The place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome diversity landscape

Nature (abstract only) ^ | 2005 | Santos Alonso et al

[SunkenCiv]

There is a trend to consider the gene pool of the Basques as a 'living fossil' of the earliest modern humans that colonized Europe. To investigate this assumption, we have typed 45 binary markers and five short tandem repeat loci of the Y chromosome in a set of 168 male Basques. Results on these combined haplotypes were analyzed in the context of matching data belonging to approximately 3000 individuals from over 20 European, Near East and North African populations, which were compiled from the literature. Our results place the low Y-chromosome diversity of Basques within the European diversity landscape. This low diversity seems to be the result of a lower effective population size maintained through generations. At least some lineages of Y chromosome in modern Basques originated and have been evolving since pre-Neolithic times. However, the strong genetic drift experienced by the Basques does not allow us to consider Basques either the only or the best representatives of the ancestral European gene pool. Contrary to previous suggestions, we do not observe any particular link between Basques and Celtic populations beyond that provided by the Paleolithic ancestry common to European populations, nor we find evidence supporting Basques as the focus of major population expansions.

[SunkenCiv]

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[SunkenCiv]

To all -- please ping me to other topics which are appropriate for the GGG list. Thanks.

Please FREEPMAIL me if you want on or off the
"Gods, Graves, Glyphs" PING list or GGG weekly digest
-- Archaeology/Anthropology/Ancient Cultures/Artifacts/Antiquities, etc.
Gods, Graves, Glyphs (alpha order)

[martin_fierro]

Genetic Genealogy Ping

[CarrotAndStick]

[SunkenCiv]

Seen this one?

[Kevin OMalley]

Don't put all your eggs in one basket nor all your Basques in one exit.

[Pharmboy]

Thanks, man. I would love to know if it's the same proto-Celtic Rb1 that I belong to...

[Mike Darancette]

Euskal Herria

[Mike Darancette]

Euskal Herria

[Renfield]

Thanks. Bump for later bookmark.

[SunkenCiv]

Good advice. :')

[SunkenCiv]

You're most welcome.

[Cronos]

wow!!!!

[SunkenCiv]

Three more to follow, including two you've posted in the past. :')

[SunkenCiv]

[SunkenCiv]

[SunkenCiv]

[SunkenCiv]

It's a good source of 'fo. :') That's where this topic came from.

[SunkenCiv]

Proto-Indo-European (after Calvert Watkins, "The Indo-European Family of Languages", circa 1976)
Balto-Slavic	Baltic				Old Prussian Lithuanian Latvian
	Slavic	West Slavic			Wendish Polish Slovak Czech
		South Slavic			Slovene Serbo-Croatian Macedonian Bulgarian Old Church Slavonic
		East Slavic			Ukrainian Byelorussian Russian
Germanic	North Germanic	Old Norse	Old Icelandic		Icelandic
			Faroese
			Old Norwegian	Middle Norwegian	Norwegian
		Old Swedish		Middle Swedish	Swedish
		Old Danish		Middle Danish	Danish
	West Germanic		Old English	Middle English	English
			Old Frisian		Frisian
			Old Dutch	Middle Dutch	Dutch Flemish Afrikaans
			Old Low German	Middle Low German	Low German
			Old High German	Middle High German	(High) German Yiddish
	East Germanic	Gothic
Celtic	Goidelic				Irish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Manx
	Brythonic				Welsh Cornish Breton Gaulish
Italic	Latino-Faliscan	Faliscan
		Latin			Portuguese Spanish Catalan Provencal French Italian Rhaeto-Romance Rumanian
	Osco-Umbrian	Oscan Umbrian
Illyrian
Albanian
Thracian
Hellenic					Greek
Armenian
Phrygian
Anatolian	Lycian Lydian Luvian Hittite
Indo-Iranian	Iranian	Old Persian	Middle Persian		Persian
			Pahlavi
		.			Avestan Sogdian Kurdish Baluchi Pashto
	Indic	Sanskrit			Singhalese Punjabi Gujarati Marathi Bengali Assamese Bihari Hindi Urdu Romany Sindhi
	Dardic (spoken in upper Indus Valley)				Dard
Tocharian (w China, died out several centuries ago)			Tocharian A Tocharian B

[rmlew]

The Scandinavian branch of the Germanic languages is missing Skansk, the dialect of the Skane (Scania) region of Sweden. I believe that it was a dialect of Danish with Swedish influences. Few people speak authentic Skansk. The term is also used derisively by other Swedes to refer to the Modern Danish and Skansk influences on the Swedish used currently in the region.

Riksmal is now a dialect in Norway. Most people speak varients with Danish and Swedish influences like the official dialects of Boksmal (literary/formal speech) and Nynorsk (New Norwegian).
The list is also missing Ladino (a Jewish dialect of old Spanish) and Yiddish (Jewish High German with Slavic influences)