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Posted on 11/10/2009 8:06:42 PM PST by SunkenCiv
Austrian archaeologists have found a Babylonian seal in Egypt that confirms contact between the Babylonians and the Hyksos during the second millennium B.C.
Irene Forstner-Müller, the head of the Austrian Archaeological Institute's (ÖAI) branch office in Cairo, said today (Thurs) the find had occurred at the site of the ancient town of Avaris near what is today the city of Tell el-Dab'a in the eastern Nile delta.
The Hyksos conquered Egypt and reigned there from 1640 to 1530 B.C.
She said a recently-discovered cuneiform tablet had led archaeologists to suspect there had been contact between the Babylonians and the Hyksos.
Forstner-Müller added that Manfred Bietak had begun archaeological research on the period of Hyksos dominance at the remains of a Hyksos palace at Avaris in 1966.
She said ÖAI would open a museum at the Avaris site that the Egyptian government and sponsors would fund to make the seal and other objects accessible to tourists.
Forstner-Müller added Avaris would remain ÖAI's main project site in Egypt but that ÖAI and the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) were working together at a site at Philae/Aswan and ÖAI and Berlin's Humboldt University were working together at another in Luxor/Asasif.
Ephesos, Turkey, remained the site of ÖAI's so-called "flagship" project since it had been important historically from the Copper Age to the time of the Ottoman Empire, she said.
(Excerpt) Read more at austriantimes.at ...
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Depiction of Pharaoh Ahmose evicting the Hyksos' from the Egypt. Notice the 2 Serpents on his head? They symbolic of "YAH" the Moon who also is symbolic of The Horns as stated earlier for the Moon or the Light that Shines in Darkness.
Tell el Dab'a is the modern name of the capital city for the Hyksos in the Nile delta region of Egypt, called Avaris. Avaris was occupied by the Asiatics from the end of the 12th through the 13th dynasty (early second millennium BC). the site is known primarily for its Minoan frescoes.
New discoveries in the land of Goshen June 1, 2009 "...excavators recently uncovered a cuneiform letter written in southern Mesopotamian style. It is thought to date to the time of the Old Babylonian Kingdom of Hammurabi. The news release indicates a date of about 1600-1550 B.C. This illustrates a significant contact between Egypt and Mesopotamia..."
Tell el Dab'a is the modern name of the capital city for the Hyksos in the Nile delta region of Egypt, called Avaris.Of course, there's not any actual evidence for that, but Bietak believed it ASAP. :')
Oooh, good catch!
Unter oberösterreichischer Leitung wird im östlichen Nil-Delta eine 3500 Jahre alte ägyptische Stadt freigelegt.
I doubt this puny excavation is Avaris, where up to two hundred and forty thousand men were garrisoned:
http://www.archive.org/stream/agesinchaosvolum008120mbp/agesinchaosvolum008120mbp_djvu.txt
“...There, to the east of the Delta, King Salitis discovered a favorably
situated place called Auaris, a strategic point from which to control
both Egypt and Syria.
He rebuilt and strongly fortified it with walls, and established a
garrison there numbering as many as two hundred and forty thou-
sand armed men to protect his frontier. This place he used to visit
every summer, partly to serve out rations and pay to his troops,
partly to give them a careful training in manoeuvres, in order to
intimidate foreigners. 2
The fourth king is called Apophis by Manetho, and he is said to
have ruled for sixty-one years. The first six king-shepherds are con-
sidered the first Hyksos Dynasty of pharaohs. In Manetho-Josephus
it is said of them:
The continually growing ambition of these six, their first rulers,
was to extirpate the Egyptian people. 3
*Manetho, in Josephus, Against Apion, I, 77. On the confusion of Assyrians
with Syrians (Palestinians) by writers in Greek, see Herodotus (trans. A. D.
Godley; 1921-24), VII, 63,
3 Josephus, Against Apion, I 9 78-79,
“Ibid., I, 81.
68 AGES IN CHAOS
The rule of the Hyksos was cruel. They knew no mercy. Sub-
stantiation of this may be found even in graves. The excavator of
one of the smaller garrison-fortresses of the Hyksos thus described
the contents of a grave: “A heap of bones stacked closely together,
most of them were of animals, but among them I found a piece of
human jaw and patella.” 4 In another grave he found an “apparently
separated arm, superfluous loose hand.”
When we remember what Manetho said about the extreme
cruelty of the invaders, and compare it with the Hebrew narratives
about Amalekites mutilating their prisoners by cutting off members
of the body, 5 the finding of an odd hand or jaw does not seem an
accidental occurrence. The garrison-fortresses were places of tor-
ture.
Thanks Fred Nerks!
King Hammurabi is the best known of the early monarchs of ancient times... belonged to the First BabyIonian Dynasty which came to an end, under circumstances shrouded in mystery, some three or four generations after Hammurabi. For the next several centuries, the land was in the domain of a people known as the Kassites. They left few examples of art and hardly any literary works -- theirs was an age comparable to and contemporaneous with that of the Hyksos in Egypt, and various surmises were made as to the identity of the two peoples. A cartouche of the Hyksos king Khyan was even found in Babylonia and another in Anatolia, a possible indication of the extent of the power and influence wielded by the Hyksos. Until a few decades ago, the reign of Hammurabi was dated to around the year 2100 before the present era... At Platanos on Crete, a seal of the Hammurabi type was discovered in a tomb together with Middle Minoan pottery of a kind associated at other sites with objects of the Twelfth Egyptian Dynasty, more exactly, of its earlier part. This is regarded as proof that these two dynasties were contemporaneous... however... At Mari on the central Euphrates, among other rich material, a cuneiform tablet was found which established that Hammurabi of Babylonia and King Shamshi-Adad I of Assyria were contemporaries. An oath was sworn by the life of these two kings in the tenth year of Hammurabi, The finds at Mari "proved conclusively that Hammurabi came to the throne in Babylonia after the accession of Shamshi-Adad I in Assyria"... The Khorsabad list ends in the tenth year of Assur-Nerari V, which is computed to have been -745... the first year of Shamshi-Adad is calculated to have been -1726 and his last year -1694... it reduced the time of Hammurabi from the twenty-first century to the beginning of the seventeenth century... "a puzzling chronological discrepancy", which could only be resolved by making Hammurabi later than Amenemhet I of the Twelfth Dynasty... If Hammurabi reigned at the time allotted to him by the finds at Mari and Khorsabad -- but according to the finds at Platanos was a contemporary of the Egyptian kings of the early Twelfth Dynasty -- then that dynasty must have started at a time when, according to the accepted chronology, it had already come to its end. In conventionally-written history, by -1680 not only the Twelfth Dynasty, but also the Thirteenth, or the last of the Middle Kingdom, had expired.
[Immanuel Velikovsky, Hammurabi and the Revised Chronology]
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