The FReeper Foxhole Remembers The Andrew's Raid -Locomotive Chase (4/12/1862) - Apr. 11th, 2003

http://ngeorgia.goldenink.com/history/raiders.html ^

[SAMWolf]

Dear Lord,

There's a young man far from home,
called to serve his nation in time of war;
sent to defend our freedom
on some distant foreign shore.

We pray You keep him safe,
we pray You keep him strong,
we pray You send him safely home ...
for he's been away so long.

There's a young woman far from home,
serving her nation with pride.
Her step is strong, her step is sure,
there is courage in every stride.
We pray You keep her safe,
we pray You keep her strong,
we pray You send her safely home ...
for she's been away too long.

Bless those who await their safe return.
Bless those who mourn the lost.
Bless those who serve this country well,
no matter what the cost.

Author Unknown

.

FReepers from the USO Canteen, The Foxhole, and The Poetry Branch
join in prayer for all those serving their country at this time.

.

.................................................................................................................................

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The Great Locomotive Chase
Andrew's Raiders

For more than a year war raged in the fields of Virginia and Tennessee while factories and farms in Georgia produced supplies that fed and clothed the Confederate Army. In the spring of 1862, the quiet of North Georgia was shattered by a group of 22 Union spies on a mission to disrupt Confederate supply lines. The General, an engine owned by the Western and Atlantic Railroad, left Atlanta at 4:00 am on April 12, the first anniversary of the attack on Fort Sumter. At Marietta (History of Marietta, Georgia) the raiders boarded the train under the command of James Andrews. When the train stopped for breakfast, the men made off with The General in a daring raid that had been planned the night before at the Fletcher (now Kennesaw) House

Andrews gained the trust of the Confederates by smuggling quinine across the battle lines for a period of several weeks. Using these "friends" he infiltrated Georgia with men skilled in handling locomotives, among them William Knight, a young Kentucky volunteer who had been an engineer before the war. Union General Ormsby Mitchel approved the plan to steal a locomotive and move north on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, destroying track, bridges and tunnels along the way. Mitchel, fighting in North Alabama reasoned that with the W&ARR destroyed Chattanooga could be easily taken. The Union commander agreed to take Huntsville on April 11, 1862, which he did, and wait for Andrews to arrive in Huntsville before advancing on Chattanooga.

The train pulled up to the Lacey Hotel and the passengers and crew walked to the hotel for breakfast. Andrews had selected this as the site to hatch his plot because Big Shanty did not have a telegraph office. The spies stole the train and began the journey to Huntsville.



The crew of The General had a different idea. Jeff Cain, engineer, and Anthony Murphy, a machine foreman joined conductor William Fuller, who took the theft as a personal affront, as he pursued the raiders. On foot at first, they ran the two miles to Moon's Station, and procured a platform handcar and two members of a maintenance crew to help them pole and push. From here to the Etowah River the track grades slowly but steadily downhill. Two more men jumped on the moving handcar in Acworth.

Andrews, Knight and two other Union spies stayed in the cab while the other 18 men spread across the train. Many Georgians along the route inquired when they saw Fuller's regular train and schedule with a different crew. Andrews responded by telling the men that he was taking a "powder train" through to General Beauregard, then at Corinth, a believable story since this was a few days after Shiloh.



The pursuers at first thought the men were deserters who had stolen the train to escape, but the rail ties in the roadbed, cut telegraph wires and missing rails convinced them a formidable enemy lay in front of them. In Etowah Fuller took the switch engine Yonah to pursue the raiders. Suprisingly, Andrews did not remove any rails between the river and the complicated rail yard in Kingston. Delayed by northbound trains, Andrews and Fuller were now less than 10 minutes apart, although the Union spy still did not know his Raiders were being pursued. Abandoning the Yonah, the crew of the General negotiated the yard on foot, taking the William R. Smith north towards Adairsville. They encountered track torn up by the raiders, abandoned the engine and two of them, Murphy and Fuller, continued the pursuit on foot.

Undaunted by the obstacles the raiders laid in the way Fuller and Murphy took a southbound engine, The Texas, south of the Adairsville station. The chase was on - The Texas in pursuit of the General at top speed, in reverse! Just north of the city of Calhoun the pursuers spotted the General for the first time. Andrews and Knight considered the situation. A quick attempt by the raiders to raise a rail was fruitless.



Andrews and Knight came up with three options, but the first, crossties dropped from the rear of the General, did not slow the pursuers. Next, with the raiders on the locomotive and coal tender they released two boxcars from the end of the train. The men on the Texas pushed those off on the next siding. Now, approaching the covered wooden bridge over Oostanaula River, Andrews set fire to the remaining car hoping not only to slow the Texas but also burn the bridge. However, wet conditions made it impossible to set the bridge afire. The Texas again pushed the cars off the track and the chase became a test of endurance.

With the telegraph from Atlanta out of service because of the wire cutters employed by the raiders a telegraph operator, 17-year old Edward Henderson, headed south from Dalton in search of the problem. South of Calhoun, Fuller saw the lad, whom he recognized, and pulled onto the moving train. Fuller wrote out a message to General Ledbetter in Chattanooga, warning him of the approach of the captured locomotive. In Dalton the telegrapher was dropped from the train and he made off to send the message.



The whistle of the pursuers warned towns and soldiers of the approaching chase. But the end was near. Just before the top of Ringgold Gap The General gave out. The locomotive would not have made it much further. The message from Dalton had made it to Chattanooga and Confederates were already on the track travelling south to Ringgold.

