The tenure system gives university professors lifetime job security. It is also a way to get rid of professors. Typically, new faculty members are hired for a several-year probationary period. Then they marshal their publications, teaching evaluations, and other accomplishments, and apply for tenure. If they do not get it, they have to leave. So it came as a surprise that Baylor denied tenure to Francis Beckwith, one of its best-known Christian scholars—despite his 11 books, 28 scholarly articles, a raft of teaching awards, and election as president of the Evangelical Theological Society. Baylor's previous president Robert Sloan had put...