hysterical Darwinites panic

The theory of evolution is a tottering house of ideological cards that is more about cherished mythology than honest intellectual endeavor. Evolutionists treat their cherished theory like a fragile object of veneration and worship--and so it is. Panic is a sure sign of intellectual insecurity, and evolutionists have every reason to be insecure, for their theory is falling apart.

The latest evidence of this panic comes in a controversy that followed a highly specialized article published in an even more specialized scientific journal. Stephen C. Meyer, Director of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, wrote an article accepted for publication in Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. The article, entitled "The Origin of Biological Information and the Higher Taxonomic Categories," was published after three independent judges deemed it worthy and ready for publication. The use of such judges is standard operating procedure among "peer-reviewed" academic journals, and is considered the gold standard for academic publication.

The readership for such a journal is incredibly small, and the Biological Society of Washington does not commonly come to the attention of the nation's journalists and the general public. Nevertheless, soon after Dr. Meyer's article appeared, the self-appointed protectors of Darwinism went into full apoplexy. Internet websites and scientific newsletters came alive with outrage and embarrassment, for Dr. Meyer's article suggested that evolution just might not be the best explanation for the development of life forms. The ensuing controversy was greater than might be expected if Dr. Meyer had argued that the world is flat or that hot is cold.

Eugenie C. Scott, Executive Director of the National Center for Science Education, told The Scientist that Dr. Meyer's article came to her attention when members of the Biological Society of Washington contacted her office. "Many members of the society were stunned about the article," she told The Scientist, and she described the article as "recycled material quite common in the intelligent design community." Dr. Scott, a well known and ardent defender of evolutionary theory, called Dr. Meyer's article "substandard science" and argued that the article should never have been published in any scientific journal.

Within days, the Biological Society of Washington, intimidated by the response of the evolutionary defenders, released a statement apologizing for the publication of the article. According to the Chronicle of Higher Education, the society's governing council claimed that the article "was published without the prior knowledge of the council." The statement went on to declare: "We have met and determined that all of us would have deemed this paper inappropriate for the pages of the Proceedings." The society's president, Roy W. McDiarmid, a scientist at the U.S. Geological Survey, blamed the article's publication on the journal's previous editor, Richard Sternberg, who now serves as a fellow at the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the National Institute of Health. "My conclusion on this," McDiarmid said, "was that it was a really bad judgment call on the editor's part."

What is it about Dr. Stephen Meyer's paper that has caused such an uproar? Meyer, who holds a Ph.D. from Cambridge University, argued in his paper that the contemporary form of evolutionary theory now dominant in the academy, known as "Neo-Darwinism," fails to account for the development of higher life forms and the complexity of living organisms. Pointing to what evolutionists identify as the "Cambrian explosion," Meyer argued that "the geologically sudden appearance of many new animal body plans" cannot be accounted for by Darwinian theory, "neo" or otherwise.

Accepting the scientific claim that the Cambrian explosion took place "about 530 million years ago," Meyer went on to explain that the "remarkable jump in the specified complexity or 'complex specified information' [CSI] of the biological world" cannot be explained by evolutionary theory.

The heart of Dr. Meyer's argument is found in this scientifically-loaded passage: "Neo-Darwinism seeks to explain the origin of new information, form, and structure as a result of selection acting on randomly arising variation at a very low level within the biological hierarchy, mainly, within the genetic text. Yet the major morphological innovations depend on a specificity of arrangement at a much higher level of the organizational hierarchy, a level that DNA alone does not determine. Yet if DNA is not wholly responsible for body plan morphogenesis, then DNA sequences can mutate indefinitely, without regard to realistic probabilistic limits, and still not produce a new body plan. Thus, the mechanism of natural selection acting on random mutations in DNA cannot in principle generate novel body plans, including those that first arose in the Cambrian explosion."

In simpler terms, the mechanism of natural selection, central to evolutionary theory, cannot possibly account for the development of so many varied and complex life forms simply by mutations in DNA. Rather, some conscious design--thus requiring a Designer--is necessary to explain the emergence of these life forms.

In the remainder of his paper, Meyer attacks the intellectual inadequacies of evolutionary theory and argues for what is now known as the "design Hypothesis." As he argued, "Conscious and rational agents have, as a part of their powers of purposive intelligence, the capacity to design information-rich parts and to organize those parts into functional information-rich systems and hierarchies." As he went on to assert, "We know of no other causal entity or process that has this capacity." In other words, the development of the multitude of higher life forms found on the planet can be explained only by the guidance of a rational agent--a Designer--whose plan is evident in the design.

