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MIT uses 10,000 ultracold atoms to settle 98-year debate between Einstein and Bohr
Interesting Engineering ^ | July 28, 2025 | Mrigakshi Dixit

Posted on 07/29/2025 10:51:44 PM PDT by SunkenCiv

Scientists have long grappled with a fundamental question: what exactly is light?

Is it a wave, flowing like ripples across water, or is it made up of tiny particles, like miniature paintballs zipping through space?

This fundamental question was at the heart of the double-slit experiment, demonstrating light's dual nature.

Just recently, physicists at MIT conducted an experiment using incredible atomic precision.

Interestingly, it has definitively resolved a long-standing debate between quantum giants Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr about the elusive nature of light...

Einstein believed he could devise an experiment to observe light's particle path and wave interference simultaneously.

Bohr, leveraging the uncertainty principle, argued that any attempt to measure the photon's path would inevitably disturb it and destroy the interference pattern.

Over the decades, many versions of the double-slit experiment have confirmed Bohr's view.

But now, MIT physicists, led by Professor Wolfgang Ketterle, have performed the most "idealized" version yet, taking it to its quantum core.

Instead of physical slits, they used individual ultracold atoms as the "slits."

The team cooled over 10,000 atoms to near absolute zero and arranged them in a precise, crystal-like lattice using lasers. Each atom was effectively an isolated, identical slit.

They then shone a very weak light beam, ensuring that "each atom scattered at most one photon."

The scientists hypothesized that their setup -- using individual atoms precisely arranged -- could serve as a miniature double-slit experiment...

They discovered a clear relationship: the more precisely they determined a photon's path (confirming its particle-like behavior), the more the wave-like interference pattern faded.

(Excerpt) Read more at interestingengineering.com ...


TOPICS: Astronomy; Science
KEYWORDS: atoms; bohr; doubleslitexperiment; einstein; mit; mrigakshidixit; physics; quantummechanics; science; stringtheory

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In the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, everything is described by a wave-function. But according to Bohmian mechanics, quantum mechanics actually describes point-like particles that follow a guiding wave. In a recent paper, physicists ruled out Bohmian mechanics, settling a 70 years long debate. Let's take a look. 
New Experiment Rules out Bohmian Mechanics. It's Serious. | 7:12 
Sabine Hossenfelder | 1.71M subscribers | 286,780 views | July 20, 2025 | Members first on July 18, 2025
New Experiment Rules out Bohmian Mechanics. It's Serious. | 7:12 | Sabine Hossenfelder | 1.71M subscribers | 286,780 views | July 20, 2025 | Members first on July 18, 2025


1 posted on 07/29/2025 10:51:44 PM PDT by SunkenCiv
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To: 6SJ7; AdmSmith; AFPhys; Arkinsaw; allmost; aristotleman; autumnraine; bajabaja; ...
Thanks for the link!


· List topics · post a topic · subscribe · Google ·

2 posted on 07/29/2025 10:52:33 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (The moron troll Ted Holden believes that humans originated on Ganymede.)
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To: SunkenCiv

A quantum particle exists only as a mathematical probability, whose location is impossible to predict by any other means until after it is detected. This is something Einstein had a problem with.


3 posted on 07/29/2025 11:00:16 PM PDT by Telepathic Intruder
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To: SunkenCiv

Spoiler alert: Bohr is correct.


4 posted on 07/29/2025 11:07:00 PM PDT by Doctor Congo
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To: SunkenCiv

Experiment points out that quantum reality is counterintuitive!

Is that the end of math and logic when thinking about very small “under the surface” phenomena?


5 posted on 07/29/2025 11:18:57 PM PDT by Getready (Wisdom is more valuable than gold and harder to find. )
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To: Doctor Congo

Can we then quickly call it Nielsism? Or just Bohring light?


6 posted on 07/29/2025 11:20:50 PM PDT by Waverunner (Torah! Torah! Torah! my favorite IDF radio code.)
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To: SunkenCiv

So that’s why placebos work!


7 posted on 07/29/2025 11:39:21 PM PDT by tired&retired (Blessings )
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To: Getready

So then G-d does indeed “play dice with the universe?”

I don’t think we have seen the end of this issue quite yet.


8 posted on 07/30/2025 12:25:47 AM PDT by Blennos (This is the official Blennos tagline. Thanks to Big Red Badger. )
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To: SunkenCiv

Great article. Thanks for posting...