The Raiders failed to destroy bridges over Chickamauga Creek or the Etowah River, or the tunnel at Tunnel Hill, their main targets.

Over the next two weeks, Andrews and his men were rounded up by the Confederates. They managed to get as far away as Bridgeport, Alabama. All 22 men were caught. Of the 14 men sent to Confederate prison 8 escaped in October, 1862 and the remaining 6 were paroled in March, 1863. Andrews and 7 of his men were tried in Atlanta and hung, their bodies buried unceremoniously in an unmarked grave.



Congress created the Medal of Honor in 1862 and awarded it to some of the Raiders. James Andrews, leader of the raiders, was not in the military and therefore not eligible. The bodies of the raiders who had been hung were disinterred from the unmarked grave and buried at Chattanooga National Cemetery. The General survived the episode and the war, continuing in service on the Western and Atlantic and the Louisville and Nashville for another 30 years.

[SAMWolf]

Secretary of War Edwin Stanton looked in amazement at the 6 young soldiers before him. It was March 25, 1863 and the sight of ragged remnants that had once been brave young commandos moved his heart. They had just been released from a Confederate P.O.W. camp in a prisoner exchange, and their story was incredible.



Undoubtedly the Secretary had some prior knowledge of the ill-fated mission these brave Ohio volunteers had embarked upon just a year earlier, but the details of that mission and the commandos' subsequent imprisonment exceeded his expectations.

The youngest member of the six was Ohio Army private Jacob Parrott, though he was not the youngest of the original group. The whereabouts of 17 year old James (Ovid) Smith was still uncertain. He had been captured near Huntsville, Alabama before the mission had begun, then escaped the previous October. Nineteen year old Samuel Robertson's fate was not so unclear....he had been hanged by the enemy for his role in the daring commando group that became known as 'Andrews Raiders'.

All 21 raiders, including the two who had failed to board the train for its 87 mile race into history, were captured. In Atlanta James Andrews was tried and convicted as a spy. On June 7th he was hanged. Eleven days later on June 18th seven more raiders including the civilian William Campbell and his friend Private Shadrach and two of the three NCOs were also hanged as spies. The remaining 14 young soldiers were placed in prison camps to await what they assumed would be a similar fate. Bold, daring and with nothing to loose they engineered a daring escape four months later with 8 of them reaching safety, the other six being recaptured. It was these six young men, recently released in exchange for Confederate prisoners, who now stood before the Secretary of War to recount the tale of their ordeal.

The Secretary was moved by the story. Then a thought crossed his mind and he stepped briefly into an adjoining room at the War Department, returning momentarily with something in his hand. "Congress," he told the young men, "has by recent law ordered medals to be prepared on this model. Your party shall have the first; they will be the first that have been given to private soldiers in this war." Then he stepped before the youngest of the group, Private Jacob Parrott and presented the FIRST Medal of Honor ever awarded. When he had followed suit with the remaining five he walked them to the White House to meet the President, setting the stage for a tradition that would dominate similar presentations beginning some half century later.

The following September, 9 more of the raiders were presented Medals of Honor for their participation in the raid. Eventually 19 of the 24 men including four of those hanged as spies were awarded Medals of Honor. As civilians neither James J. Andrews or William Campbell were eligible for the award. Below are the names of the 19....Private Philip Schadrach not among them. For Private Schadrach had served, been tried and hanged...under an assumed name.

[SAMWolf]

Known as "Andrews' Raiders


James J. Andrews

James J. Andrews,     Kentucky, Leader               Hung 
William. Knight,      Co. E, 21st Ohio Volunteers.   Escaped 
Wilson H. Brown,      Co. F, 21st Ohio.              Escaped
Mark Wood,            Co. C, 21st Ohio.              Escaped 
Alfred Wilson,        Co. C, 21st Ohio.              Escaped 
John R. Porter,       Co. G, 21st Ohio.              Escaped 
Robert Buffum,        Co. H, 21st Ohio.              Exchanged 
William Bensinger,    Co. G, 21st Ohio.              Exchanged 
John Scott,           Co. F, 21st Ohio.              Hung 
Sargent E. A. Mason   Co. K, 21st Ohio.              Exchanged
Daniel A. Dorsey,     Co. H, 33d Ohio.               Escaped 
Martin J. Hawkins,    Co. A, 33d Ohio.               Escaped 
John Whollan(Wollam), Co. C, 33d Ohio.               Escaped 
Jacob Parrot,         Co. K, 33d Ohio. Corporal      Exchanged 
William Reddick,      Co. B, 33d Ohio.               Exchanged 
Samuel Roberson       Co. G, 33d Ohio.               Hung 
Samuel Slavens,       Co. D, 33d Ohio.               Hung 
William Pittinger,    Co. G, 2d Ohio. Corporal       Exchanged 
George D. Wilson,     Co. B, 2d Ohio.                Hung 
Marion Ross,          Co. A, 2d Ohio, Sergeant-Major Hung 
Perry D. Shadrack,    Co. K, 2d Ohio.                Hung 
William. Campbell     Kentucky.                      Hung 

In Pursuit of the Raiders

Crew of the General

Conductor William Fuller

William A. Fuller, Conductor
E. Jefferson (Jeff) Cain, Engineer
Anthony Murphy, Foreman of Machinery and Motive Power for the Western and Atlantic Railroad

Crew of the Texas

Peter James Bracken, Engineer
Henry Haney, Fireman
Fleming Cox, Engineer - Mr. Cox was an engineer on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad who relived Haney as fireman.
Alonzo Martin - boarded in Calhoun. Unloaded tender car.