Meyer's article was enough to cause hysteria in the evolutionists' camp. Knowing that their theory lacks intellectual credibility, the evolutionists respond by raising the volume, offering the equivalent of scientific shrieks and screams whenever their cherished theory is criticized--much less in one of their own cherished journals. As Dr. John West, Associate Director of the Discovery Institute explained, "Instead of addressing the paper's argument or inviting counterarguments or rebuttal, the society has resorted to affirming what amounts to a doctrinal statement in an effort to stifle scientific debate. They're trying to stop scientific discussion before it even starts."

When the Biological Society of Washington issued its embarrassing apology for publishing the paper, the organization pledged that arguments for Intelligent Design "will not be addressed in future issues of the Proceedings," regardless of whether the paper passes peer review.

From the perspective of panicked evolutionists, the Intelligent Design movement represents a formidable adversary and a constant irritant. The defenders of Intelligent Design are undermining evolutionary theory at multiple levels, and they refuse to go away. The panicked evolutionists respond with name-calling, labeling Intelligent Design proponents as "creationists," thereby hoping to prevent any scientific debate before it starts.

Intelligent Design is not tantamount to the biblical doctrine of creation. Theologically, Intelligent Design falls far short of requiring any affirmation of the doctrine of creation as revealed in the Bible. Nevertheless, it is a useful and important intellectual tool, and a scientific movement with great promise. The real significance of Intelligent Design theory and its related movement is the success with which it undermines the materialistic and naturalistic worldview central to the theory of evolution.

For the Christian believer, the Bible presents the compelling and authoritative case for God's creation of the cosmos. Specifically, the Bible provides us with the ultimate truth concerning human origins and the special creation of human beings as the creatures made in God's own image. Thus, though we believe in more than Intelligent Design, we certainly do not believe in less. We should celebrate the confusion and consternation now so evident among the evolutionists. Dr. Stephen Meyer's article--and the controversy it has spawned--has caught evolutionary scientists with their intellectual pants down.

Authority	Date CE	Form of evidence provided on the development of the canon of the New Testament
Ignatius of Antioch	~110	7 letters with quotations and allusions to Christian writings as scripture. There are no citations by name.
Polycarp of Smyrna	~110	1 letter with ~100 quotations and allusions to Christian writings as scripture. There are no citations by name.
Marcion	~140	founded a sect with its own "New Testament" collection. There was one Gospel, based mostly on the Gospel according to Luke
Valentinus	140-150	Valentinus and his followers - Heracleon, Ptolemy, Marcus - were Gnostic heretics so their doctrines mostly survive in the writings of the orthodox, such as Irenaeus, who summarized the Valentinian views before attacking them. The Gospel of Truth from Nag Hammadi probably derives from the Valentinians, but this is not certain.
Justin Martyr	150-160	many of his writings survive; he was the most prolific Christian writer up to his time.
Irenaeus	~180	two of his writings survive in translations (Latin and Armenian). There are quotations and allusions to Christian writings as scripture, and citations by name.
Clement	180-200	many of his writings survive; in them are about 8000 citations - over 1/3 of them from pagan sources. There are citations by name.
Tertullian	200-210	Tertullian was the most prolific writer of the Latin Fathers in pre-Nicene times (before 325 CE). There are citations by name.
Muratorian Canon	200-300	a manuscript discovered in the Ambrosian Library in Milan with a catalogue (in Latin) of the New Testament writings with comments
Origen	220-350	only a small part of his works survives, but this fills volumes There are citations by name.
Eusebius	300-330	much of the works of Eusebius survives, but here we only use his famous classification in [Eusebius]
codex Sinaiticus	~350	a manuscript discovered in 1859 containing a 4th-century New Testament
Athanasius	~367	his 39th Festal Epistle of 367 CE has a list of canonical books
Didymus the Blind	350-398	some of his exegetical writings have survived, including six commentaries discovered in 1941
Peshitta	~400	a series of manuscripts of the Bible in Syriac including 22 New Testament books
Vulgate	~400	a series of manuscripts (over 10,000) of the Bible in Latin, whose New Testament coincides (more or less) with the present one

LOL.. well duh. My nine year old figured that out. LOL. She has seen my pics of micro- organisms plus the macroscopic world. With no federal funding and no advanced degrees- she figured out it would be statistically impossible no matter how many millions of years for each organism to develop from one common cellular structure. She thought that even after a gamillion years we would be lucky to have a small portion of living organisms today.

Yes, indeed, anti-evolutionist "analysis" is about on the level of sophistication and knowledge as a nine-year-old. Thanks for the example.

Meanwhile, could you ask your little girl for her critique of the following papers? It sure would be a boon to the world of science if your nine-year-old could shed some light on these ongoing productive lines of research. Thanks.

