The FReeper Foxhole Remembers The Fall of the Alamo - Mar. 6th, 2003

http://alamo-de-parras.welkin.org/history/hframe.html ^

[SAMWolf]

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The Fall Of The Alamo (1836)

Day One – Tuesday February 23, 1836

The garrison's sentries spot the advance of Santa Anna's Cavalry units. After scouts confirm the Mexican army's presence, Colonel William B. Travis orders a withdrawal into the Alamo compound.



In a parley with Mexican Colonel Juan Almonte the Texians are ordered to surrender or be put to the sword.

Travis answers the Mexican's terms with a volley from the 18-pounder.

Day Two – Wednesday February 24, 1836

The second day of the siege began early with the Texians facing a newly established battery erected by the Mexicans during the night. The battery consisted of two eight-pounders and a howitzer and was located approximately 400 yards to the west of the fort. It was known as the River Battery.

The defenders were busy that night as well. They had captured at least one Mexican soldier and six pack mules during a nighttime patrol. According to Enrique Esparza, the defenders used the captured soldier to decipher bugle calls for the Texians throughout the siege.

Sometime around eleven that morning, Santa Anna began his survey of the Alamo fortifications and surrounding area to familiarize himself with the area.

The Mexican army pillaged the Texian's stores in Béxar and began the bombardment of the Alamo in earnest. The Texian artillery returned fire with no obvious results.

James Bowie, in command of the garrison, fell ill. The garrion's surgeon described his illness as a "A peculiar disease of a peculiar nature." Jim Bowie relinquished his command of the garrison to Travis.



The Alamo's well proved inadequate in supplying the garrison's water needs. This forced the defenders to obtain water from the acequia and reservoir to east of the compound setting the stage for several skirmishes.

Travis penned his "To the people of Texas and all Americans in the world" letter. Defender Albert Martin carried the letter from the Alamo and added his own comments to the back of the document.

Historians consider this letter to be one of the most stirring documents in American history because it helped to establish the Texian national identity.

Day Three – Thursday February 25, 1836

The morning of February 25, 1836 dawned with summer-like temperatures opening one of the most eventful days of the siege.


William Barret Travis

The Mexicans launched an attack with approximately 400 - 450 soldiers personally led by General Castrillon. The Matamoros Battalion and three companies of cazadores made up the attacking force. They came from the area of the river battery through Pueblo de Valero's jacales and buildings advancing to within 50-100 yards from the Alamo's walls.

After two hours of fighting, The Texians finally forced a Mexican withdrawal using the ditches and outworks. They inflicted only light casualties on their attackers. Sometime during the fighting, Texian sorties burned the jacales closest to the Alamo. At the same time, the Mexicans established new fortifications near the McMullen house.

As the Mexicans advanced through the pueblo, they discovered a young woman and her mother in one of the houses. Although already married, Santa Anna took advantage of the situation, arranged a false marriage, and quickly consummated the relationship.



That night, the temperatures dropped into the 30's. Under the cover of darkness, William B. Travis sent Colonel Juan Seguin to find General Houston and ask for help. The defenders ventured out again burning even more jacales. There is some evidence that at least nine men deserted the garrison and gave information to Santa Anna where the Texians had hidden at least 50 rifles.

The day's fighting was not a victory for the Texians. The Mexicans had established artillery and infantry entrenchments in La Villita and the Alameda, but the Texians proved that as unorganized as they were, they could fight.

Day Four – Friday February 26, 1836

The Texians burned more jacales during the night. It soon became obvious that the Alamo's water well would not supply the needs of a 150+ people in the garrison. They would have to obtain water from the nearby acequia.

The overnight arrival of a norther dropped the temperatures to near freezing. As daylight broke, a Texian foray went outside the walls to obtain water and wood. A small skirmish erupted with the Mexican troops under General Sesma. Mexican casualties were slightly heavier than in earlier fights due to the Texian's eastern-facing cannon.

