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America’s New Religions
NY Magazine ^ | 12-7-18 | Andrew Sullivan

Posted on 12/08/2018 9:36:44 PM PST by DeweyCA

Everyone has a religion. It is, in fact, impossible not to have a religion if you are a human being. It’s in our genes and has expressed itself in every culture, in every age, including our own secularized husk of a society.

By religion, I mean something quite specific: a practice not a theory; a way of life that gives meaning, a meaning that cannot really be defended without recourse to some transcendent value, undying “Truth” or God (or gods).

Which is to say, even today’s atheists are expressing an attenuated form of religion. Their denial of any God is as absolute as others’ faith in God, and entails just as much a set of values to live by — including, for some, daily rituals like meditation, a form of prayer. (There’s a reason, I suspect, that many brilliant atheists, like my friends Bob Wright and Sam Harris are so influenced by Buddhism and practice Vipassana meditation and mindfulness. Buddhism’s genius is that it is a religion without God.)

In his highly entertaining book, The Seven Types of Atheism, released in October in the U.S., philosopher John Gray puts it this way: “Religion is an attempt to find meaning in events, not a theory that tries to explain the universe.” It exists because we humans are the only species, so far as we can know, who have evolved to know explicitly that, one day in the future, we will die. And this existential fact requires some way of reconciling us to it while we are alive.

This is why science cannot replace it. Science does not tell you how to live, or what life is about; it can provide hypotheses and tentative explanations, but no ultimate meaning. Art can provide an escape from the deadliness of our daily doing, but, again, appreciating great art or music is ultimately an act of wonder and contemplation, and has almost nothing to say about morality and life.

Ditto history. My late friend, Christopher Hitchens, with a certain glee, gave me a copy of his book, God Is Not Great, a fabulous grab bag of religious insanity and evil over time, which I enjoyed immensely and agreed with almost entirely. But the fact that religion has been so often abused for nefarious purposes — from burning people at the stake to enabling child rape to crashing airplanes into towers — does not resolve the question of whether the meaning of that religion is true. It is perfectly possible to see and record the absurdities and abuses of man-made institutions and rituals, especially religious ones, while embracing a way of life that these evil or deluded people preached but didn’t practice. Fanaticism is not synonymous with faith; it is merely faith at its worst. That’s what I told Hitch: great book, made no difference to my understanding of my own faith or anyone else’s. Sorry, old bean, but try again.

Seduced by scientism, distracted by materialism, insulated, like no humans before us, from the vicissitudes of sickness and the ubiquity of early death, the post-Christian West believes instead in something we have called progress — a gradual ascent of mankind toward reason, peace, and prosperity — as a substitute in many ways for our previous monotheism. We have constructed a capitalist system that turns individual selfishness into a collective asset and showers us with earthly goods; we have leveraged science for our own health and comfort. Our ability to extend this material bonanza to more and more people is how we define progress; and progress is what we call meaning. In this respect, Steven Pinker is one of the most religious writers I’ve ever admired. His faith in reason is as complete as any fundamentalist’s belief in God.

But none of this material progress beckons humans to a way of life beyond mere satisfaction of our wants and needs. And this matters. We are a meaning-seeking species. Gray recounts the experiences of two extraordinarily brilliant nonbelievers, John Stuart Mill and Bertrand Russell, who grappled with this deep problem. Here’s Mill describing the nature of what he called “A Crisis in My Mental History”:

“I had what might truly be called an object in life: to be a reformer of the world. … This did very well for several years, during which the general improvement going on in the world and the idea of myself as engaged with others in struggling to promote it, seemed enough to fill up an interesting and animated existence. But the time came when I awakened from this as from a dream … In this frame of mind it occurred to me to put the question directly to myself: ‘Suppose that all your objects in life were realized; that all the changes in institutions and opinions that you are looking forward to, could be completely effected at this very instant; would this be a great joy and happiness to you?’ And an irrepressible self-consciousness distinctly answered: ‘No!’”

At that point, this architect of our liberal order, this most penetrating of minds, came to the conclusion: “I seemed to have nothing left to live for.” It took a while for him to recover.