On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells William Martin and Michael J. Russell
Abstract: All life is organized as cells. Physical compartmentation from the environment and self-organization of self-contained redox reactions are the most conserved attributes of living things, hence inorganic matter with such attributes would be life’s most likely forebear. We propose that life evolved in structured iron monosulphide precipitates in a seepage site hydrothermal mound at a redox, pH and temperature gradient between sulphide-rich hydrothermal fluid and iron(II)-containing waters of the Hadean ocean floor. The naturally arising, three-dimensional compartmentation observed within fossilized seepage-site metal sulphide precipitates indicates that these inorganic compartments were the precursors of cell walls and membranes found in free-living prokaryotes. The known capability of FeS and NiS to catalyse the synthesis of the acetyl-methylsulphide from carbon monoxide and methylsulphide, constituents of hydrothermal fluid, indicates that pre-biotic syntheses occurred at the inner surfaces of these metal-sulphide-walled compartments, which furthermore restrained reacted products from diffusion into the ocean, providing sufficient concentrations of reactants to forge the transition from geochemistry to biochemistry. The chemistry of what is known as the RNA-world could have taken place within these naturally forming, catalyticwalled compartments to give rise to replicating systems. Sufficient concentrations of precursors to support replication would have been synthesized in situ geochemically and biogeochemically, with FeS (and NiS) centres playing the central catalytic role. The universal ancestor we infer was not a free-living cell, but rather was confined to the naturally chemiosmotic, FeS compartments within which the synthesis of its constituents occurred. The first free-living cells are suggested to have been eubacterial and archaebacterial chemoautotrophs that emerged more than 3.8 Gyr ago from their inorganic confines. We propose that the emergence of these prokaryotic lineages from inorganic confines occurred independently, facilitated by the independent origins of membrane-lipid biosynthesis: isoprenoid ether membranes in the archaebacterial and fatty acid ester membranes in the eubacterial lineage. The eukaryotes, all of which are ancestrally heterotrophs and possess eubacterial lipids, are suggested to have arisen ca. 2 Gyr ago through symbiosis involving an autotrophic archaebacterial host and a heterotrophic eubacterial symbiont, the common ancestor of mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. The attributes shared by all prokaryotes are viewed as inheritances from their confined universal ancestor. The attributes that distinguish eubacteria and archaebacteria, yet are uniform within the groups, are viewed as relics of their phase of differentiation after divergence from the non-free-living universal ancestor and before the origin of the free-living chemoautotrophic lifestyle. The attributes shared by eukaryotes with eubacteria and archaebacteria, respectively, are viewed as inheritances via symbiosis. The attributes unique to eukaryotes are viewed as inventions specific to their lineage. The origin of the eukaryotic endomembrane system and nuclear membrane are suggested to be the fortuitous result of the expression of genes for eubacterial membrane lipid synthesis by an archaebacterial genetic apparatus in a compartment that was not fully prepared to accommodate such compounds, resulting in vesicles of eubacterial lipids that accumulated in the cytosol around their site of synthesis. Under these premises, the most ancient divide in the living world is that between eubacteria and archaebacteria, yet the steepest evolutionary grade is that between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

And:

The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarine hydrothermal redox and pH front M. J. RUSSELL & A. J. HALL: Department of Geology and Applied Geology, University of Glasgow
Abstract: Here we argue that life emerged on Earth from a redox and pH front at c. 4.2 Ga. This front occurred where hot (c. 150)C), extremely reduced, alkaline, bisulphide-bearing, submarine seepage waters interfaced with the acid, warm (c. 90)C), iron-bearing Hadean ocean. The low pH of the ocean was imparted by the ten bars of CO2 considered to dominate the Hadean atmosphere/hydrosphere. Disequilibrium between the two solutions was maintained by the spontaneous precipitation of a colloidal FeS membrane. Iron monosulphide bubbles comprising this membrane were inflated by the hydrothermal solution upon sulphide mounds at the seepage sites. Our hypothesis is that the FeS membrane, laced with nickel, acted as a semipermeable catalytic boundary between the two fluids, encouraging synthesis of organic anions by hydrogenation and carboxylation of hydrothermal organic primers. The ocean provided carbonate, phosphate, iron, nickel and protons; the hydrothermal solution was the source of ammonia, acetate, HS", H2 and tungsten, as well as minor concentrations of organic sulphides and perhaps cyanide and acetaldehyde. The mean redox potential (ÄEh) across the membrane, with the energy to drive synthesis, would have approximated to 300 millivolts. The generation of organic anions would have led to an increase in osmotic pressure within the FeS bubbles. Thus osmotic pressure could take over from hydraulic pressure as the driving force for distension, budding and reproduction of the bubbles. Condensation of the organic molecules to polymers, particularly organic sulphides, was driven by pyrophosphate hydrolysis. Regeneration of pyrophosphate from the monophosphate in the membrane was facilitated by protons contributed from the Hadean ocean. This was the first use by a metabolizing system of protonmotive force (driven by natural ÄpH) which also would have amounted to c. 300 millivolts. Protonmotive force is the universal energy transduction mechanism of life. Taken together with the redox potential across the membrane, the total electrochemical and chemical energy available for protometabolism amounted to a continuous supply at more than half a volt. The role of the iron sulphide membrane in keeping the two solutions separated was appropriated by the newly synthesized organic sulphide polymers. This organic take-over of the membrane material led to the miniaturization of the metabolizing system. Information systems to govern replication could have developed penecontemporaneously in this same milieu. But iron, sulphur and phosphate, inorganic components of earliest life, continued to be involved in metabolism.