Others involved:

Edward R. Henderson - Telegraph operator (messenger), Dalton
Jackson Bond - worked at Moon's Station. Continued on with the pursuers to Ringgold.

The Locomotives

The General - Combined passenger-frieght train that ran from Atlanta to Chattanooga and back. The train stolen by Andrews' Raiders

The Texas - Freight train that was heading south on the W&ARR. Picked up by Fuller and the pursuers south of Adairsville.

The Yonah - First train picked up by the pursuers at Etowah Station.

William R. Smith - Train on the Rome RR. "Long Bill" Smith was first president of the railroad.

The Catoosa - Often overlooked player in the Great Locomotive Chase, the crew of the Catoosa nearly ended the chase north of Adairsville. After letting the General go by, and seeing the Texas following, they joined the run behind the Texas.

Additional Sources:

www.locomotivegeneral.com
www.cviog.uga.edu

[SAMWolf]

The original mission had been proposed by 33 year old Virginian and Union spy James J. Andrews, and quickly embraced by Union Generals Buell and Mitchell. In fact Brigadier General Ormsby Mitchell was so enamored with the plan that he personally joined Andrews when he went to three Ohio regiments on April 7, 1862 to enlist volunteers for the daring foray into enemy territory. In all, 23 young soldiers volunteered their services despite Andrew's very limited briefing. A 24th man joined the group. He was civilian William Campbell who happened to be visiting his friend Private Philip Shadrach at the time. When Shadrach volunteered to join the effort, the 200 pound William Campbell volunteered to join him.

The brave soldiers were told little more than that they should separate into small groups and travel separately through enemy lines to Marietta, Georgia. Four days later 21 of the volunteers had successfully arrived to meet Andrews in the small city just north of Atlanta, and the plans for their daring raid unfolded. Their mission was to purchase tickets as passengers on a Confederate train, then take control of the train and travel north 100 miles to Chattanooga wreaking havoc and burning bridges along the way to disrupt Confederate troop movements and communications.

[SAMWolf]

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[SAMWolf]

[SAMWolf]

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[GailA]

Morning FRiends...today's graphic

[Soaring Feather]

Good Morning Sam, everyone.

[SAMWolf]

Good Morning GailA and Feather. Anyone remember the Walt Disney movie they made of this event?

[GailA]

Sure don't..I'm not much of a disney fan.

[SAMWolf]

Well It was a looooong time ago.

[Valin]