Russell, for his part, abandoned Christianity at the age of 18, for the usual modern reasons, but the question of ultimate meaning still nagged at him. One day, while visiting the sick wife of a colleague, he described what happened: “Suddenly the ground seemed to give away beneath me, and I found myself in quite another region. Within five minutes I went through some such reflections as the following: the loneliness of the human soul is unendurable; nothing can penetrate it except the highest intensity of the sort of love that religious teachers have preached; whatever does not spring from this motive is harmful, or at best useless.”

I suspect that most thinking beings end up with this notion of intense love as a form of salvation and solace as a kind of instinct. Those whose minds have been opened by psychedelics affirm this truth even further. I saw a bumper sticker the other day. It said “Loving kindness is my religion.” But the salient question is: why?

Our modern world tries extremely hard to protect us from the sort of existential moments experienced by Mill and Russell. Netflix, air-conditioning, sex apps, Alexa, kale, Pilates, Spotify, Twitter … they’re all designed to create a world in which we rarely get a second to confront ultimate meaning — until a tragedy occurs, a death happens, or a diagnosis strikes. Unlike any humans before us, we take those who are much closer to death than we are and sequester them in nursing homes, where they cannot remind us of our own fate in our daily lives. And if you pressed, say, the liberal elites to explain what they really believe in — and you have to look at what they do most fervently — you discover, in John Gray’s mordant view of Mill, that they do, in fact, have “an orthodoxy — the belief in improvement that is the unthinking faith of people who think they have no religion.”

But the banality of the god of progress, the idea that the best life is writing explainers for Vox in order to make the world a better place, never quite slakes the thirst for something deeper. Liberalism is a set of procedures, with an empty center, not a manifestation of truth, let alone a reconciliation to mortality. But, critically, it has long been complemented and supported in America by a religion distinctly separate from politics, a tamed Christianity that rests, in Jesus’ formulation, on a distinction between God and Caesar. And this separation is vital for liberalism, because if your ultimate meaning is derived from religion, you have less need of deriving it from politics or ideology or trusting entirely in a single, secular leader. It’s only when your meaning has been secured that you can allow politics to be merely procedural.

So what happens when this religious rampart of the entire system is removed? I think what happens is illiberal politics. The need for meaning hasn’t gone away, but without Christianity, this yearning looks to politics for satisfaction. And religious impulses, once anchored in and tamed by Christianity, find expression in various political cults. These political manifestations of religion are new and crude, as all new cults have to be. They haven’t been experienced and refined and modeled by millennia of practice and thought. They are evolving in real time. And like almost all new cultish impulses, they demand a total and immediate commitment to save the world.

Now look at our politics. We have the cult of Trump on the right, a demigod who, among his worshippers, can do no wrong. And we have the cult of social justice on the left, a religion whose followers show the same zeal as any born-again Evangelical. They are filling the void that Christianity once owned, without any of the wisdom and culture and restraint that Christianity once provided.

For many, especially the young, discovering a new meaning in the midst of the fallen world is thrilling. And social-justice ideology does everything a religion should. It offers an account of the whole: that human life and society and any kind of truth must be seen entirely as a function of social power structures, in which various groups have spent all of human existence oppressing other groups. And it provides a set of practices to resist and reverse this interlocking web of oppression — from regulating the workplace and policing the classroom to checking your own sin and even seeking to control language itself. I think of non-PC gaffes as the equivalent of old swear words. Like the puritans who were agape when someone said “goddamn,” the new faithful are scandalized when someone says something “problematic.” Another commonality of the zealot then and now: humorlessness.

And so the young adherents of the Great Awokening exhibit the zeal of the Great Awakening. Like early modern Christians, they punish heresy by banishing sinners from society or coercing them to public demonstrations of shame, and provide an avenue for redemption in the form of a thorough public confession of sin. “Social justice” theory requires the admission of white privilege in ways that are strikingly like the admission of original sin. A Christian is born again; an activist gets woke. To the belief in human progress unfolding through history — itself a remnant of Christian eschatology — it adds the Leninist twist of a cadre of heroes who jump-start the revolution.

