Therapeutic Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Treatment Algorithm; Among all treatment modalities, antimalarial Hydroxychloroquine ranked the highest cure rate

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ^ | 09/22/2020 | Zreiq, R., Haouas, N., Khemakhem, A. M., Obeidat, R. M., Ali, R. M., Shammary, A. A. A.-, Alsaif, B.

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Main Article Content

Rafat Zreiq

Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. and Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Najoua Haouas

Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (Code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.

Asma M. Khemakhem

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

Rawan M. Obeidat

Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Reem M. Ali

Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Asma Ayyed AL- Shammary

Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Bandar Alsaif

Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Fahad D. Algahtani

Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is emerging contagious pneumonia due to the new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It initially appeared in Wuhan China in December 2019 then rapidly spread worldwide and became a pandemic. For the time being, there is no specific therapeutic treatment for this disease. Herein, the "state-of-the-art" of treatment modalities was systematically reviewed and ultimately a practical therapeutic algorithm for the COVID-19 management was proposed. The systematic review was performed by using published articles retrieved from Science Direct, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases concerning this topic. Among 1060 articles collected from the different databases, 19 publications were studied in-depth and incorporated in this review. The most three frequently used medications for the treatment of COVID-19 was: the available anti-viral drugs (n= 9), the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine (n = 8), and the passive antibody transfer therapy (n = 2). Among all treatment modalities, antimalarial Hydroxychloroquine ranked the highest cure rate. Therefore, this drug is considered as the first‐line of COVID-19 treatment. The second‐line treatment includes the lopinavir/ritonavir drugs combined with interferon β-1b and ribavirin. Finally, the third‐line treatments include the remdesivir drug and passive antibody transfer therapy. However, our review emphasis the urgent need for adequately designed randomized controlled trials, enabling a more significant comparison between the most used treatment modalities.

Keywords:

COVID-19, therapeutic management, treatment algorithm, Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine.

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[Ranxerox]

Bump for visibility

[Cold Heart]

Need an ivermectin comparison too.

[ptsal]

Yes
Ivermectin

[FreeReign]

Among all treatment modalities, antimalarial Hydroxychloroquine ranked the highest cure rate.

Doesn't matter. It's still a no from Dr. Fongool.

[webheart]

Yes but Dr Fauci disagrees. He is the one on TV.

[Artcore]

It is beyond bizarre that Trump will NOT mention Hydroxychloroquine anymore! I do not get it!

[WildHighlander57]

Where’s the zinc????

[Pajamajan]

#Trumpwasright

[redangus]

So how many of the 200kpeople died because of the media and Dr. Fauci?

[absalom01]

Based on Dr. Zelenko’s results, about 180,000k of them.

[Nifster]

Shhhh

Fauci loses money and power

Not acceptable

[ProtectOurFreedom]

I searched the references and Ivermectin isn’t there. Maybe no scholarly papers have been published for the Ivermectin quadruple therapy.

[Tunehead54]

They forgot the zinc as numerous studies have done. Its how to discredit HCQ because PDJT said it.

[Freedom'sWorthIt]

Thank you - excellent - need to get this to the President.

[redangus]

And that needs to be stressed to the American people. Fauci and the media lied and thousands of people died, all because of TDS and politics. It needs to be repeated often that people died because the Left saw a high death toll from Covid as a political tool to gain power. Anyone who understands history knows the death of a “few” people is always acceptable to the left in their quest for political power. Just look at the killing fields of Cambodia, or what Stalin did to the Kulaks.

[LibFreeUSA]

What’s the sense of even trying to get tested for COVID, when all they do is tell you go home and take an aspirin. Drs are not prescribing HCQ, so what’s the use?

My wife got tested last week, and I asked the Dr what would he give her if she tested positive? He said “there’s nothing we can give for this virus”, so unless Trump issues executive order to prevent states from prohibiting Drs prescribing HCQ, we’re screwed.

[Pajamajan]

#Trumpwasright