Former President Obama’s presence among Wall Street executives once derided as “fat cats” now nets him roughly $400,000 on the industry’s speaking circuit. A source close to a Northern Trust Corp. speech last month told Bloomberg News on Monday that Mr. Obama was compensated close to $400,000 for his services. Additional sources said that he recently addressed members of the Carlyle Group LP and will receive a similar six-figure paycheck as the keynote speaker at a health-care conference for investment bank Cantor Fitzgerald LP.