The same cultish dynamic can be seen on the right. There, many profess nominal Christianity and yet demonstrate every day that they have left it far behind. Some exist in a world without meaning altogether, and that fate is never pretty. I saw this most vividly when examining the opioid epidemic. People who have lost religion and are coasting along on materialism find they have few interior resources to keep going when crisis hits. They have no place of refuge, no spiritual safe space from which to gain perspective, no God to turn to. Many have responded to the collapse of meaning in dark times by simply and logically numbing themselves to death, extinguishing existential pain through ever-stronger painkillers that ultimately kill the pain of life itself.

Yes, many Evangelicals are among the holiest and most quietly devoted people out there. Some have bravely resisted the cult. But their leaders have turned Christianity into a political and social identity, not a lived faith, and much of their flock — a staggering 81 percent voted for Trump — has signed on. They have tribalized a religion explicitly built by Jesus as anti-tribal. They have turned to idols — including their blasphemous belief in America as God’s chosen country. They have embraced wealth and nationalism as core goods, two ideas utterly anathema to Christ. They are indifferent to the destruction of the creation they say they believe God made. And because their faith is unmoored but their religious impulse is strong, they seek a replacement for religion. This is why they could suddenly rally to a cult called Trump. He may be the least Christian person in America, but his persona met the religious need their own faiths had ceased to provide. The terrible truth of the last three years is that the fresh appeal of a leader-cult has overwhelmed the fading truths of Christianity.

This is why they are so hard to reach or to persuade and why nothing that Trump does or could do changes their minds. You cannot argue logically with a religion — which is why you cannot really argue with social-justice activists either. And what’s interesting is how support for Trump is greater among those who do not regularly attend church than among those who do.

And so we’re mistaken if we believe that the collapse of Christianity in America has led to a decline in religion. It has merely led to religious impulses being expressed by political cults. Like almost all new cultish impulses, they see no boundary between politics and their religion. And both cults really do minimize the importance of the individual in favor of either the oppressed group or the leader.

And this is how they threaten liberal democracy. They do not believe in the primacy of the individual, they believe the ends justify the means, they do not allow for doubt or reason, and their religious politics can brook no compromise. They demonstrate, to my mind, how profoundly liberal democracy has actually depended on the complement of a tolerant Christianity to sustain itself — as many earlier liberals (Tocqueville, for example) understood.

It is Christianity that came to champion the individual conscience against the collective, which paved the way for individual rights. It is in Christianity that the seeds of Western religious toleration were first sown. Christianity is the only monotheism that seeks no sway over Caesar, that is content with the ultimate truth over the immediate satisfaction of power. It was Christianity that gave us successive social movements, which enabled more people to be included in the liberal project, thus renewing it. It was on these foundations that liberalism was built, and it is by these foundations it has endured. The question we face in contemporary times is whether a political system built upon such a religion can endure when belief in that religion has become a shadow of its future self.

Will the house still stand when its ramparts are taken away? I’m beginning to suspect it can’t. And won’t.


TOPICS: Culture/Society; News/Current Events; Philosophy; Politics/Elections
KEYWORDS: meaning; progressives; progressivism; purpose; religion; secularhumanism; secularism
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To: Nateman

They have turned to idols — including their blasphemous belief in America as God’s chosen country.

God, at different times, chose many other countries over 2 thousand years. He has standards for this backing and he will rescind it when the Standards aren’t met.


21 posted on 12/09/2018 4:48:27 AM PST by TalBlack (It's hard to shoot people when they are shooting back at you...)
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To: DeweyCA

‘U.S., philosopher John Gray puts it this way: “Religion is an attempt to find meaning in events, not a theory that tries to explain the universe.”’

Stopped here, sorry. Theology underlies the “meaning”, and can’t be skipped over. It’s called ERROR. 500-800 years of ERROR has led to the current corruption.


22 posted on 12/09/2018 5:09:41 AM PST by ReaganGeneration2
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To: JennysCool
horrendous Hillary Clinton,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Queen Hillary the Horrendous.

