
15 posted on 07/30/2003 6:24:10 PM PDT by gcruse (http://gcruse.blogspot.com/)
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To: aomagrat
Yeah. Global warming from all those camp fires the Indians lit.
Just more evidence that humans MUST be eradicated from the Face of the Earth.
Except for my Family.

<"/Sarcasm OFF">

16 posted on 07/30/2003 6:31:14 PM PDT by Falcon4.0
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To: Amelia
Interesting.
17 posted on 07/30/2003 6:34:33 PM PDT by Scenic Sounds (Next year, the President will be re-elected but good!)
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To: blam
The fact that they might have lived there when it was dry is kind of a yawner... Now, if they lived there while there was 30-60 feet of water, that's another thing ;)
18 posted on 07/30/2003 6:44:06 PM PDT by Axenolith (Chain mail...check. Kevlar vest...Check. Leather Gloves...Check. Begin running the cats bathwater...)
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To: RightWhale
They really should have found a way to get some sonar equipment to locate promising sites first. Even some USGS low resolution sonar images like this would be better than nothing:


19 posted on 07/30/2003 7:02:44 PM PDT by e_engineer
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To: sarcasm
I'm not sure if looking off Sandy Hook is the best place since the sand shifts around so much and melt currents from the Raritan Valley might have blown things out deeper. But that's just south of where the glaciers stopped (the Watchung Mountains and Long Island) so there might still be something there. What I'm really interested in is the chance of finding evidence of occupation older than 12,000 years, suggesting a pre-Clovis migration from Europe or across North America from Asia.
20 posted on 07/30/2003 7:05:06 PM PDT by Question_Assumptions
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