Posted on 07/16/2026 9:24:08 AM PDT by nickcarraway
Be Careful What You Write Online: ‘Dark Triad’ Traits Are Detectable, Facebook Study Shows
In a Nutshell
*A new study found machine learning can estimate where people fall on the Dark Triad traits (narcissism,
*Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) from Facebook posts.
*No single model proved reliably better or worse than the others on systematic prediction errors (bias); the gaps between models on that measure were small and statistically negligible.
*Words people use in social media posts, especially language tied to perception, action, and emotional tone, were consistently among the strongest signals linking text to Dark Triad traits.
Every time someone fires off a Facebook status update, they may be revealing far more about themselves than they realize. A study published in the Journal of Research in Personality found that machine learning, the same type of artificial intelligence that powers recommendation algorithms and spam filters, can predict where people fall on three of the most socially concerning personality traits, using nothing more than the words they post on social media.
Those three traits belong to what psychologists call the “Dark Triad”: narcissism, a sense of grandiosity and entitlement; Machiavellianism, a tendency toward manipulation and deceitfulness; and psychopathy, impulsiveness and a lack of empathy. Research has linked these traits to aggression, dishonesty, poor relationships, and harmful behavior, though, interestingly, also to things like career success and leadership roles. Being able to estimate where people land on these traits, at scale, using their own social media posts, raises serious questions about privacy, ethics, and just how much digital footprints give a person away.
Inside the Dark Triad Study
To run the experiment, researchers reached for a ready-made collection of data. It held the 15 most recent Facebook status updates from each person, paired with their answers to three well-known personality quizzes, one for each Dark Triad trait.
Volunteers signed up through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, a website where people earn a little money doing small online tasks. Of the 304 who started, some were dropped for being under 18, not speaking English, or writing fewer than 100 words in total. That left 266 people, on average about 27 years old, with the youngest 18 and the oldest 62. Just over 60 percent were women.
Next came the part where a computer learns to read. Rather than judging posts the way a friend might, the software counted words and sorted them into buckets. One tool matched each post against a huge dictionary that ties words to feelings, thinking styles, and social life. Others tracked emotional words, whether the tone leaned positive or negative, and how much a person’s vocabulary varied from post to post. Add in each writer’s age and gender, and every program studied the same 144 clues about each person.
Seven Programs Compete to Predict Dark Triad Traits
Seven programs went into the ring, from a bare-bones method called Linear Regression up to fancier ones. Random Forest, the eventual standout, works a bit like polling a crowd: it builds a whole forest of small decision-making steps, then lets them vote on an answer.
Judging was simple. A program scored well if its guesses landed close to a person’s real quiz results, and poorly if they missed by a lot.
Random Forest won for all three traits, guessing closest for narcissism, manipulation, and psychopathy alike. Plain Linear Regression trailed badly, suggesting that the more flexible programs handled this particular set of language and demographic clues better. In a series of one-on-one matchups, Random Forest beat its rivals by a clear margin in 15 of 18 tries, a record none of the others came near.
One thing evened out across the board: when researchers checked whether the programs tended to guess too high or too low, all seven were about the same. No method was meaningfully more lopsided than another.
Words That Hint at Dark Triad Traits
Researchers also looked at which kinds of words did the heavy lifting for each trait, and the picture differed from one to the next. For psychopathy, the strongest recurring signals included language about perception and action, along with swearing. Language, not age or gender, carried almost all the weight here.
Narcissism split the difference. Age and gender mattered about as much as word choice, and the recurring language signals centered on chatter, tech talk, and heavy use of exclamation points.
Manipulation, the Machiavellian streak, leaned most on age and gender, with word choice close behind. Emotional language rounded things out, especially words tied to disgust and a sour mood, along with talk of wanting and getting.
Researchers stress this part is a first look, not a finished map of how these traits surface in the words people write.
Big Potential, Bigger Cautions Study authors do not shy away from the ethical weight here. Any real-world use of this kind of tool, they warn, should protect privacy, ask permission first, and serve as a hint that helps a human decide, never a label slapped on a person. Employers, for instance, might one day screen job applicants with their consent, hoping to steer clear of hiring someone likely to cause harm. Even that, the authors say, would have to be handled with real care, given the legal and ethical minefield involved.
