Posted on 03/18/2020 3:44:20 AM PDT by nikos1121
Abstract BACKGROUND:
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Wuhan (China) and subsequently spread worldwide. Chloroquine has been sporadically used in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine shares the same mechanism of action as chloroquine, but its more tolerable safety profile makes it the preferred drug to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions.
We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of hydroxychloroquine also may be useful in controlling the cytokine storm that occurs late-phase in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Currently, there is no evidence to support the use of hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
METHODS: The pharmacological activity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine was tested using SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) were implemented for both drugs separately by integrating their in vitro data. Using the PBPK models, hydroxychloroquine concentrations in lung fluid were simulated under 5 different dosing regimens to explore the most effective regimen whilst considering the drug's safety profile.
RESULTS: Hydroxychloroquine (EC50=0.72 μM) was found to be more potent than chloroquine (EC50=5.47 μM) in vitro. Based on PBPK models results, a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily of hydroxychloroquine sulfate given orally, followed by a maintenance dose of 200 mg given twice daily for 4 days is recommended for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it reached three times the potency of chloroquine phosphate when given 500 mg twice daily 5 days in advance.
CONCLUSIONS: Hydroxychloroquine was found to be more potent than chloroquine to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
I posted this on the side bar, but looks like they took it off quickly.
We have a pt in our ICU, they’re using a combination of drugs on him, one is Plaquenil (Hydroxychloroquine.
The drug has been used almost from the beginning by the Chinese and South Koreans for confirmed cases.
In vitro studies kill the virus.
There are several studies in trial right now, that are promising, showing that confirmed cases recover completely.
I guess my point is, if you’re at risk due to age or infirmary, I would take the precaution and get on this drug, along with zinc.
If Fauci, would get off the podium and start looking at the data...(google Chloroquine and Coronavirus), they would approve the use immediately.
The question I have is does the drug PREVENT the illness.
How sick was your ICU patient? Did you see him yourself?
I saw a video on YouTube if you days ago which said that zinc is what actually kills the virus, but it needs to get inside of your cells. Apparently, the zinc can’t get there by itself because of its electrical charge, but hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine helps to “open the door” for the zinc to get inside.
He’s in our ICU. He is not my patient. He’s quarantined. He’s very sick, but he’s had some pre-morbidities.
I just find it interesting that the drug has been used in the past as an anti-viral, eg the SARs epidemic where that virus is similar to the Covid-19.
My infectious disease colleagues, who are in contacts with doctors in China and India, confirm the effectiveness of the drug and are are telling me that the FDA is reviewing the data and may give the go ahead to use the drug for high risk groups.
Look at this.
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/3825709/posts
The drug kicks in to some people with a vengeance and others it barely scratches them.
The “virus” not the “drug”.
It may be like the 1918 Flu, cytokines storm. But I read it also interferes with hemoglobin. I was reminded of an expression I used to hear on the trauma teams. “It’s the second car that hits you that really kills you”. Is the difference between seriously ill and mild due to whether this occurs?
Yes, that’s mentioned in the study.
Look at this article. The FDA needs to release a statement immediately.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32164085
They took this post OFF the side bar. Now no one is seeing it.
I predict Hydroxychloroquine is going to be used to prevent and treat COVID-19
Chloroquine and HCQ are terrible drugs. Every once in a while a patient will have a bizarre psychological disturbance. If they start putting a lot of folks on this stuff we are gonna see some bizarre things.
I agree. That’s why they’re NOT using it. They’re using Hydroxchloroquine, (Plaquenil).
Yes. That is correct. The human body is an incredibly complex system.
Yes.
it is still used for lupus patients the biggest side effect being retinitis pigmentosa. That takes some time to develop I am unaware a short course to treat a viral infection would cause much trouble.
Terrible compared to what? Getting CoVid19 and dying?
There are risks associated with ALL drugs. It comes down to risk vs. benefit.
The advantage to drugs like hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine is that the risks are well-known from decades of use.
Zinc blocks viral replication in the cell, but the problem is getting the zinc into the cell. hydroxychloroquine and quercetin act as zinc ionophores which actively gets the zinc into the cell.
It should also be mentioned that despite the well-know side effects of chloroquine, there is a large scale study of chloroquine prophylaxis (NOT hydroxychloroquine) kicking off in the UK. The study is being run by Oxford and it involves double-blind, placebo controlled study of 10,000 health care workers and those living with CoVid19 positive people.
So, yes there is risk, but it was deemed sufficiently low to justify a large scale study on at-risk health care workers.
"If" this pans out, there are major advantages. 1) the military should have megadoses already stockpiled, 2) human safety studies already exist, 3) production methods and lines already exist that can be ramped up quickly.
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