23 posted on 12/09/2018 5:35:54 AM PST by wintertime (Stop treating government teachers like they are reincarnated Mother Teresas!)
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To: DeweyCA
I will take this perceptive article to reiterate what I personally believe is one of the prime causative factors in the dwindling of 'R'eligion in western civilization, Thomas Edison! Unintentionally but most emphatically, Mr Edison's development of electric lights had an unexpected but very real effect of hiding the night sky from the urban & suburban dweller.

Consider the unencumbered night sky, that sightline into infinity. Would Psalm 8:1-4 have been written by a modern city dweller? Almost certainly not!

1 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!
who hast set thy glory above the heavens.
2 Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies,
that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger.
3 When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers,
the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
4 what is man, that thou art mindful of him?
and the son of man, that thou visitest him?

From the dawn of humanity till the dawn of the 20th Century, even in the gas-lit cities, anyone could and would be seeing the vast sky with very little effort. That vast and uncaring sky, infinite and cold lurks with the attendant dangers of the dark that made night the 'scariest' part of the day-cycle. Yet, with Judaism and Christianity and others, we took solace in the knowledge that even in those darkest hours, especially those of the soul, we had the comfort of a caring God!

Alas I cannot see how we can regain what we have lost here to advancing technology. In terms of the immediate benefit to all, electric light has been an immeasurable benefit to all. Here in the United States, there are so few areas that escape 'light pollution' that one almost has to go to the low-population areas of the American West to see much of the unencumbered sky.

Blessing of Hanukah and Christmas to all!

24 posted on 12/09/2018 6:08:06 AM PST by SES1066 (Happiness is a depressed Washington, DC housing market!)
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To: DeweyCA; redleghunter; Springfield Reformer; kinsman redeemer; BlueDragon; metmom; boatbums; ...
I think of non-PC gaffes as the equivalent of old swear words. Like the puritans who were agape when someone said “goddamn,” the new faithful are scandalized when someone says something “problematic.” Another commonality of the zealot then and now: humorlessness. And so the young adherents of the Great Awokening exhibit the zeal of the Great Awakening. Like early modern Christians, they punish heresy by banishing sinners from society or coercing them to public demonstrations of shame, and provide an avenue for redemption in the form of a thorough public confession of sin. “Social justice” theory requires the admission of white privilege in ways that are strikingly like the admission of original sin. A Christian is born again; an activist gets woke.

That part is pretty insightful and good.

if your ultimate meaning is derived from religion, you have less need of deriving it from politics...Yes, many Evangelicals are among the holiest and most quietly devoted people out there. Some have bravely resisted the cult. But their leaders have turned Christianity into a political and social identity, not a lived faith, and much of their flock — a staggering 81 percent voted for Trump — has signed on. They have tribalized a religion explicitly built by Jesus as anti-tribal. They have turned to idols — including their blasphemous belief in America as God’s chosen country. They have embraced wealth and nationalism as core goods, two ideas utterly anathema to Christ. They are indifferent to the destruction of the creation they say they believe God made. And because their faith is unmoored but their religious impulse is strong, they seek a replacement for religion. This is why they could suddenly rally to a cult called Trump. He may be the least Christian person in America, but his persona met the religious need their own faiths had ceased to provide. The terrible truth of the last three years is that the fresh appeal of a leader-cult has overwhelmed the fading truths of Christianity.

That part is skewed. Evangelicals see Christian historicity of the USA and like original shareholders, they have a special interest in preserving and restoring what was lost. Or at least they want a mythical Mayberry America in which morality is esteemed, and one can work play and laugh safely.

But the idea that Trump met the religious need their own faiths had ceased to provide is absurd, except that his refusal to submit to the PC gestapo while expressing commitment to basic issues Evangelicals are committed to placed Trump over the opposition, and overcame the negative moral aspects of himself.