A few big caveats come with all of this. Just 266 people took part, a small group, and the programs ran on their factory settings rather than being tuned for the job, which may have held some of the stronger ones back. Volunteers also came from a single online-gig website, a crowd that tends to run younger and more internet-savvy than the public at large. Whether the same tricks would work on a bigger, more varied group is still anyone’s guess.
Still, one message comes through. What people believe they are sharing online and what they are actually giving away may be two very different things. A handful of status updates, fed to the right program, can hint at where someone lands on traits that shape trust, work, and relationships. Random Forest happened to read those hints best this time around, but on a small, early-stage sample, a strong showing is a promising start, not the last word.
Disclaimer: This article is for general information only. The study’s models estimated personality questionnaire scores and should not be used to diagnose or label individuals.
Limitations
Several limitations are flagged by the authors themselves. Their analysis used only three word-analysis dictionaries, which may not fully capture the range of language used on social media. All machine learning models were run with default settings rather than being fine-tuned, which could have artificially advantaged simpler models and disadvantaged more complex ones, potentially skewing the comparisons between them. RMSE scores are meaningful only relative to each other and cannot be interpreted in absolute terms as a standalone measure of accuracy. Personality questionnaires used in the study are not the most current versions available, and newer instruments exist that measure all three Dark Triad traits in a single unified scale. A combined feature set of 144 variables was large, and some features may have been redundant or minimally useful. Finally, the study did not include Sadism as a fourth trait, limiting its scope to the Dark Triad rather than the broader Dark Tetrad model.
Funding and Disclosures
Authors declared no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work. No funding sources were identified in the provided content. The study was not preregistered. Authors noted they did not collect the data themselves but conducted a secondary analysis of a dataset originally collected by other researchers, and accordingly will not make the data or analysis scripts publicly available.
Publication Details
Paper Title: Comparing machine learning methods for predicting dark triad personality traits using social media text data
Authors: Maxim Leberecht, Andre Nedderhoff, Steffen Zitzmann, Martin Hecht
Affiliations: Helmut Schmidt University, University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Germany (Leberecht, Nedderhoff, Hecht); Medical School Hamburg, Germany (Zitzmann)
Journal: Journal of Research in Personality, Volume 120, 2026, Article 104690
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104690
Published online: December 24, 2025
Can Freerepublic automatically check member’s posts every month and add a label next to user name showing what we are?
In addition to those three have AI check for (obnoxious, Russian influencer, leftist mole, and inflammatory bastard)
>> What if you’re just obnoxious? 😆
Then you’re a lazy underachiever. Aim higher.
LOL!
Now the question is, if AI is analyzing my posts, will it attribute your words to me because I referenced them? Will AI think I am gay because I used the word "analyzing", which contains the word "anal"? Et cetera. Let the First Amendment lawsuits commence.
Q. Will AI think I am narcissistic because I used the word "commence" instead of "begin"?
Nobody will learn anything from my Facebook posts...because there aren’t any.
Hell, I can do that
“Can AI be psychopathic?”
If it is programmed by physopaths, I would say, yes.
Seems like that's about 50% of regular posters these days.
Humans can tell if AI was programed by an orangutan with a stud in his tongue or a Barbary ape with purple hair...
“What does it say if you don’t use social media?”
FR is social media
…For psychopathy, the strongest recurring signals included language about perception and action, along with swearing. …
Not really ... We are anonymous here ...
50/50 shot. Take it.
This sort of thing is why I never post to the Internet.
I would bet most women are better at it then AI.
Not sure but it appears they can spot such things from a distance?.
“Aim Higher” ?
Air Force ad?
Run this on Free Republic posters!
And remember, just because you are not a psychopath or narcissist does not mean you are not crazy in some other way.
Our new AI surveillance state overlord will make sure everyone is guilty of something. Show it the email and it will show you the crime.
This program can not do that.
And what color of post-it notes you choose does not mean you have serial killer tendencies.
People really need to stop being so excessively credulous.
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