9 posted on 07/30/2025 12:31:48 AM PDT by Bobalu (They have sown the wind, and shall reap the whirlwind)
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To: SunkenCiv

I remember years of observing what was depicted: The electron circling the neucleus.

Then “professors” began to get quantum-ly excited - they could not wait to bash that model, and wreck its simplicity.

PS. Related hint/tip: We see, that which emits light.


10 posted on 07/30/2025 12:38:04 AM PDT by linMcHlp
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To: linMcHlp

I also remember when I correctly spelled “nucleus”?


11 posted on 07/30/2025 12:38:54 AM PDT by linMcHlp
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To: SunkenCiv

“light exists as both a particle and a wave”

I’m no Einstein on physics like self proclaimed climate change expert AOC, but I don’t see the problem here. It’s a particle that travels through space in a wave. So what’s the issue? Are they saying particles are not suppose to travel in waves? I don’t get it.


12 posted on 07/30/2025 1:09:18 AM PDT by GrandJediMasterYoda (As long as Hillary Clinton remains free, the USA will never have equal justice under the law)
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To: GrandJediMasterYoda
The point that Bohr made was that the uncertainty principle is fundamental and not just a limitation on our measurement of wave and particle behavior. Or, to put it another way, at the quantum level, there are no waves or particles until we observe the behavior conjured out of the possibilities offered at the quantum level.

One might think of the effect as being if a teacher in a ceramics class were to assign his students to make either a cup or a saucer in that day's session. At the end of day, an observer can count the numbers of cups and saucers made, giving tangible reality to the exercise. Yet before the teacher gives his instructions and they are carried out, there are no cups or saucers waiting off stage, only the idea and intention in the mind of the teacher that cups and saucers be made that day in class.

I think that the deeper philosophical point is that all things material are willed into existence by a creative force, with us adding our small part.

13 posted on 07/30/2025 1:50:31 AM PDT by Rockingham
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To: Doctor Congo

Bohr always being correct is Bohring.


14 posted on 07/30/2025 1:53:24 AM PDT by Jonty30 (My mom is half French. Her mother and father are French, but she lost her legs in a car accident.)
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To: GrandJediMasterYoda

Scientists dont like uncertainty, but uncertainty is how light travels. They want to nail down when it travels in photons and when it travels in waves

It could be important in computer science as chips get smaller. Should the day come when he have to abandon material altogether as chips get smaller, being able to control light with enough precision to decide whether it will be a wave or a particle will result in the fastest possible computers.


15 posted on 07/30/2025 2:00:06 AM PDT by Jonty30 (My mom is half French. Her mother and father are French, but she lost her legs in a car accident.)
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To: GrandJediMasterYoda

It’s not that the particle travels in a wave. It is that the particle is a wave.

If you had a stream of particles traveling in a wave hitting a wall with two slits and those slits were separated by less than wavelength, it is easy to imagine a portion of the particles going through one slit and a portion going through the other.

However, if you sent one particle, travelling in a wave it could would go through one slit or the other, depending on where it was in the wave when it hit the wall.

The weird thing about light is that the single photon can go through both slits. It can even cause and interfere pattern with itself on the other side. So long as you don’t attempt to observe it before it goes through the slits. If you observe the photon prior to it reaching the slits then it will go through one or the other but not both.


16 posted on 07/30/2025 2:04:55 AM PDT by sipow
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To: SunkenCiv

There’s nothing like quantum reality to bring you down to earth.


17 posted on 07/30/2025 2:48:56 AM PDT by equaviator (Nobody's perfect. That's why they put pencils on erasers!)
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To: SunkenCiv

FWLIW at team trivia last Thursday, we won the tie breaker for 3rd place (among four teams tied there) with “string theory”. I don’t remember the exact question, it was rather long-winded. The cool thing is that 3/6 of the people on our team (including me) had the answer, and none of the other teams got it.


18 posted on 07/30/2025 2:50:47 AM PDT by FreedomPoster (Islam delenda est)
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To: linMcHlp

Are you nucleous? /s


19 posted on 07/30/2025 2:51:49 AM PDT by equaviator (Nobody's perfect. That's why they put pencils on erasers!)
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To: GrandJediMasterYoda

Waves involve a medium, or stuff, with particles of the stuff moving back and forth laterally, or perpendicular to the axial direction of travel, also described as transverse movement, but little to no axial movement of such particles.

Whereas particles said to be travelling axially are axial beams that don’t involve or form transverse waves.


20 posted on 07/30/2025 3:15:39 AM PDT by one guy in new jersey
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