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Chilly chip shatters speed record
BBC ^ | Tuesday, 20 June 2006, 17:42 GMT 18:42 UK | BBC Staff

Posted on 06/21/2006 7:56:57 AM PDT by Ernest_at_the_Beach

Chilly chip shatters speed record



The world's fastest silicon-based microchip has been demonstrated by scientists in the US.

The prototype operates at speeds up to 500 gigahertz (GHz), more than 100 times faster than desktop PC chips.

To break the world record, the researchers from IBM and the Georgia Institute of Technology had to super-cool the chip with liquid helium.

The team believes the device could eventually speed up wireless networks and develop cheaper mobile phones.

"Faster and faster chips open up new applications and reduce costs for existing products," said Professor David Ahlgren of IBM.

Exotic chips

At the moment, most microchips are made from silicon.

But in recent years, there has been a realisation that silicon cannot match other materials in terms of processing speed.

A man looks at the latest mobile phones
The record breaking chips could be used in mobile phones

For applications that require huge amounts of calculations every second, like collision-warning systems in cars and trucks, companies use exotic materials to produce the necessary power.

Materials like gallium arsenide are commonly used, but are expensive and difficult to fabricate.

However, the chip industry would like to continue to use proven silicon manufacturing technology because it is reliable and cheap.

The new experiments were part of a project to explore the speed limits of devices made of silicon and germanium.

Super cooled

Germanium is already added to the silicon chips used in mobile phones to make them operate more efficiently.

Microchip

A decade ago we couldn't even envisage being able to run at these speeds

Professor David Ahlgren, IBM

Adding the element allows chips to run faster and use less power. Importantly, they can also be fabricated using existing silicon techniques.

These chips are already known to operate at faster and faster speeds as they are cooled.

To break the speed record, the researchers super-cooled an IBM prototype of a new "high frequency" device to -268.5C, using liquid helium.

This temperature is just above absolute zero, the theoretical minimum temperature possible. When cooled, the chips were able to perform half a trillion calculations every second, a speed of 500 GHz.

By comparison, a powerful desktop PC is capable of about five billion calculations per second.

"A decade ago we couldn't even envisage being able to run at these speeds," said Professor Ahlgren.

Next generation

At room temperature the experimental chips still managed to outperform standard silicon chips, running at about 350 billion calculations per second.

However, the researchers say they can push them even further.

"We observe effects in these devices at cryogenic temperatures which potentially make them faster than simple theory would suggest," said Professor John Cressler of the Georgia Institute of Technology.

The team believes it is possible to make chips run at 1,000 Ghz, or one Terahertz, at room temperature.

"Understanding the basic physics of these advanced transistors arms us with knowledge that could make the next generation of silicon-based integrated circuits even better," said Professor Cressler.



TOPICS: Business/Economy; Computers/Internet; Music/Entertainment; TV/Movies
KEYWORDS: materials; microprocessors

1 posted on 06/21/2006 7:56:58 AM PDT by Ernest_at_the_Beach
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To: ShadowAce; RadioAstronomer

fyi


2 posted on 06/21/2006 7:59:47 AM PDT by Ernest_at_the_Beach (History is soon Forgotten,)
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To: rdb3; chance33_98; Calvinist_Dark_Lord; Bush2000; PenguinWry; GodGunsandGuts; CyberCowboy777; ...

3 posted on 06/21/2006 8:01:50 AM PDT by ShadowAce (Linux -- The Ultimate Windows Service Pack)
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To: Ernest_at_the_Beach
"Faster and faster chips open up new applications and reduce costs for existing products," said Professor David Ahlgren of IBM.

I keep hearing this, but I'm still paying around the same amount of money for next to top-of-the line PCs, and my applications aren't getting any cheaper-- or faster.

4 posted on 06/21/2006 8:57:32 AM PDT by Egon (We are number one! All others are number two... or lower.)
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To: Egon
Yeah, sucktastic MicroProse is like, "oh, look! More powerful hardware! That means that we can be lazier when we program our software!"

::spits:: Bastids.

5 posted on 06/21/2006 9:02:43 AM PDT by Gordongekko909 (I know. Let's cut his WHOLE BODY off.)
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To: Egon

"I keep hearing this, but I'm still paying around the same amount of money for next to top-of-the line PCs, and my applications aren't getting any cheaper-- or faster."

In this case, the limiting factor is the Bus speed - input/output. It matters not that your processor runs at 1/2 a terraherz if your bus speed is only 866MBPS.


6 posted on 06/21/2006 9:03:53 AM PDT by roaddog727 (eludium PU36 explosive space modulator)
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To: Egon
I keep hearing this, but I'm still paying around the same amount of money for next to top-of-the line PCs, and my applications aren't getting any cheaper-- or faster.

Not true. For example, all I have to do is compare the image processing capability of my current PC to one from just three years ago - blows it away.

7 posted on 06/21/2006 9:11:16 AM PDT by RadioAstronomer (Senior member of Darwin Central)
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To: Ernest_at_the_Beach

Cool beans. :-) (literally) hehe


8 posted on 06/21/2006 9:11:39 AM PDT by RadioAstronomer (Senior member of Darwin Central)
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To: RadioAstronomer; Egon

"Not true. For example, all I have to do is compare the image processing capability of my current PC to one from just three years ago - blows it away."

True as that is, it sure would be nice if the work were to move towards improving more than just the speed of the central processor. I remember someone was working on a light-linked computer but still had to deal with the mechanical issues. Drive and Bus speeds are like drag chutes on these chips.


9 posted on 06/21/2006 5:33:25 PM PDT by LibertarianInExile ('Is' and 'amnesty' both have clear, plain meanings. Are Billy Jeff, Pence, McQueeg & Bush related?)
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To: LibertarianInExile

I have 1066 bus speed with 16x PCI express for my vid. Dual channel DDR and SATA raid.

Things are getting better.


10 posted on 06/21/2006 7:36:30 PM PDT by RadioAstronomer (Senior member of Darwin Central)
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To: Ernest_at_the_Beach
Germanium is already added to the silicon chips used in mobile phones to make them operate more efficiently.

Next up: Adamantium


11 posted on 06/21/2006 7:40:15 PM PDT by freedumb2003 (The Left created, embraces and feeds "The Culture of Hate." Make it part of the political lexicon!)
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