We have the cult of Trump on the right, a demigod who, among his worshippers, can do no wrong

Yes, we do, as on FR, however, the charge that Evangelicals do so by supporting Trump is not sound. In response to The white evangelical lie about Democrats (Upchuck alert) I wrote,

If evangelicals has elected Trump as a church pastor or head of Focus on the Family (though less a ministry than under Dobson) then they would have a case.

Or if evangelicals elected Trump over a Reagan, or if he was a supporter of foundation immorality which was being foisted upon them, and attacking and punishing them for opposing it, and a friend of those who denigrate them as homophobic, Islamophobic, xenophobic, misogynist hatters who will not submit to the politically correct censoring of the “Left,” and which works to seduce votes with the demonic victim-entitlement mentality in promoting a welfare state which increases reliance upon a ever-growing regulatory government - meaning if Trump was a a Hillary - then they would have a case.

But instead they elected a man to a office of civil government who more than any other electable candidate overall supports their side in most basic moral issues and conception of government, and refuses to be cowed by the conniving tactics of intimidation of anti-Christ social and socialist revolutionaries.

In other words, they are willing to overlook the moral failures (real or alleged) and unChristian aspects of the temperament and character of the civil leader of the country that they are pilgrims in, since he is the best (if brash) captain available - along with a Chief officer of notable integrity - to sail the ship on a corrective course, a ship which has already been sabotaged by enemies and who chart a course toward shipwreck. In the light of all of this Trump is an answered prayer, and yet who needs our prayers.

 

25 posted on 12/09/2018 6:18:53 AM PST by daniel1212 (Trust the risen Lord Jesus to save you as a damned and destitute sinner + be baptized + follow Him)
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To: DeweyCA
*sigh*

Hitchens is just another wordy "intellectual" who can't see the difference between Christ and the Devil but endlessly lectures the rest of us on the failings of our faith while equating the various cults of the World, the Flesh, and the Devil to Christianity.

As usual, he comes up with endless rationalities for his own unbelief while shifting the blame of his own empty soul onto the banality of everyone else.

It is tough and unrewarding to be an atheist looking for meaning elsewhere when the truth is right before your very eyes every place you look.

The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of people, who suppress the truth by their wickedness, since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse. (Romans 18-20)

All one needs to do is look around from the massive heavens to the nearly invisible DNA to see the undeniable evidence of God, revealed in the glory, wonder, and complexity of His Creation - a complexity humanity can barely fathom much less fully understand or create.

26 posted on 12/09/2018 6:59:06 AM PST by Gritty (How much blood is Swallwell prepared to shed for his goal of disarming Normal Americans?-K Schlicter)
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To: DeweyCA

‘Many have responded to the collapse of meaning in dark times by simply and logically numbing themselves to death, extinguishing existential pain through ever-stronger painkillers that ultimately kill the pain of life itself.’

what horse hockey; Descartes crystalized the essence of meaningful life in three Latin words: cogito, ergo sum...free thought, the bane of organized religions throughout history...


27 posted on 12/09/2018 7:26:44 AM PST by IrishBrigade
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To: Gritty

‘It is tough and unrewarding to be an atheist looking for meaning elsewhere when the truth is right before your very eyes every place you look.’

I always get a kick out of theists attempting to tell atheists what’s wrong with how they think...kinda like a rhino telling a shark how to swim...


28 posted on 12/09/2018 7:32:00 AM PST by IrishBrigade
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To: DeweyCA; Steve_Seattle

Thanks for posting this. Although, as an agnostic, I too have quibbles with some of his points, overall I think it is a very interesting, thoughtful and somewhat depressing piece.


29 posted on 12/09/2018 7:38:27 AM PST by null and void (Socialist Worker's Party. If they ever get elected, you'll work and they'll party.)
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To: Nateman

Nor should one forget the miracle storm that put out the White House fire and drove the British from Washington DC in 1814.


30 posted on 12/09/2018 7:45:07 AM PST by null and void (Socialist Worker's Party. If they ever get elected, you'll work and they'll party.)
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To: TalBlack
He has standards for this backing and he will rescind it when the Standards aren’t met.