And:

The Path from the RNA World Anthony M. Poole, Daniel C. Jeffares, David Penny: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University
Abstract: We describe a sequential (step by step) Darwinian model for the evolution of life from the late stages of the RNA world through to the emergence of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The starting point is our model, derived from current RNA activity, of the RNA world just prior to the advent of genetically-encoded protein synthesis. By focusing on the function of the protoribosome we develop a plausible model for the evolution of a protein-synthesizing ribosome from a high-fidelity RNA polymerase that incorporated triplets of oligonucleotides. With the standard assumption that during the evolution of enzymatic activity, catalysis is transferred from RNA M RNP M protein, the first proteins in the ``breakthrough organism'' (the first to have encoded protein synthesis) would be nonspecific chaperone-like proteins rather than catalytic. Moreover, because some RNA molecules that pre-date protein synthesis under this model now occur as introns in some of the very earliest proteins, the model predicts these particular introns are older than the exons surrounding them, the ``introns-first'' theory. Many features of the model for the genome organization in the final RNA world ribo-organism are more prevalent in the eukaryotic genome and we suggest that the prokaryotic genome organization (a single, circular genome with one center of replication) was derived from a ``eukaryotic-like'' genome organization (a fragmented linear genome with multiple centers of replication). The steps from the proposed ribo-organism RNA genome M eukaryotic-like DNA genome M prokaryotic-like DNA genome are all relatively straightforward, whereas the transition prokaryotic-like genome M eukaryotic-like genome appears impossible under a Darwinian mechanism of evolution, given the assumption of the transition RNA M RNP M protein. A likely molecular mechanism, ``plasmid transfer,'' is available for the origin of prokaryotic-type genomes from an eukaryotic-like architecture. Under this model prokaryotes are considered specialized and derived with reduced dependence on ssRNA biochemistry. A functional explanation is that prokaryote ancestors underwent selection for thermophily (high temperature) and/or for rapid reproduction (r selection) at least once in their history.

(Note: The above papers are a few years old -- anyone who tries to rebut them without familiarity with the amount of confirmation of those scenarios which has already come flooding in the past few years is only going to make an ass of themselves...)

Also:

