Posted on 07/09/2010 7:49:08 PM PDT by neverdem
Contact: Peggy Calicchia
calicchi@cshl.edu
516-422-4012
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Mitochondrial genome analysis revises view of the initial peopling of North America June 29, 2010 – The initial peopling of North America from Asia occurred approximately 15,000-18,000 years ago, however estimations of the genetic diversity of the first settlers have remained inaccurate. In a report published online today in Genome Research (www.genome.org), researchers have found that the diversity of the first Americans has been significantly underestimated, underscoring the importance of comprehensive sampling for accurate analysis of human migrations.
Substantial evidence suggests that humans first crossed into North America from Asia over a land bridge called Beringia, connecting eastern Siberia and Alaska. Genetic studies have shed light on the initial lineages that entered North America, distinguishing the earliest Native American groups from those that arrived later. However, a clear picture of the number of initial migratory events and routes has been elusive due to incomplete analysis.
In this work, an international group of researchers coordinated by Antonio Torroni of the University of Pavia in Italy performed a detailed mitochondrial genome analysis of a poorly characterized lineage known as C1d. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is passed down through the maternal lineage, and mtDNA sequence markers are extremely useful tools for mapping ancestry. Similar to other haplogroups that were among the first to arrive in North America, C1d is distributed throughout the continent, suggesting that it may have been also present in the initial founding populations. However, C1d has not been well represented in previous genetic analyses, and the estimated age of approximately 7,000 years, much younger than the other founding haplogroups, was likely inaccurate.
To resolve these inconsistent lines of evidence, the group sequenced and analyzed 63 C1d mtDNA genomes from throughout the Americas. This high-resolution study not only confirmed that C1d was one of the founding lineages in North America 15,000 to 18,000 years ago, but revealed another critical insight. "These first female American founders carried not one but two different C1d genomes," said Ugo Perego of the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation and primary author of the study, "thus further increasing the number of recognized maternal lineages from Beringia."
These findings raise the number of founding maternal lineages in North America to fifteen. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the critical need for comprehensive analysis of relevant populations to gather a complete picture of migratory events.
Alessandro Achilli of the University of Perugia, a coauthor of the report, suggests that the number of distinct mitochondrial genomes that passed from Asian into North America is probably much higher. "These yet undiscovered maternal lineages will be identified within the next three to four years," Achilli noted, "when the methodological approach that we used in our study will be systematically applied."
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Scientists from the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (Salt Lake City, UT), the University of Pavia (Pavia, Italy), the University of Perugia (Perugia, Italy), the University of Santiago de Compostela, (Santiago de Compostela, Spain), Innsbruck Medical University (Innsbruck, Austria), and the University of Beunos Aries (Buenos Aires, Argentina).
This work was supported by the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Fundación de Investigación Médica Mutua Madrileña, the FWF Austrian Science Fund, Progetti Ricerca Interesse Nazionale (Italian Ministry of the University), and Fondazione Alma Mater Ticinensis.
Media contacts:
Ugo Perego is available for more information by contacting Jacob Moon at the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation Public Relations Office (+1-801-490-1017; jacob@methodcommunications.com). Antonio Torroni, PhD is available for more information by contacting Grazia Bruttocao at the University of Pavia Press Office (+39-0382-984531, grazia.bruttocao@unipv.it). Alessandro Achilli, PhD is available for more information by contacting Laura Marozzi at the University of Perugia Press Office (+39-075-585-2202, lmarozzi@unipg.it).
Interested reporters may obtain copies of the manuscript from Peggy Calicchia, Editorial Secretary, Genome Research (calicchi@cshl.edu; +1-516-422-4012).
About the article:
The manuscript will be published online ahead of print on June 29, 2010. Its full citation is as follows: Perego UA, Angerhofer N, Pala M, Olivieri A, Lancioni H, Hooshiar Kashani B, Carossa V, Ekins JE, Gómez-Carballa A, Huber G, Zimmermann B, Corach D, Babudri N, Panara F, Myres NM, Parson W, Semino O, Salas A, Woodward SR, Achilli A, Torroni A. The initial peopling of the Americas: A growing number of founding mitochondrial genomes from Beringia. Genome Res doi:10.1101/gr.109231.110.
About Genome Research:
Launched in 1995, Genome Research (www.genome.org) is an international, continuously published, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on research that provides novel insights into the genome biology of all organisms, including advances in genomic medicine. Among the topics considered by the journal are genome structure and function, comparative genomics, molecular evolution, genome-scale quantitative and population genetics, proteomics, epigenomics, and systems biology. The journal also features exciting gene discoveries and reports of cutting-edge computational biology and high-throughput methodologies.
About Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press:
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory is a private, nonprofit institution in New York that conducts research in cancer and other life sciences and has a variety of educational programs. Its Press, originating in 1933, is the largest of the Laboratory's five education divisions and is a publisher of books, journals, and electronic media for scientists, students, and the general public.
Genome Research issues press releases to highlight significant research studies that are published in the journal.
Could it possibly be because there are NO monkeys native to North America?
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What have monkeys in Africa got to deo with North America ???
The land bridge was used by the descendantsa of the “monkeys” millions of years later...
or the next week or so...
The Asians who were the ancestors of the American Indians came over the land bridge that was snowless and wide at the time...
Even now its only 50 miles of solid ice between Alaska and Russia...
I am saying that NO ONE KNOWS. And I am saying that I am not a descendant of monkeys. Period.
So, your position is that you don’t believe in evolution. Good for you.
WHAT!!! ? Then they are also claiming men couldn’t walk on water? As in ice. Which, my education sort of reminds me, the earth was once covered by?
