Posted on 11/06/2005 1:00:32 AM PST by CarrotAndStick
Washington : Scientists have said that that the arrival of modern humans from Africa to South Asia some 70,000 years ago may have led to the extermination of the native populations.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have said that the arrival of Homo sapiens in regions like India and other parts of South Asia had most probably led to conflicts and competition between the Homo sapiens and the indigenous hominids (Homo heidelbergensis), leading to the latters extinction over the years.
While the precise explanations for the demise of the archaic populations is not yet obvious, it is abundantly clear that they were driven to extinction, likely owing to competition with modern humans over the long term, said Michael Petraglia, the author of a forthcoming study in Current Anthropology.
Paleoanthropological projects must now be launched in South Asia if we hope to document the spread of our species and if we wish to explain how we became behaviorally modern, he added.
However, Petraglia and his team could not find any sign of a sudden revolution in modern human behaviour 50,000 years ago, an idea advocated by some researchers working in Africa and Europe.
The archaeological evidence from South Asia indicates a diversity of behavioral responses in which explicitly symbolic artifacts were sometimes, but not always, produced, said Hannah James, Petraglias graduate student.
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I stumbled upon your post after googling "70,000 years ago." I was doing some casual research on the Toba Catastrophe Theory. There were many interesting developments occurring during that time:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_catastrophe_theory
Humans started wearing clothes:
http://www.nature.com/news/2003/030818/full/030818-7.html;jsessionid=03BA4C5430C5BFA794D1A36BC8BB75F0
Another eruption, in Yellowstone:
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/faqshistory.html
Sea levels fall and Bering land bridge opens up North America for human migrations:
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/faqshistory.html
We learned to think:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/learnthink.shtml
All FWIW...
Thanks for those links!
Welcome to Free Republic!
You're welcome. Just a few other comments, speculations and wild stabs in the dark, if I may. From the article:
"Researchers from the University of Cambridge have said that the arrival of Homo sapiens in regions like India and other parts of South Asia had most probably led to conflicts and competition between the Homo sapiens and the indigenous hominids (Homo heidelbergensis), leading to the latters extinction over the years."
Quite possible - even probable - but it seems to me that without the sudden 'nuclear winter' (from carbon clouds blocking sunlight)that lasted 6 years, followed by a 1,000 year long glacial period (from sulphur clouds reflecting sunlight), there wouldn't have been great competition for whatever food sources, previously abundant, remained alive. Add to that the genetic evidence suggesting that the population of homo sapiens dropped to less than 50,000 around that time and its quite possible that Heidelbergensis dropped off of the table on his own, not needing a shove from Sapiens.
One of the articles suggested it was around this time that in order to survive, social organization went through a major evolution from the family/troop-sized levels to larger, tribe-sized contingents. Large tribes of humans bearing down on Heidelbergensis (Heidelbergensians?) would have either assimilated - after all, safety in numbers - or eradicated them.
The introduction of clothing is interesting as well. Was there suddenly intense competion for mates? Perhaps the remaining humans decided that, due to a scarcity of resources, drastic population control measures had to be enacted (such as infanticide). Keeping ones 'privates' covered up would reduce the temptation to copulate and thus avoid the trauma of killing one's own offspring. The emergence of relatively 'prudish' sexual mores (many of which remain with us today) may have begun during this time. Another possibility (as it seems to my way-below-expert-level mind) would be that a tribe-sized social organization would have a leadership cadre that may have dictatorially grabbed all the women for themselves. Thus the chieftans may have dozens or even hundreds of wives and concubines, while all the rest of the men got to take out their frustrations on the poor Heidelbergensians. If true, all humans are decended from these tribal tyrants, which explains a lot.
The introduction of "thinking" (as the last link calls it), may have just been a way for primitive Paleolithic/Mesolithic humans to allocate suddenly scarce resources amongst themselves.
The Yellowstone blast of 70,000 years ago relates to another Yellowstone blast that occurred 600,000 years ago. In the latter, the entire North American continent was covered in 2 meters of ash. Picture what that would do today. FWIW, the Yellowstone caldera - Crater Lake is a good example of a caldera; its created when the top of the mountain falls into the void created by the eruption - takes up almost as much area as Yellowstone National Park itself! This 'scab' in the Earth's crust has been blown off the map three times in the last two milion years and - if the eruption of 70,000 years ago was a mere tremblor and not a full scale eruption like 600,000 years ago, as it appears from the articles - then we are just about due for another. Links:
Yellowstone caldera:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yellowstone_Caldera_map2.jpg
Toba caldera (Indonesia, right near the tsunami-event's epicenter):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Toba_overview.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Toba_zoom.jpg
Obviously dwarfing Crater Lake. Now imagine Yellowstone, and have a nice day. :-)
Thanks, but just passing through.
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