The Evolution of Improved Fitness by random mutation plus selection
Ancient Jumping DNA May Have Evolved Into Key Component Of Human Immune System
Transposition mediated by RAG1 and RAG2 and its implications for the evolution of the immune system
Evolution of immune reactions
New insights into V(D)J recombination and its role in the evolution of the immune system
Evolution and developmental regulation of the major histocompatibility complex
Evolution of the IL-6/class IB cytokine receptor family in the immune and nervous systems
Layered evolution in the immune system. A model for the ontogeny and development of multiple lymphocyte lineages
Development of an immune system
The ancestor of the adaptive immune system was the CAM system for organogenesis
The evolutionary origins of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors: possibilities and probabilities
Evolutionary perspectives on amyloid and inflammatory features of Alzheimer disease
Organization of the human RH50A gene (RHAG) and evolution of base composition of the RH gene family.
Molecular evolution of the vertebrate immune system.
Morphostasis: an evolving perspective.
Rapid evolution of immunoglobulin superfamily C2 domains expressed in immune system cells.
Reconstructing the evolution of vertebrate blood coagulation from a consideration of the amino acid sequences of clotting proteins
Evolutionary assembly of blood coagulation proteins
Exon and domain evolution in the proenzymes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis
Evolution of proteolytic enzymes
Evolution of vertebrate fibrin formation and the process of its dissolution.
Common Parasite Overturns Traditional Beliefs About The Evolution And Role Of Hemoglobin
Scientists Discover How Bacteria Protect Themselves Against Immune System
The Evolution of Hemoglobin
Globins in nonvertebrate species: dispersal by horizontal gene transfer and evolution of the structure-function relationships
Reduction of two functional gamma-globin genes to one: an evolutionary trend in New World monkeys
Evolutionary history of introns in a multidomain globin gene
Hemoglobin A2: origin, evolution, and aftermath
Early evolution of microtubules and undulipodia
Flagellar beat patterns and their possible evolution
A temporary flagellate (mastigote) stage in the vahlkampfiid amoeba Willaertia magna and its possible evolutionary significance
The evolutionary origin and phylogeny of eukaryote flagella
Molecular analysis of archael flagellins: similarity to the type IV pilin-transport superfamily widespread in bacteria
Molecular evolution of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of a superfamily of bacterial receptors involved in taxis
Dynein family of motor proteins: present status and future questions
Origins of the nucleate organisms
The evolutionary origin and phylogeny of microtubules, mitotic spindles and eukaryote flagella
The evolution of cellular movement in eukaryotes: the role of microfilaments and microtubules
Kinesin Motor Phylogenetic Tree
Evolution of a dynamic cytoskeleton
Isolation, characterization and evolution of nine pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) actin genes
Evolution of chordate actin genes: evidence from genomic organization and amino acid sequences
Structural comparisons of muscle and nonmuscle actins give insights into the evolution of their functional differences
Molecular evolution of glutamate receptors: a primitive signaling mechanism that existed before plants and animals diverged.
Co-evolution of ligand-receptor pairs in the vasopressin/oxytocin superfamily of bioactive peptides
The evolution of the synapses in the vertebrate central nervous system
Evolutionary origins of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps in bacteria.
A comprehensive evolutionary analysis based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormone gene family.
The puzzle of the Krebs citric acid cycle: assembling the pieces of chemically feasible reactions, and opportunism in the design of metabolic pathways during evolution
The evolution of metabolic cycles
Evolution of the first metabolic cycles
Chemical evolution of the citric acid cycle: sunlight photolysis of the amino acids glutamate and aspartate
Speculations on the origin and evolution of metabolism
The Molecular Anatomy of an Ancient Adaptive Event
New prospects for deducing the evolutionary history of metabolic pathways in prokaryotes: aromatic biosynthesis as a case-in-point
Biochemical pathways in prokaryotes can be traced backward through evolutionary time
Enzyme specialization during the evolution of amino acid biosynthetic pathways
Enzyme recruitment in evolution of new function
Evolution of glycolysis
Bioenergetics: the evolution of molecular mechanisms and the development of bioenergetic concepts
Theoretical approaches to the evolutionary optimization of glycolysis--chemical analysis
The evolution of kinetoplastid glycosomes
Stepwise molecular evolution of bacterial photosynthetic energy conversion
Evolution of photosynthetic reaction centers and light harvesting chlorophyll proteins
Evolution of photosynthetic reaction centers
Early evolution of photosynthesis: clues from nitrogenase and chlorophyll iron proteins
Evolution of the control of pigment and plastid development in photosynthetic organisms
Chemical evolution of photosynthesis
Molecular evolution of ruminant lysozymes
Adaptive evolution of lysozyme: changes in amino acid sequence, regulation
of expression and gene number
Evolution of stomach lysozyme: the pig lysozyme gene
The evolution of trichromatic color vision by opsin gene duplication in New World and Old World primates
The Evolution of Color Vision
Molecular basis for tetrachromatic color vision
Molecular evolution of the Rh3 gene in Drosophila
Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. Gene characterization, protein repeat structure, and its evolution
Spectral tuning and molecular evolution of rod visual pigments in the species flock of cottoid fish in Lake Baikal
The evolution of rhodopsins and neurotransmitter receptors
Optimization, constraint, and history in the evolution of eyes
A pessimistic estimate of the time required for an eye to evolve
Sequence analysis of teleost retina-specific lactate dehydrogenase C: evolutionary implications for the vertebrate lactate dehydrogenase gene family