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on April 11:
1370 Frederick I the Warlike elector of Saxony
1586 Pietro Della Valle composer
1602 Johann Neukrantz composer
1638 Diogo Diaz Melgaz composer
1661 Antoine Coypel French painter/poet
1681 Anne Danican Philidor composer
1682 Jean-Joseph Mouret composer
1715 John Alcock composer
1722 Christopher Smart English poet & journalist (Ceremony of Carols)
1735 Pierre Nicolas La Houssaye composer
1769 Johann Georg Lickl composer
1770 George Canning (C) British PM (1827)
1772 Manuel José Quintana Spanish author/poet (El Duque de Viseo)
1775 Charles-François Dumonchau composer
1779 Louise Reichardt composer
1793 Nicolaas C Kist Dutch church historian/archivist
1794 Edward Everett Dorchester MA, (Governor-MA), statesman/orator
1801 Claude Tillier French journalist/writer (My Uncle Benjamin)
1815 Klara Fey German orchestra leader (Deutscher Arbeiterverein)
1825 Ferdinand Lassalle French politician/founder (Allgemeiner)
1837 Ephraim Elmer Ellsworth Colonel (Union Army), died in 1861
1838 Joseph Leopold Rockel composer
1840 John Conrad Nordqvist composer
1854 Hugh Massie cricketer (Australian batsman of the 1880's)
1856 Arthur Shrewsbury cricketer (dominant England bat late 19th cent)
1856 Constantly Lievens Flemish missionary in India
1859 Basil Harwood composer
1862 Charles Evans Hughs 11th Chief Justice of Supreme Court (1930-41)
1862 William W Campbell US astronomer/director Lick Observatory
1866 Carla Ford Henry's wife
1867 John P Lotsy Dutch botanist/geneticist (Genetics)
1879 Leendert Round Dutch sculptor (entrance Rotterdam Zoo)
1881 Harvey Bartlett Gaul composer
1883 Leonard Mudie England, actor (Magnetic Monster, British Intelligence)
1888 Donald Calthrop London, actor (Blackmail, Scrooge, Rome Express)
1889 Nick La Rocca US coronetist/composer (Tiger Rag)
1893 Dean G Acheson statesman/US Secretary of State (1949-53)
1893 Johannes T Thijsse Dutch founder (Waterloopkundig lab Delft)
1897 Caspar Neher German set designer/librettist
1898 Lou Holtz comedian/actor (Follow the Leader)
1899 Percy L Julian chemist (drugs for treatment of arthritis)
19-- Cathie Shirriff Toronto Ontario Canada, actress (Ripley's Believe It or Not, Shaping Up)
1901 Glenway Wescott American writer (Apartment in Athens)
1901 Adriano Olivetti Italian engineer/manufacturer (typewriter)
1901 Theodor Rogalski composer
1902 Quentin Reynolds New York NY, newscaster (Its News to Me)/author (FBI)
1904 Arthur Ernest Mourant haematologist
1904 Paul McGrath Chicago IL, actor (Witness, No Time for Love)
1907 Paul Douglas Philadelphia PA, actor (Adventure Theater, Clash by Night)
1907 William Henry Swinburne music teacher
1908 Karel Ancerl Czechoslovakia, conductor (Prague/Toronto)
1908 Leo Rosten writer/humourist
1908 Masura Ibuka industrialist
1910 Antonio Sebastiao Ribiero de Spínola General/President of Portugal
1910 Henry William Collins artist
1911 Stella Walsh-Stanislawa-Walasiewicz Poland, sprinter (Olympics-gold-32, won 41 AAU track titles)
1912 John Larkin Oakland CA, actor (Saints & Sinners, 12 O'Clock High)
1913 Oleg Cassini Paris France, fashion designer (Jackie Kennedy)
1915 [Hanlon] Pat Clarke cyclist
1916 Alberto E Ginastera Buenos Aires Argentina, composer (Panambi)
1916 Dan Fortmann NFL guard (Chicago Bears)
1916 Howard Koch producer/director (Frankenstein, Airplane II)
1918 Cameron Mitchell actor (Hombre, How to Marry a Millionaire)
1918 Jean-Claude Servan-Schreiber journalist
1918 Richard Wainwright MP
1918 William Perrie British prison governor
1919 Hugh Carey (Governor-Democrat-NY)
1919 Raymond Carr Warden (St Antony's College Oxford)
1920 Marlen Haushofer writer
1921 Jeff Stollmeyer cricketer (West Indies batsman pre/post-war)
1921 Virginia O'Brien Los Angeles CA, actress (Francis in the Navy)
1921 Viscount Buckmaster
1922 Alexander Raichev composer
1922 Antoine Blondin writer
1925 Johan van Zonderen painter
1925 Oscar De Ville CEO (Meyer International)
1925 Rik Kuijpers Belgian director (Sea gulls die in the harbor)
1926 Gervase de Peyer clarinettist
1926 Robert Hall Lewis composer
1927 Domenico Guaccero composer
1928 Ethel [Skakel] Kennedy Chicago IL, wife of Bobby
1929 Lawrence Coughlin (Representative-Republican-PA, 1969- )
1930 Carl Franklin Richmond CA, actor (Fantastic Journey)
1930 Nicholas F Brady US Secretary of Treasury (1988-93)
1930 Clive Exton scriptwriter & playwright
1930 James Alan Ferman secretary (British Board of Film Classification)
1930 Joseph Burnett-Stuart CEO (Robert Fleming Holdings)
1930 Kazuo Fukushima composer
1930 W G [Bill] Hefner (Representative-Democrat-NC, 1975- )
1931 John[ny] Sheffield Pasadena CA, actor (boy in many Tarzan movies)
1932 F Gregory Neubeck USAF pilot
1932 Joel Grey [Joe Katz] Cleveland OH, actor (Cabaret, Remo Williams, 7% Solution)
1932 Max Schubel composer
1933 Tony Brown Charleston WV, newsman (Tony Brown's Journal)
1934 Mark Strand American poet/editor/translator (Another Republic)
1934 Dame Anne Poole chief nursing officer (Department of Health)
1934 Richard A Garland artist/photographer
1935 Pierre Kartner [Father Abraham], Dutch singer (Smurf Song)
1935 Richard Berry musician
1936 Janet Allen Headmistress (Benenden School)
1938 Michael Deaver politician/influence peddler (S&L scandal)
1939 Louise Lasser New York NY, actress (Mary Hartman! Mary Hartman!)
1941 Frederick "Rick" Hauck Long Beach CA, astronaut (STS-7, STS 51-A, STS-26)
1941 David Lyle Boren (Senator-Democrat-OK, 1979- )
1942 Anatoli Nikolayevich Berezovoi Enem Adygeya Russia, cosmonaut (Soyuz T-5)
1943 E J Dommering Dutch lawyer
1943 Elmer R Wilsoe Island mayor (Curaçao)
1944 John Milius writer (Red Dawn, 1941, Big Wednesday)
1944 R J B Knight deputy director (National Maritime Museum)
1945 Robert Fripp guitarist (King Crimson)
1947 Peter Riegert New York NY, actor (Americathon, Animal House, Crossing Delancey)
1947 Michael Hindley British Member of European Parliament
1947 Michael Wright Vice-Chancello, (Aston University)
1947 Ulrich Edel Neuenburg am Rhein West Germany, film director (The Little Vampire, Body of Evidence)
1948 Ellen Goodman syndicated columnist
1950 Bill Irwin Santa Monica, actor (My Blue Heaven, Scenes From a Mall)
1951 Robbie House rocker (Snuff)
1952 Michael Daly Toronto Ontario Canada, Canadian Tour golfer (1991 British Columbia Winter Tour)
1954 Chris Difford rocker (Squeeze)
1955 Michele Scarabelli Montréal Québec Canada, actress (Jo Santini-Airwolf, Alienation, Dallas)
1955 Piers J Sellers Sussex England, PhD/astronaut
1957 Everton Mattis cricketer (West Indies batsman early 80's)
1958 [William] Stuart Adamson Manchester England, rock vocalist/guitarist (Big Country-Wonderland)
1958 John Castellanos San Diego CA, actor (John Silva-Young and Restless)
1958 Sally Clark Feilding New Zealand, equestrian 3 day event (Olympics-silver-96)
1961 Lucky Vanous Lincoln NE, model (GQ, Diet Coke)
1962 André Wasiman soccer player (FC Volendam)
1962 Terry Hoage NFL wide receiver (Arizona Cardinals)
1963 Eddy Moya El Paso TX, actor
1963 Elizabeth Smylie Perth Australia, tennis star (1987 Oklahoma City)
1966 Dave Richards NFL guard (Atlanta Falcons)
1966 Kara McGaw Toronto Ontario Canada, softball rightfielder (Olympics-96)
1966 Lisa Stansfield English pop singer (Around the World)
1966 Mark Higgs NFL running back (Arizona Cardinals)
1966 Steve Scarsone Anaheim CA, infielder (San Francisco Giants)
1967 Lachlan Dreher Australian field hockey goal keeper (Olympics-silver-92, 96)
1967 Mark Seay NFL wide receiver (San Diego Chargers, Philadelphia Eagles)
1967 Stefan Johnstown Norwegian speed walker (world record 20 km)
1967 Wendel Suckow Marquette MI, luger (Olympics-1994)
1968 Eric Moten NFL guard/tackle (San Diego Chargers)
1969 Gavin Briant cricketer (Zimbabwe Test batsman 1993)
1969 J Nick Adamson Freeport Bahamas, US laser yachter (Olympics-21st-1996)
1969 Janeth Arcain WNBA forward (Houston Comets)
1969 Jesse Campbell NFL safety (New York Giants, Washington Redskins)
1970 Delroy Pearson Romford Essex England, rocker (Five Star-Between the Lines)
1970 Joe Vitiello Cambridge MA, infielder (Kansas City Royals)
1970 Sean Bergman Joliet IL, pitcher (San Diego Padres)
1970 Trevor Linden Medicine Hat, NHL right wing (Canucks, New York Islanders)
1972 Avo Avetisyan WLAF defensive linesman (Amsterdam Admirals)
1972 Dietrich Jells wide receiver (New England Patriots)
1972 Kunihiko Sakurai hockey forward (Team Japan 1998)
1972 Nicole Levesque WNBA guard (Charlotte Sting)
1972 Ted Johnson linebacker (New England Patriots)
1973 Blake Brockermeyer NFL tackle (Green Bay Packers, Carolina Panthers)
1973 Monica Chala Miss Ecuador-Universe (1996)
1973 Reggie Tongue NFL safety (Kansas City Chiefs)
1974 Alex Corretja Barcelona Spain, tennis star (1990 Orange Bowl boys 16)
1974 Sascha van Wissen Dutch soccer player (MVV)
1975 Terry Cousin NFL cornerback (Chicago Bears)
1978 Victor Sikora soccer player (Go Ahead Eagles)
1984 ? 1st deep freeze baby, in Australia

