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NATIONAL MOLE DAY We'll eliminate any visions of a burrowing creature celebration immediately; National Mole Day recognizes a special number in chemistry. Chemists and chemistry students mark the occasion each year on October 23rd. #NationalMoleDay More specifically, the celebrations take place between 6:02 AM and 6:02 PM. In the U.S., the time and date are written 6:02 10/23. The time and date are derived from Avogadro’s number. Avogadro's number is approximately 6.02×10^23. Hence, defining the number of particles (atoms or molecules) in one mole of a substance, one of the seven base SI units. A mole is a unit of...

Comet 3I/ATLAS is heading toward a rare encounter with NASA’s Europa Clipper, offering a unique opportunity to uncover secrets of the cosmos. © Image credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Shadow the Scientist NASA’s Europa Clipper mission, currently on its way to Jupiter, may soon encounter a unique scientific opportunity. The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is about to cross the path of the spacecraft’s trajectory, potentially showering it with charged particles from its ion tail. This rare alignment could provide the closest look yet at material from beyond our solar system, offering a glimpse into the distant star systems where such comets originated. A...

Explanation: It is one of the more massive galaxies known. A mere 46 million light-years distant, spiral galaxy NGC 2841 can be found in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. This sharp view of the gorgeous island universe shows off a striking yellow nucleus and galactic disk. Dust lanes, small, pink star-forming regions, and young blue star clusters are embedded in the patchy, tightly wound spiral arms. In contrast, many other spirals exhibit grand, sweeping arms with large star-forming regions. NGC 2841 has a diameter of over 150,000 light-years, even larger than our own Milky Way and captured by this...

Ireland has officially joined the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) as an associate member state. CERN is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world on the Franco-Swiss border, just outside Geneva. The main focus of activity in CERN is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a 27-km (17-mile) underground ring in which protons are accelerated and collided into one another. Associate membership will allow Ireland’s researchers to participate in CERN’s scientific programs and will make Irish citizens eligible for staff positions and fellowships at CERN. …

Researchers make landmark advance in the quest to unlock virtually limitless clean energy from the same reaction that powers the stars On a former military airfield a few miles south of Oxford, a group of scientists are trying to bottle the sun. Not literally, of course — but their ambitions come close. Inside a four metre-tall, apple-shaped machine known as the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U), they are attempting to recreate, control and ultimately commercialise the fusion reactions that power the stars. In the past few weeks, they have made landmark progress. Fusion is physics’ grand prize, promising a...

Explanation: While most spiral galaxies, including our own Milky Way, have two or more spiral arms, NGC 4725 has only one. In this sharp color composite image, the solo spira mirabilis seems to wind from a prominent ring of bluish, newborn star clusters and red tinted star forming regions. The odd galaxy also sports obscuring dust lanes a yellowish central bar structure composed of an older population of stars. NGC 4725 is over 100 thousand light-years across and lies 41 million light-years away in the well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. Computer simulations of the formation of single spiral arms suggest that...

...Scientists have been keeping a close watch on those changes, both to ensure there’s nothing unexplainable by our current understanding, but also to compare 3I/ATLAS to both previous interstellar visitors as well as comets in our own solar system. A recent paper from European researchers describes how the changes in a particular material ratio in 3I/ATLAS’ coma fit with our current understanding of cometary geology.That ratio is the nickel to iron (Ni/FE) abundance ratio. It has been measured for two decades, including on twenty in-system comets as well as 2I/Borisov, the last known interstellar visitor our solar system had. However,...

Space exploration has entered a new era where microbial discoveries challenge our understanding of life beyond Earth. The Chinese Tiangong station recently became the site of an extraordinary finding that reads like science fiction but represents very real scientific advancement. This discovery raises fundamental questions about biological adaptation in extreme environments. Niallia tiangongensis emerges from space station samples During routine operations in May 2023, the Shenzhou-15 crew collected samples from Tiangong’s habitation module that would later reveal something unprecedented. Scientists identified a completely new bacterial species, subsequently named Niallia tiangongensis after its birthplace among the stars. This microorganism represents the...

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory unit of NASA said Monday that it will lay off about 550 employees — 11% of JPL’s workforce — as part of a restructuring. The job cuts “are not related to the current government shutdown,” JPL Director Dave Gallagher said in a message to the unit that was posted on the lab’s website. JPL is a research and development lab funded by NASA — the federal space agency — and managed by the California Institute of Technology. “While not easy, I believe that taking these actions now will help the Lab transform at the scale and...

VIDEO AT LINK.............. An unusual double-ring structure spotted in space with the help of citizen scientists has turned out to be a cosmic rarity. The celestial anomaly, captured by a radio telescope, is an odd radio circle, one of the scarcest and most mysterious objects in the universe, said Dr. Ananda Hota, lead author of a study published on October 2 in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Odd radio circles, also known as ORCs, likely consist of magnetized plasma — charged gas that is strongly influenced by magnetic fields — and are so massive that entire galaxies...