The eye of the blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi): regressive evolution at the molecular level
The evolution of eyes.
Programming the Drosophila embryo
Evolution of chordate hox gene clusters
Hox genes in brachiopods and priapulids and protostome evolution.
Radical evolutionary change possible in a few generations
Evolution Re-Sculpted Animal Limbs By Genetic Switches Once Thought Too Drastic For Survival
Flatworms Are Oldest Living Ancestors To Those Of Us With Right And Left Sides Researchers Report In Science
The origin and evolution of animal appendages
Hox genes in evolution: protein surfaces and paralog groups
Evolution of the insect body plan as revealed by the Sex combs reduced expression pattern
Sea urchin Hox genes: insights into the ancestral Hox cluster
Theoretical approaches to the analysis of homeobox gene evolution
Teleost HoxD and HoxA genes: comparison with tetrapods and functional evolution of the HOXD complex
Evolutionary origin of insect wings from ancestral gills
Tracing backbone evolution through a tunicate's lost tail
Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes
Modification of expression and cis-regulation of Hoxc8 in the evolution of diverged axial morphology.
The ParaHox gene cluster is an evolutionary sister of the Hox gene cluster.
Gene duplications in evolution of archaeal family B DNA polymerases
Adaptive amino acid replacements accompanied by domain fusion in reverse transcriptase
Molecular evolution of genes encoding ribonucleases in ruminant species
Studies on the sites expressing evolutionary changes in the structure of eukaryotic 5S ribosomal RNA
Evolution of a Transfer RNA Gene Through a Point Mutation in the Anticodon
Archaeal translation initiation revisited: the initiation factor 2 and eukaryotic initiation factor 2B alpha-beta-delta subunit families
Universally conserved translation initiation factors
Genetic code in evolution: switching species-specific aminoacylation with a peptide transplant
Evolution of transcriptional regulatory elements within the promoter of a mammalian gene.
Codon reassignment and amino acid composition in hemichordate mitochondria.
Reconstructing the evolution of vertebrate blood coagulation from a consideration of the amino acid sequences of clotting proteins
Determining divergence times of the major kingdoms of living organisms with a protein clock
The multiplicity of domains in proteins
Characterization, primary structure, and evolution of lamprey plasma albumin
The origins and evolution of eukaryotic proteins
Evolution of vertebrate fibrin formation and the process of its dissolution.
Vastly Different Virus Families May Be Related
Selective sweep of a newly evolved sperm-specific gene in Drosophila
Activated acetic acid by carbon fixation on (Fe,Ni)S under primordial conditions
Molecular evolution of the histidine biosynthetic pathway
Accelerated evolution in inhibitor domains of porcine elafin family members
Tandem arrangement of the human serum albumin multigene family in the sub-centromeric region of 4q: evolution and chromosomal direction of transcription
The B12-dependent ribonucleotide reductase from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophila: an evolutionary solution to the ribonucleotide reductase conundrum
Ancient divergence of long and short isoforms of adenylate kinase: molecular evolution of the nucleoside monophosphate kinase family
Convergent evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins in Antarctic notothenioid fish and Arctic cod
Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish
Evolution of an antifreeze glycoprotein
A model for the evolution of the plastid sec apparatus inferred from secY gene phylogeny
The evolutionary history of the amylase multigene family in Drosophila pseudoobscura
Accelerated evolution of Trimeresurus okinavensis venom gland phospholipase A2 isozyme-encoding genes
The evolution of an allosteric site in phosphorylase
Molecular evolution of fish neurohypophysial hormones: neutral and selective evolutionary mechanisms
Pseudogenes in ribonuclease evolution: a source of new biomacromolecular function?
Evolution of hemopoietic ligands and their receptors. Influence of positive selection on correlated replacements throughout ligand and receptor proteins
Evolutionary relationships of the carbamoylphosphate synthetase genes
The molecular evolution of the small heat-shock proteins in plants
Phylogenetic analysis of carbamoylphosphate synthetase genes: complex evolutionary history includes an internal duplication within a gene which can root the tree of life
Duplication and functional divergence in the chalcone synthase gene family of Asteraceae: evolution with substrate change and catalytic simplification
Evolutionary history of the 11p15 human mucin gene family.
Molecular evolution of the aldo-keto reductase gene superfamily.
Molecular evolution allows bypass of the requirement for activation loop phosphorylation of the Cdc28 cyclin-dependent kinase.
A Classification of Possible Routes of Darwinian Evolution
Generation of evolutionary novelty by functional shift
Mobile DNA Sequences Could Be The Cause Of Chromosomal Mutations During The Evolution Of Species
A domain model for eukaryotic DNA organization: a molecular basis for cell differentiation and chromosome evolution.
The domain model for eukaryotic DNA organization. 2: A molecular basis for constraints on development and evolution.
Minor Shuffle Makes Protein Fold
Genetic Stowaways May Contribute To Evolutionary Change
Evolutionary Molecular Mechanism In Mammals Found
Complete Genomes
Genetic redundancy caused by gene duplications and its evolution in networks of transcriptional regulators
Strong evolutionary conservation of broadly expressed protein isoforms in the troponin I gene family and other vertebrate gene families
Cases of ancient mobile element DNA insertions that now affect gene regulation
Punctuated evolution caused by selection of rare beneficial mutations
The origin of programmed cell death
The origin and early development of biological catalysts
DNA secondary structures and the evolution of hypervariable tandem arrays
Episodic adaptive evolution of primate lysozymes
Genome plasticity as a paradigm of eubacteria evolution
Evolutionary motif and its biological and structural significance