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Deaths which occurred on April 11:
0678 Donus Italian Pope (676-78), dies
1034 Romanus III Argyrus Byzantine emperor (1028-34), assasinated by wife
1240 Llywelyn ab Iorwerth the Great monarch of Wales (1194-1240), dies
1500 Michael T Marullus Greeks poet, drowns
1512 Gaston de Foix French pretender to Navarra throne, dies in battle
1648 Matthaus Apelles von Lowenstern composer, dies at 53
1729 Manuel de Egues composer, dies at 71
1783 Nikita I Panin Russian earl/ambassador in Denmark, dies at 64
1810 Jakob Zupan composer, dies at 75
1812 Gottlieb Schick German painter (Opfer Noachs), dies at 35
1838 Pieter L Uys South African pioneer (Great Pull), murdered at 40
1839 John Galt Scottish writer (Last of the Lairds), dies at 59
1842 John England bishop of Charleston Carolina, dies
1853 Louis Emmanuel Eadin composer, dies
1854 Karl Adolph von Basedow German Democratic Republic (Ziekte van Basedow), dies at 55
1875 Heinrich Schwabe discoverer of 11-year sunspot cycle, dies
1881 Kristian Mandrup Elster Norwegian author (Torn Trondal), dies at 40
1887 Pyotr Petrovich Sokal'sky composer, dies at 54
1901 Ivar Christian Hallstrom composer, dies at 74
1902 Hendrik Potgieter South African Boer General, dies in battle
1903 Gemma Galgani Italian saint, dies at 25
1906 James A Bailey circus showman (Barnum & Bailey), dies at 58
1906 Georgi Apollonovitch Gapon Russian-orthodox clergyman/tsarist agent, dies
1916 Richard Harding Davis journalist, dies at 52
1918 Arthur Ochse cricketer (WWI played for South Africa in 1889 aged 19), dies
1921 Virginia O'Brien Los Angeles CA, actress (Francis in the Navy)
1921 Augusta Victoria Queen of Prussia/wife of Emperor Wilhelm II, dies
1936 Mitya Stillman composer, dies at 44
1939 SS Van Dine [William Huntingdon Wright] detective writer, dies at 50
1945 Kamiel van Baelen Flemish resistance fighter (in Dachau), dies at 29
1952 Wadi' Sabra composer, dies at 76
1961 Francis de Bourguignon composer, dies at 70
1969 Ludvig Irgens Jensen composer, dies at 74
1970 Cathy O'Donnell dies at 66
1970 John H O'Hara US journalist (Pal Joey, Rage to Live), dies at 65
1973 Ted Decorsia actor (Police Chief Hegedorn-Steve Canyon), dies at 69
1974 Curt Conway dies
1975 Dorothy Patten dies at 70
1976 Liam Dunn dies a 59
1977 Jacques Prévert French poet (La puil et le beau), dies at 77
1980 Charlotte Henry dies
1980 Florence Lake dies
1981 Marie Ney dies at 85
1983 Dolores Del Rio actress (Cheyenne Autumn), dies at 78
1985 Enver Hoxha party leader/premier of Albania, dies at 76
1987 Erskine Caldwell novelist (Tobacco Road), dies at 83
1987 Kent Taylor actor (Boston Blackie, Rough Riders), dies at 79
1987 Primo Levi Italy, chemist/writer (Survival in Auschwitz), dies at 67
1988 David Prater US singer (Sam & Dave-Soul Man), dies in car crash at 50
1988 Jeff Donnell actor (Hoedown, 9 Girls), dies of a heart attack at 66
1989 Henk van Galen Last Dutch journalist, dies at 68
1990 Barbara Ann Miller dies
1991 Tom Rosqui dies at 62
1992 Adele Dixon singer/actress (Uneasy Virtue), dies of pneumonia at 83
1992 Eve Merriam poet (Inner City Mother Goose), dies of cancer at 75
1992 James Brown actor (Rip-Adventures of Rin Tin Tin), dies at 72
1993 Mohammed el-Himi Brigadier-General of Egyptian police, murdered
1993 Rachmon Nabiyev President of Tadzjikistan (1973..92), dies at 63
1994 Johan Block Dutch aviation pioneer (Martinair/Transavia), dies at 64
1996 Daniel Wolf journalist, dies at 80
1996 Edwin Clarke historian/neurologist, dies at 76
1996 Jessica Dubroff hoped to be youngest to fly across US, crashed at 7
1996 Louis Osman artist/goldsmith/craftsman, dies at 82
1996 Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet advertising magnate, dies at 89
1997 Michael Dorris writer, commits suicide at 52