LOL
Sorry. Too many theories and not enough real knowledge to back any of it up. Rampant speculation which they have had to retract time after time.
"The oldest human remains found in the Americas were recently "discovered" in the storeroom of Mexico's National Museum of Anthropology. Found in central Mexico in 1959, the five skulls were radiocarbon dated by a team of researchers from the United Kingdom and Mexico and found to be 13,000 years old. They pre-date the Clovis culture by a couple thousand years, adding to the growing evidence against the Clovis-first model for the first peopling of the Americas."
"Of additional significance is the shape of the skulls, which are described as long and narrow, very unlike those of modern Native Americans.
I believe in evolution alright, just not their theory of it. Man was man from the gitgo. Might have appeared different at different times, but we were never apes.
I also do not think that man evolved at the same rate over time. Nor do I think we have stopped evolving...and in some cases are DEvolving.
Like I said...
| F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M |
| F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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BS. There have been about 60 analyses of the migrations of people. The Jewish and Christian main Bibles are proven correct in every way. The names of the places and the names of the ethnic groups are the only things that changed over time. Some languages changed or just disappeared over all that time. The people are the same.
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Thanks aposiopetic.In a report published online today in Genome Research (www.genome.org), researchers have found that the diversity of the first Americans has been significantly underestimated, underscoring the importance of comprehensive sampling for accurate analysis of human migrations.and for a BTTT to this one, thanks neverdem! To all -- please ping me to other topics which are appropriate for the GGG list. |
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· Discover · Nat Geographic · Texas AM Anthro News · Yahoo Anthro & Archaeo · Google · · Archaeology · The Archaeology Channel · Excerpt, or Link only? · cgk's list of ping lists · |
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*Skeletal remains of 169 people, split almost evenly between males and females, ranging from 6 to 70 years old. About 75 of the skeletons were relatively intact.
* 90 intact human brains that include the oldest DNA samples in the World.
* Artifacts of wood, bone, and seed that were made into jewelry and tools, providing insight into the ancient peoples' lives.
* Tests showed the oldest skeletons were buried 8,100 years ago. The youngest was placed in the ground 6,900 years ago.
"* To put this into context," Doran said, "these people had already been dead for 3,000 or 4,000 years before the first stones were laid for the Egyptian pyramids!"
WOW! I have studied and heard many theories of our supposed beginnings, but yours is unique.
I subscribe to Genesis myself, you know, the first book in the Bible. I am a strong believer in biblical creation. Six days and here we are.
Whatg about what they used to call “throw backs...
My mother had grey/green eyes and so did most of her siblings...my father had blue eyes and so did most of his siblings and his parents...
my brother has blue eyes as do his children, one sister green eyes and brown eyed chidren though their father has blue eyes...
my other sister and I have brown eyes which my mother sid was a “throw back” and that she had an aunt with brown eyes..
I have a brown eyed child ..
and a blue eyed child with blue eyed children..
If some chromosome was missing in me, it managed to find its way hiome...
I believe what you are trying to say is that the chromosome was dormant and not missing...
If you knew the arguments I had from stupid people who told me my son could notpossibly be my own off spring because of his blue eyes...
Thomas Jefferson and Oetzi were both haplogroup 'K'. (just saying....)
http://www.capegazette.com/storiescurrent/200909/artifacts11.html
According to a report filed by state archeologists, excavations at the 132-acre site along the Lewes-Rehoboth Canal indicated an almost continuous prehistoric occupation from 505 B.C. through 330 A.D.
“The early occupation of the site was apparently a small seasonal camp. The later occupation may have been a more permanent village,” the report concluded.
That’s more than 2,100 years before Dutch explorers landed near present-day Lewes, the first Europeans to touch Cape Region soil. Historical records show that the first inhabitants of the Mid-Atlantic region date back as far as 12,000 years ago.
The site was not included in the National Register.
Jackson said officials should take note of what occurred at Thompson Island, located where Rehoboth Bay and the Lewes-Rehoboth Canal converge.
The entire island is preserved as part of Delaware Seashore State Park. Artifacts found on the island date back to 3000 B.C.
Jackson said county officials, developers and planners are paying more attention to what is under the soil.
“It’s been brought to the forefront and they are staring to take it seriously,” she said.
The chiefs of the Nanticoke and Lenape recently testified in opposition to a rezoning and conditional use for an apartment complex off Plantation Road. They say construction of the project would infringe on an existing Native American burial site.
The long-standing lack of interest in indigenous sites is not surprising to Jackson. “It’s gone on for so long, it’s become part of the culture,” she said. “At the end of the day, it’s all about money.”
I also got my 5’8” fathers “shortness” while my 6 foot brother and my son got Moms tall genes...
My mother and her sisters were at least was 5’ 6” which was tallish for women born 100 years ago and their brothers were mostly 6 foot...
most of the sons are around 6 foot...
For my 5’2” and my sisters 5 foot, the tall gene was not predominate...
But some of my long legged grandchildren will play basketball...
And how long would you deduce that a “day” in the life of G-d might be? I mean seeing as how the Creator created an entire universe, not just one measly planet in an obscure solar system,
Seriously, would you presume to TIME G-d the way man times his own existence? By the sun?
If so, your conception of G-d is far different than mine. Considering that there are gazillions of stars in an endless universe that continues to expand unto infinity, how can you time G-d?
There’s such a thing as a recessive trait, and that can travel unnoticed / unexpressed for generations, then suddenly pop up. What I’m saying in that diagram is, normally people have 46 chromosome pairs, which means that (at least) 18 of the gr-gr-gr-gr-grandparents haven’t passed down ANY chromosomes at all to you.
I read somewhere that Jefferson and Oetzi slept together, and even had offspring. ;’D
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