Neutral and nonneutral mutations: the creative mix--evolution of complexity in gene interaction systems
Exon shuffling and other ways of module exchange
Introns and gene evolution
New Drosophila introns originate by duplication.
Evolution and the structural domains of proteins
The role of constrained self-organization in genome structural evolution
A possible origin of newly-born bacterial genes: significance of GC-rich nonstop frame on antisense strand
The coevolution of gene family trees
The evolution of metabolic cycles
The emergence of major cellular processes in evolution
A hardware interpretation of the evolution of the genetic code
Speculations on the origin and evolution of metabolism
Probabilistic reconstruction of ancestral protein sequences
The contribution of slippage-like processes to genome evolution
Molecular evolution in bacteria
The structural basis of molecular adaptation.
Mitochondrial DNA: molecular fossils in the nucleus
Cases of ancient mobile element DNA insertions that now affect gene regulation
Tiggers and DNA transposon fossils in the human genome
The eye of the blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi): regressive evolution at the molecular level
Tiggers and DNA transposon fossils in the human genome
Gene competition and the possible evolutionary role of tumours
New Scientist Planet Science: Replaying life
Molecular evolution of an arsenate detoxification pathway by DNA shuffling
UB Researcher Developing Method That Employs Evolution To Develop New Drug Leads
Directed evolution of a type I antifreeze protein expressed in Escherichia coli with sodium chloride as selective pressure and its effect on antifreeze tolerance
Directed evolution of biosynthetic pathways. Recruitment of cysteine thioethers for constructing the cell wall of Escherichia coli
Exploring the functional robustness of an enzyme by in vitro evolution
Evolutionary algorithms in computer-aided molecular design
Mutations to the Rescue
Evolution of Enzymes for the Metabolism of New Chemical Inputs into the Environment
Evolution of Amino Acid Metabolism Inferred through Cladistic Analysis
Integrating the Universal Metabolism into a Phylogenetic Analysis
Invertebrate Data Predict an Early Emergence of Vertebrate Fibrillar Collagen Clades and an Anti-incest Model
Tachykinin and Tachykinin Receptor of an Ascidian, Ciona intestinalis: EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN OF THE VERTEBRATE TACHYKININ FAMILY
DNA Replication Fidelity
Serial segmental duplications during primate evolution result in complex human genome architecture
Phylogeny determined by protein domain content
Evolutionary Genomics of Nuclear Receptors: From Twenty-Five Ancestral Genes to Derived Endocrine Systems
Gene Loss, Protein Sequence Divergence, Gene Dispensability, Expression Level, and Interactivity Are Correlated in Eukaryotic Evolution
The Evolution of Controlled Multitasked Gene Networks: The Role of Introns and Other Noncoding RNAs in the Development of Complex Organisms
Phylogenetic Dating and Characterization of Gene Duplications in Vertebrates: The Cartilaginous Fish Reference
Dating the Tree of Life
An Insect Molecular Clock Dates the Origin of the Insects and Accords with Palaeontological and Biogeographic Landmarks
Diversity, taxonomy and evolution of medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily
Molecular archaeology of the Escherichia coli genome
Comparative Genomics of the Eukaryotes
Millions of Years of Evolution Preserved: A Comprehensive Catalog of the Processed Pseudogenes in the Human Genome
Asymmetric Sequence Divergence of Duplicate Genes
The Genetic Core of the Universal Ancestor
Evolutionary History of Chromosome 20
The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of Scenedesmus obliquus Reflects an Intermediate Stage in the Evolution of the Green Algal Mitochondrial Genome
Reconstructing large regions of an ancestral mammalian genome in silico
Occurrence and Consequences of Coding Sequence Insertions and Deletions in Mammalian Genomes
The Origin of Human Chromosome 1 and Its Homologs in Placental Mammals
Sister grouping of chimpanzees and humans as revealed by genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of brain gene expression profiles
Genome Evolution at the Genus Level: Comparison of Three Complete Genomes of Hyperthermophilic Archaea
The Evolution of Trichromatic Color Vision by Opsin Gene Duplication in New World and Old World Primates
Obcells as Proto-Organisms: Membrane Heredity, Lithophosphorylation, and the Origins of the Genetic Code, the First Cells, and Photosynthesis (Journal of Molecular Evolution, Volume 53 - Number 4/5, 2001)
N-Carbamoyl Amino Acid Solid-Gas Nitrosation by NO/NO_x: A New Route to Oligopeptides via alpha-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydride. Prebiotic Implications (Journal of Molecular Evolution, Volume 48 - Number 6, 1999
Chemical interactions between amino acid and RNA: multiplicity of the levels of specificity explains origin of the genetic code (Naturwissenschaften, Volume 89 Number 12 December 2002)
The Nicotinamide Biosynthetic Pathway Is a By-Product of the RNA World (Journal of Molecular Evolution, Volume 52 - Number 1, 2001)
On the RNA World: Evidence in Favor of an Early Ribonucleopeptide World
Inhibition of Ribozymes by Deoxyribonucleotides and the Origin of DNA
Genetic Code Origin: Are the Pathways of Type Glu-tRNAGln to Gln-tRNAGln Molecular Fossils or Not?
Researchers Engineer A Way To Improve T-Cell Receptors
Digital Organisms Give Life To Questions Of Evolution
Lies, Damned lies, Statistics, and Probability of Abiogenesis Calculations
Purdue Study Breathes New Life Into Question Of How Life Began
Ammonia From The Earth's Deep Oceans A Key Step In The Search For Life's Origins
Whitehead Study Supports Existence Of Ancient RNA World Helps Provide Insight Into Early Evolution Of Life
Yale Scientists Recreate Molecular Fossils Now Extinct That May Have Existed At The Beginning Of Life
A whole old world
The path from the RNA world.
Relics from the RNA world.
A supersymmetric model for the evolution of the genetic code.
The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote.
Kick-start for life on earth
The Beginnings of Life on Earth
Are the Odds Against the Origin of Life Too Great to Accept? : Addenda to Review of David Foster's The Philosophical Scientists