---

Reported: MISSING in ACTION

1965 SWANSON WILLIAM E. MINNEAPOLIS MN.
FLAK CRASH EXPLODE

1968 WHITTEMORE FREDERICK H. CARSON CITY NV. NV.

1970 NELSON JAN HOUSTON CLEARWATER FL.

1971 BUERK WILLIAM CARL LOS ANGELES CA.


POW / MIA Data & Bios supplied by the
P.O.W. NETWORK. Skidmore, MO. USA.
Information on how to RETURN a bracelet.

---

On this day...
0672 Deusdedit III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
0678 Donus ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1471 King Edward IV of England conquers London from Henry VI
1512 Battle at Ravenna France under Gaston de Foix beat Spanish Army
1551 English premier John Dudley appointed duke of Northumberland
1564 England & France sign Peace of Troyes
1564 Liege Prince-Bishop Robert van Bergen resigns
1567 Dutch Prince William of Orange flees from Antwerp to Breda
1579 Venlo joins Union of Utrecht
1580 Drenthe joins Union of Utrecht
1677 Battle at Montcassel, French troops beat Prince William III
1689 William III & Mary II crowned as joint rulers of Britain
1713 Peace of Utrecht; France cedes Maritime provinces to Britain - English, Prussian, Savoois, Portuguese & French peace treaty
1801 Johann von Schiller's "Die Jungfrau von Orleans", premieres in Leipzig
1814 1st abdication of France by Napoleon; he is exiled to Elba
1830 Robert Schumann attends piano concerto by Paganini
1848 Hungary becomes constitutional monarchy under king Ferdinand of Austria
1856 Battle of Rivas; Costa Rica beats Wm Walker's invading Nicaraguans
1862 Rebels surrender Fort Pulaski GA
1863 Battle of Suffolk VA (Norfleet House)
1865 Battle of Mobile AL - evacuated by Confederates
1865 Lincoln urges a spirit of generous conciliation during reconstruction
1876 Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks is organized
1876 Sir Charles Gordon ends religious tolerance in Sudan
1881 River ferry "Princess Victoria" sinks in Thames River Ontario, 180 die
1881 Spelman College founded
1890 Ellis Island designated as an immigration station
1891 8 year old Jewish tailor's daughter disappears in Greece, rumour spreads that she was a Christian girl ritually killed by Jews
1895 Anaheim completes its new electric light system
1898 President William McKinley asks for Spanish-American War declaration
1899 Treaty of Paris is ratified, ending war; Spain cedes Puerto Rico to US
1900 US Navy's 1st submarine made its debut
1902 Battle at Rooiwal, South-Africa
1906 Einstein introduces his Theory of Relativity
1907 New York Giant Roger Bresnahan becomes 1st catcher to wear shin guards
1912 Cornerstone of Technion in Haifa Palestine laid
1914 George Bernard Shaw's "Pygmalion", premieres
1917 Babe Ruth beats New York Yankees, pitching 3-hit 10-3 win for Red Sox
1921 Iowa imposes 1st state cigarette tax
1921 KDKA broadcast the 1st radio sporting event, a boxing match (Ray-Dundee)
1921 Turkestan ASSR is established in Russian SFSR
1924 1st men's college swimming championships begin
1924 WLS-AM in Chicago IL begins radio transmissions
1924 Socialists win Denmark's parliamentary elections
1925 Abd el-Krims Rifkabylen beats French army in Morocco
1926 Flemish Economic Covenant (VEV) forms in Ghent
1927 Chilean General Carlos Ibáñez names himself president
1929 KLO-AM in Ogden UT begins radio transmissions
1929 Loetafoon celluloid film system demonstrated in Amsterdam
1933 Hermann Göring becomes premier of Prussia
1936 Rodgers & Hammerstein's musical "On Your Toes", premieres in NYC
1936 Stanley Cup Detroit Red Wings beat Toronto Maple Leafs, 3 games to 1
1939 Hungary leaves League of Nations
1941 Germany blitzes Conventry, England
1941 Jewish Weekly newspaper taken control by Nazi's
1941 Nazi occupiers in Netherlands confiscate Jewish assets
1942 Distinguished Service Medal for Merchant Marines authorized
1943 Frank Piasecki, Vertol founder, flies his 1st (single-rotor) craft
1944 RAF bombs census bureau in The Hague
1945 Allies liberate 1st Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald, Germany
1945 SS burns & shoots 1,100 at Gardelegen
1945 US captures Tsugen Shima
1945 US troops conquers Mülheim, Oberhausen, Bochum, Unna, Essen
1948 12th Golf Masters Championship Claude Harmon wins, shooting a 279
1950 Prince Rainier III becomes ruler of Monaco
1950 US B-29 bomber shot down above Latvia
1951 President Harry Truman fires General Douglas McArthur
1953 Oveta Culp Hobby becomes 1st at Health, Education, & Welfare
1954 Marlene Bauer wins LPGA New Orleans Golf Open
1955 Sobers starts run of 85 Test Cricket appearances for West Indies uninterrupted
1956 Singer Nat Cole attacked on stage of Birmingham theater by whites
1956 French government decides to sends 200,000 reservists to Algeria
1957 Ryan X-13 Vertijet becomes 1st jet to take-off & land vertically
1957 Pablo Neruda arrested in Buenos Aires
1958 Brooks Hall in Civic Center dedicated (San Francisco)
1959 "Jamaica" closes at Imperial Theater NYC after 558 performances
1959 Dodger pitcher Don Drysdale hits his 2nd Opening Day homerun
1959 Dutch prince Bernhard visits Lockheed factory
1960 1st weather satellite launched (Tiros 1)
1961 Bob Dylan's 1st appearance at Folk City, Greenwich Village