I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just; that his justice cannot sleep forever. ~ Thomas Jefferson

31 posted on 12/09/2018 7:48:35 AM PST by null and void (Socialist Worker's Party. If they ever get elected, you'll work and they'll party.)
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To: IrishBrigade

So I guess you consider yourself to be smarter than both John Stuart Mills and Bertrand Russell (both atheist heroes). Please email all of us when atheist organizations proclaim you to be smarter than them. You display exactly the type of arrogant inflated ego that the Progressives have - one which thinks that they are smarter than everyone else and thus entitled to rule over everyone.


32 posted on 12/09/2018 7:51:13 AM PST by DeweyCA
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To: killermosquito
And super hero movies have replaced the Bible as in inspirational “text.”

I was just thinking the other day the similarities between comic book hero's and Pagan God's. Superman=Hercules, Flash=Mercury, Aqua man = Poseidon etc. (You don't even need an analogy for Thor! He's the same guy complete with his family!)

33 posted on 12/09/2018 7:57:15 AM PST by Nateman (If the left is not screaming, you are doing it wrong)
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To: DeweyCA

>>>“Religion is an attempt to find meaning in events, not a theory that tries to explain the universe.”<<<

No, religion is man’s sordid attempt to somehow appease an angry God on their own terms, while Christianity is a loving God doing everything He can to see that man has a prepared home for eternity in Heaven completely at His own expense.

Unfortunately, the majority would rather do it all themselves to to accept God’s “charity.”


34 posted on 12/09/2018 8:01:48 AM PST by Pilgrim's Progress (http://www.baptistbiblebelievers.com/BYTOPICS/tabid/335/Default.aspx D)
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To: TalBlack
God at different times, chose many other countries over 2 thousand years. He has standards for this backing and he will rescind it when the Standards aren't met.

True , but given the miraculous election of Trump I'd say He has not given up on America yet.

35 posted on 12/09/2018 8:06:26 AM PST by Nateman (If the left is not screaming, you are doing it wrong)
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To: DeweyCA
King David was commended for being a man after God's heart yet some say more fallible than most man. If I'm honest and lived at the time I probably would have exercised discernment and avoided him.

Is God working through Trump? I don't know. Might He be working through Trump? Yes.

That does not a cult make.

36 posted on 12/09/2018 8:21:00 AM PST by Proud_texan (McCarthy was right)
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To: DeweyCA
One thing the author doesn't mention is the growing phenomenon of white people screaming in rage and condemnation at other white people for being white. This is typical of street groups like Antifa, but is now becoming common even on left-wing networks like CNN and MSNBC.

With the proliferation of "white-privilege" seminars in business and government, and in college courses devoted to combatting the purported evil of "whiteness," we have a widespread, well-funded, and mainstream program of racial hatred which is far more influential than the racism of some elements of the alt-right. (In fact, I regard the growth of the alt-right as an inevitable but unfortunate response to the anti-white racial hatred of the left.)

We are now reaching the point where the incoherent contradictions of leftist ideology are becoming untenable even for those who try to follow the rules, and intra-left squabbles seem to be on the rise.
37 posted on 12/09/2018 8:57:55 AM PST by Steve_Seattle
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To: DeweyCA

‘So I guess you consider yourself to be smarter than both John Stuart Mills and Bertrand Russell (both atheist heroes).’

in the post to which you respond, I said nothing about being smarter or stupider than anyone else; additionally the author brought up Mill and Russell, not I...generally, it’s a good idea to address the actual content of a post when responding...


38 posted on 12/09/2018 9:53:23 AM PST by IrishBrigade
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To: JennysCool

Occam’s razor. The simplest explanation is usually the correct one.


39 posted on 12/09/2018 10:17:07 AM PST by aquila48
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To: JennysCool
Their constant attacks on Trump and his voters ever since are nothing but the wailing of spoiled children who didn’t get their way.

Yep, they were supposed to deliver the vote for Hillary and they failed in their mission.

Their whining and belly-aching is really funny.

40 posted on 12/09/2018 10:27:15 AM PST by Slyfox (Not my circus, not my monkeys)
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