Really, the world of science is just dying for further helpful insights from your child on these active research topics. Please have her review these and get back to us with her dissertations on them. As your nine-year-old points out, evolution "obviously" couldn't have happened, so something *must* be wrong with all of these findings -- please have your nine-year-old identify the errors for us.

And that goes for the rest of the anti-evolution know-it-alls on this thread as well. Come on, folks, show us what ya got. Since you're such self-proclaimed experts on evolutionary biology, this should be a piece of cake for y'all. Now's your chance, go for it. If evolution is the nonsense you claim it is, feel free to point out what's wrong with each of these papers, and what theory you've got that better explains the results and observations (*ALL* of them, not just one or two isolated observations).

Once you've finished with those, I'll post a few thousand more for you, but hey, that should be no problem for you "experts", you've got it all figured out already, right?

[185JHP wrote:] The hoax is circling the drain. Nothing scientific rests on the hoax, which is a good thing b/c it's laughable nonsense, built on jibberjabber jargn: Blahblahblah "DNA" blahblahblah...

I'm truly impressed with the level of knowledge, rational argument, and unassailable evidence shown by the anti-evolutionists. How could I ever have doubted that you folks truly grasp a century-and-a-half of scientific knowledge well enough to be in a position to critique an entire field of science and declare it completely void of validity in its entirety? Clearly, you've been right all along, and those millions of biologists who have spent their entire careers studying this topic are foolishly mistaken in every respect. I'm really impressed with the way you folks have made your case.

Oh, wait, no I'm not.

...do you ever even *listen* to yourselves? Your towering arrogance on this subject is only equalled by your vast ignorance of it.

Attacking a field of knowledge that you barely know -- and much of what you "know" is wrong thanks to creationist misinformation -- is a waste of *everyone's* time, including your own. Stop mouthing off without knowing what in the hell you're talking about. A lot of us have better things to do than correct all the misinformation y'all spew here on a regular basis. And acting like frothing scientific illiterates (okay, maybe it's *not* an act) really does *not* help the conservative cause -- it turns off large numbers of potential Republican voters in the same way (and for the same reasons) as the wackjob/enviro/feminist/"new-age"/crystal-healing/holistic/etc. "don't-confuse-me-with-science" folks turn off potential Democrat voters.

So if you really do care about conservatism -- go find a new hobby...

Until momincombatboots's little girl knows the difference between an endogenous retrovirus and a retroposon -- and can cogently discuss the pros and cons of maximum parsimony bootstrap consensus tree analysis of each -- (among a ton of other skills and types of evidence) she is *really* unlikely to be able to add any novel insights to the current body of scientific knowledge on this subject. And yes, that goes for you other anti-evolutionists in the peanut gallery as well. You really, really don't understand this topic even a fraction as well as you believe you do.

But maybe you can help me with a question I've been unable to answer: Why is it that folks who wouldn't dream of thinking that they knew enough to attempt to identify any flaws in (for example) quantum physics, have no problem at all feeling "qualified" to "disprove" or outright dismiss just about *everything* in evolutionary biology?

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I and II Thessalonians	~50 CE
I and II Corinthians	54-56
Galatians	~56
Romans	56-57
Colossians	~61
Philemon	~61
Philippians	~62
Gospel according to Mark	65-70
Gospel according to Matthew	80-85
Acts and Gospel according to Luke	85-90
Hebrews	85-90
Gospel according to John	90-100
Revelation of John	~95
Ephesians, James, and I Peter	95-100
I, II, and III John	100-110
I and II Timothy and Titus	110-130
Jude, II Peter	130-150

The New Testament Books (canonical)

Early Christian Authorities