1961 Israel begins the Adolf Eichman WWII crimes trial
1961 15th NBA Championship Boston Celtics beat St Louis Hawks, 4 games to 1
1961 Austrian 4th & last government of Raab resigns
1962 New York Mets make a losing debut
1963 John XXIII encyclical "On peace in truth, justice, charity & liberty"
1963 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1963 Warren Spahn beats Mets 6-1 for his 328th win (most by a lefty)
1964 "Anyone Can Whistle" closes at Majestic Theater NYC after 9 performances
1965 40 tornadoes strike US midwest killing 272 & injuring 5,000
1965 29th Golf Masters Championship Jack Nicklaus wins, shooting a 271
1966 Emmett Ashford becomes 1st black major league umpire
1966 30th Golf Masters Championship Jack Nicklaus wins, shooting a 288; Jack Nicklaus is the 1st man to win consecutive Masters
1967 Harlem (NYC) voters defy Congress & reelect Adam Clayton Powell Jr
1967 "Illya Darling" opens at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC for 320 performances
1967 Tom Stoppard's "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead", premieres
1968 President Lyndon Johnson signs 1968 Civil Rights Act
1968 Polish Marshal Spychalski succeeds Ochab as president
1968 West Berlin student Rudi Dutschke seriously wounded at demonstration
1968 WHED TV channel 15 in Hanover NH (PBS) begins broadcasting
1969 South African President Frederik de Klerk marries Marike Willemse
1970 Apollo 13 launched to Moon; unable to land, returns in 6 days
1970 Beatles' "Let It Be", single goes #1 & stays #1 for 2 weeks
1970 San Francisco beats Cincinnati 2-1, only day Reds aren't in 1st place in 1970
1971 "Johnny Johnson" opens/closes at Edison Theater NYC for 1 performance
1971 35th Golf Masters Championship Charles Coody wins, shooting a 279
1971 WBFF TV channel 45 in Baltimore MD (IND) begins broadcasting
1972 Benjamin L Hooks, named to the FCC
1972 USSR performs underground nuclear test
1974 WWII war criminal JP Philippa arrested
1975 JP Parise 11 second OT goal-Islanders 1st playoff advance eliminates Rangers
1975 Hank Aaron returns as a Milwaukee player (Brewers)
1976 40th Golf Masters Championship Ray Floyd wins, shooting a 271
1977 Ireland sets fishing zone at 50 mile
1979 Ugandan dictator Idi Amin overthrown; Tanzania takes Kampala
1980 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission regulates sexual harrassment
1980 Paul McCartney releases "Coming Up"
1981 Ronald Reagan arrives home from hospital after Hinkley shot him
1981 Valerie Bertinelli marries Eddie Van Halen
1981 Larry Holmes beats Trevor Holmes in 15 for heavyweight boxing title
1981 Race riot in London area of Brixton
1982 Pittsburgh Penguins 5-New York Islanders 2-Preliminary-Series tied at 2-2
1982 46th Golf Masters Championship Craig Stadler wins, shooting a 284
1983 NASA launches RCA-F
1983 3rd Golden Raspberry Awards Inchon! wins
1983 47th Golf Masters Championship Seve Ballesteros wins, shooting a 280
1983 55th Academy Awards - "Gandhi", Ben Kingsley & Meryl Streep win
1984 Challenger astronauts complete 1st in space satellite repair
1984 Soyuz T-11 returns to Earth
1984 Chinese troops invade Vietnam
1984 General Secretary Konstantin U Chernenko named President of Soviet Union
1985 Washington Capitals 2-New York Islanders 1 (OT)-Patrick Division Semifinals- Capitals hold 2-0 lead
1986 Dodge Morgan completes nonstop sail solo around the world in 150 days
1986 Halley's Comet makes closest approach to Earth this trip, 63 million km
1986 KXA-AM in Seattle WA changes call letters to KRPM
1986 A Canadain 1921 50¢ piece auctioned in NYC for $22,000
1987 Yankees score 12 runs in 7th inning vs Kansas City Royals
1987 Zoja Ivanova wins 2nd female World Cup marathon (2:30:39)
1988 Royal Concert building in Amsterdam reopens
1989 1st playoff goal scored by a goalee, Ron Hextall of the Philadelphia Flyers
1989 Philadelphia Flyers score short-handed into an empty net beating Capitals 8-5
1990 California Angels Mark Langston & Mike Witt, no-hit Seattle Mariners, 1-0
1990 New York Rangers beat New York Islanders 6-1, Rangers lead 3-1 in preliminary
1990 New York Lotto pays $35 million to two winners (#s are 6-14-24-32-34-51)
1991 NYC's Museum of Broadcasting becomes "Museum of Radio & Television"
1991 Space Shuttle STS 37 (Atlantis 8) lands
1991 UN Security Council issues formal cease fire with Iraq declaration
1991 "Miss Saigon", opens at Broadway Theater NYC
1992 Boston Red Sox beat Cleveland Indians, 7-5, in 19 innings
1992 BPAA US Open by Robert Lawrence
1992 Cleveland Indians set team record for long game lose to Boston Red Sox (19 innings - 6½ hours)
1992 Country singer Lee Greenwood weds Miss Tennessee 1989 (Kimberly Payne)
1992 Euro-Disney opens near Paris France
1992 Irish Republican Army bombs London financial district, killing 3
1993 57th Golf Masters Championship Bernhard Langer wins, shooting a 277
1993 Jeff Rouse swims world record 100 meter backstroke (51.43 seconds)
1993 Kirsan Ilumzjinov installed as President of Kalmukkie
1996 "King & I", premieres at Neil Simon Theater in NYC for 781 performances
1996 Detroit Red Wings become 2nd NHL team to win 60 games in a season
1999 63rd Golf Masters Championship