New research suggests that Ariel, a moon of Uranus, might have once harbored an ocean about 100 miles (170km) deep. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/PSI/Mikayla Kelley/Peter Buhler Evidence points to a long-lost ocean beneath Ariel’s icy crust. Tides and orbit shifts may have cracked its surface billions of years ago. Growing evidence indicates that a deep ocean may lie hidden beneath the icy exterior of Uranus’ moon Ariel. A new study published in Icarus examined how this subsurface ocean might have formed and evolved, revealing that it could once have reached depths of more than 100 miles (170 kilometers). For comparison, Earth’s Pacific...

Canadian researchers found that every extra hour of preschool screen time was linked to lower reading and math scores years later.In A Nutshell Each extra hour of daily screen time before kindergarten was linked to lower reading and math scores years later. TV and tablet time had similar effects; writing skills were not affected. Video games predicted lower reading and math scores for girls, but not boys. Healthy screen habits — less time, better content, and co-viewing — may support learning. TORONTO — The screen time habits formed in a child’s early years may determine how well they perform in...

3I/ATLAS is a mad topic surrounded by speculations about aliens and other controversial takes. But there's a lot of real science about this fascinating objects. So, in this video we put together all the major discoveries and scientific papers about 3I/ATLAS. 3I/ATLAS Is Extremely Weird. But Not In The Ways You Think | 23:39 Fraser Cain | 476K subscribers | 74,119 views | October 10, 2025

A small asteroid narrowly missed Earth over Antarctica, passing within the altitude of the International Space Station. Credit: Shutterstock ===================================================================== Asteroid 2025 TF zoomed over Antarctica just 266 miles above Earth, roughly the same height as the ISS. Detected only hours later, the 1–3 meter rock posed no threat but provided valuable data for astronomers. Close Encounter Over Antarctica In the early hours of October 1, Asteroid 2025 TF swept over Antarctica at 00:47:26 UTC ± 18 seconds, passing within just 428 ± 7 km (266 ± 4 miles) of Earth’s surface. That distance places it nearly at the same...

Astronomers from Princeton may have found evidence of a hidden planet -- Planet Y -- orbiting in the far reaches of the Solar System. Could this be the missing world shaping the Kuiper Belt? Watch to find out. A New Planet Discovered? Planet 9 Has a Rival -- Meet Planet Y | 9:45 NASA Space News | 556K subscribers | 28,062 views | October 6, 2025 Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 00:38 The Discovery 03:04 Scientific Importance and Theories 05:30 Implications and What’s Next 08:29 Outro 08:43 Enjoy

Chatter Points * A new model suggests dark matter and dark energy may not be real entities, but effects of changing physical constants. * Galaxy rotation curves from seven galaxies fit the model using one key parameter: a “turn-off density.” * The approach also explains supernovae, galaxy clusters, and the cosmic microwave background without exotic matter. * Challenges remain: galaxies are complex, and no direct evidence yet shows that fundamental constants truly vary. ========================================================================== A physicist at the University of Ottawa has published research suggesting the universe’s most perplexing mysteries — dark matter and dark energy, which together supposedly account...

Recent images purportedly depicting the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS during its closest approach to Mars last week have erupted in controversy online, as many took to social media with theories about what the object’s unusual shape could mean about its nature and origins. The new images obtained last week by NASA’s Perseverance rover appear to show 3I/ATLAS streaking through the Martian night sky as it passed through the field of view of the robotic explorer’s Right Navigation Camera (Navcam) from its position in Jezero Crater. The recent imagery was originally uploaded to NASA’s multimedia page in raw format. Since that time,...

Thunderbird, the University of British Columbia’s benchtop-scale particle accelerator and electrochemical reactor. (Photo: UBC) ************************************************************************* Researchers at the University of British Columbia seeking the energy grail of cold fusion—alias lattice confinement fusion or low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR)— used electrochemistry to load extra deuterium ions into a metal lattice and found a “modest” performance boost of 15 percent, compared with experiments without the electrochemical loading technique, according to the university. While the experiment is benchtop scale, with more energy input than gained, it is the first time that deuterium–deuterium fusion has been demonstrated using the technique, according to UBC. The results...

According to the team the polarimetric behavior is "significantly different from all known comets (either interstellar or bound to our Solar System)". 3I/ATLAS imaged by NASA’s Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx). Image credit: NASA/SPHEREx. ================================================================= Ateam of astronomers have presented the first polarimetric observations of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, finding that it has extreme negative polarization. On July 1, 2025, astronomers spotted an object moving through the Solar System at nearly twice the velocity of previous interstellar visitors ‘Oumuamua and Comet Borisov. The object was confirmed to be an interstellar comet with...

Since it was first discovered in August 2019, astronomers have been awestruck by interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov. But recent observations of the space object suggest that it could be breaking apart. A group of researchers from Poland have noted that the object has brightened up twice this month. “The total brightness increase is thus about 0.7 mag in 5 days between UT 2020 March 4.3 and 9.3,” the researchers wrote in a note published March 12. “This behavior is strongly indicative of an ongoing nucleus fragmentation.” In September 1019, the International Astronomical Union confirmed that the object was from another solar...