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Costa Rica : Juan Santamaria Day/Battle of Rivas Commemoration (1856)
Czechoslovakia : Resistance Movement Day (1945)
Egypt : Shan-et-Nissin
Liberia : Fast & Prayer Day

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Religious Observances
Roman Catholic : Commemoration of St Leo I, pope [440-61], doctor
Roman Catholic : Memorial of St Stanislaus, bishop, martyr
Anglican : Commemoration of George Augustus Selwyn, bishop of New Zealand & Litchfield

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Religious History
1506 The foundation stone of the new St. Peter's Basilica was laid under the patronage of Julius II. (The church was not completed, however, until 1626.)
1834 Birth of Marcus Dods, Scottish clergyman and biblical scholar. His published works in New Testament studies helped popularize modern biblical scholarship in Great Britain.
1836 English philanthropist George Mueller opened his famous orphanage on Wilson Street in Bristol. (By 1875, Mueller's orphanage was providing care for over 2,000 children.)
1941 French-born American Trappist monk Thomas Merton affirmed in his "Secular Journal": 'If we are willing to accept humiliation, tribulation can become, by God's grace, the mild yoke of Christ, His light burden.'
1967 The Full Gospel Fellowship of Churches and Ministers International, formed in Dallas in 1962, changed its name to Christ for the Nations. This charismatic missions agency specializes in fund-raising and support for church construction and Christian literature distribution worldwide.

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Thought for the day :
"Fear is the tax that conscience pays to guilt."

[SAMWolf]

1956 French government decides to sends 200,000 reservists to Algeria

Where they immediately surrendered to a German tourist group in the Algiers market place.

[Jen]

FALL IN to the FReeper Foxhole!

To be removed from this list, please send me a blank private reply with "REMOVE" in the subject line! Thanks! Jen

[WhiskeyPapa]

I can remember as a child growing up in Chattanooga when the courts were giving the General back to Georgia. Mayor Kelley took the Chattanooga police to the train yard and stopped them. I think the court case over taking the General went on about seven years.

Walt

[Alkhin]

HI there AntiJen!!

thanks for keeping me pinged!

CANTINA PING!

[SAMWolf]

Morning Jen.

[SAMWolf]

I got to see the General when I went down South on vacation many moons ago.

[Mudboy Slim]

"SUN-TZU: THE PRINCIPLES OF WARFARE
"THE ART OF WAR"

Chapter Three: Planning Attacks

Sun-tzu said:

"Generally in warfare, keeping a nation intact is best, destroying a nation second best; keeping an army intact is best, destroying an army second best; keeping a battalion intact is best, destroying a battalion second best; keeping a company intact is best, destroying a company second best; keeping a squad intact is best, destroying a squad second best."

"Therefore, to gain a hundred victories in a hundred battles is not the highest excellence; to subjugate the enemy's army without doing battle is the highest of excellence."

"Therefore, the best warfare strategy is to attack the enemy's plans, next is to attack alliances, next is to attack the army, and the worst is to attack a walled city. Laying siege to a city is only done when other options are not available."

"To build large protective shields, armored wagons, and make ready the necessary arms and equipment will require at least three months. To build earthen mounds against the walls will require another three months. If the general cannot control his temper and sends troops to swarm the walls, one third of them will be killed, and the city will still not be taken. This is the kind of calamity when laying siege to a walled city."

"Therefore, one who is skilled in warfare principles subdues the enemy without doing battle, takes the enemy's walled city without attacking, and overthrows the enemy quickly, without protracted warfare. His aim must be to take All-Under-Heaven intact. Therefore, weapons will not be blunted, and gains will be intact."

Regime Change in Iraq will happen with less bloodshed than is commonly assumed...MUD

31 posted on 10/17/2002 2:17 PM EDT by Mudboy Slim

Still true...MUD