Day Five – Saturday February 27, 1836

The fifth day of the siege was again cold with temperatures ranging in the 30s.

Having exhausted their own supplies, the Mexicans pillaged BŽjar of foodstuffs and perishables. When they in turn depleted these, they sent troops to nearby ranchos to forage livestock and corn.



In a decisive move, the Mexicans cut off the eastern acequia's water supply at its source: the San Antonio River. Not only did this end the minor skirmishes that had taken place from the beginning of the siege; it essentially eliminated the defender's major source of water.

The Matamoros battalion began work on trenches to the South of the Alamo compound. These entrenchments did not pass Santa Anna's inspection and so he ordered his men to dig new entrenchments closer to the Alamo under the direct supervision of General Amador.

Throughout the day, the Texians maintained constant fire on the Mexican work party. According to General Filisola, the Texians were seen working frantically on their own ditch inside the parapet of the cattle pen. This effort later proved fruitless and was harmful to the Alamo's defense by undermining the walls, essentially removing any walkway the defenders might have had exposing them to Mexican fire.

General Gaona received Santa Anna's letter of the 25th requesting him to send three battalions as quickly as possible. Gaona immediately complied, yet failed to forward any heavy siege guns because Santa Anna neglected to include this request in his dispatch.

Day Six – Sunday February 28, 1836

Mexicans receive intelligence that 200 Texian reinforcements from Goliad are en route to the Alamo.



The morale within the compound is high. According to Mrs. Dickinson, Crockett took up a fiddle and challenged John McGregor, a Scot with bagpipes, to a contest of instruments.

Day Seven – Monday February 29, 1836

The Mexican's Jimenez battalion and the cavalry under command of General Ramirez y Sesma are ordered down the Goliad road to intercept any reinforcements that might have been sent by Fannin.

The Mexicans propose a three-day armistice and several Tejanos leave Alamo during the cease-fire.

Day Eight – Tuesday March 1, 1836

Thirty-two reinforcements from Gonzales arrive.


Davy Crockett

General Sesma advances towards Goliad to seek out Texian reinforcements coming to the aid of the Alamo. Finding none, he returns to Bexar.

The Alamo's 12-pound gunnade fires two shots, one of them hitting Santa Anna's headquarters.

Day Nine – Wednesday March 2, 1836

Travis receives a report that there is corn at the Seguin ranch. He sends a detatchment headed by Lt. Menchaca to retrieve it.

Mexican forces discover a hidden road within pistol shot of the Alamo and post the Jimenez battalion there to cover it.

Unknown to the defenders, Independence has been declared at Washington-on-the-Brazos.

Day Ten – Thursday March 3, 1836

James Butler Bonham arrives with news of reinforcements. He reports that sixty men from Gonzales are due and that an additional 600 would soon be en route.



The Texians fire several shots into the city in celebration.

Santa Anna receives word of Mexican General Urrea's victory at San Patricio. In celebration, the Mexcians ring church bells and there is revelry in the camp.

The lead elements of General Gaona's Brigade arrive. These are reinforcements needed for a successful assault.

Day Eleven – Friday March 4, 1836

Santa Anna gathers his officers for a council of war.

It is decided that when the final assault takes place, that they will take no prisoners. The time for the assault will be determined tomorrow.


Jim Bowie

Having been consolidated into two batteries, the Mexican artillery, is brought to within 200 yards of the compound.

More Texian reinforcements arrive in the late hours.

Day Twelve – Saturday March 5, 1836

Santa Anna issues orders for the assault to begin on the following day utilizing four assault columns and one reserve column.

Santa Anna calls for reconnaissance to determine Mexican attack positions and approaches.

A messenger arrives at the compound with the grim news that reinforcements aren't coming.

Travis gathers his men and informs them of their options.

At midnight the Mexicans begin moving into attack position.

[Jen]

Frist said he hoped the first vote on cloture would pass and end this, but if not, make no mistake, they will seek to end the filibuster again, and again, and again until Miguel Estrada IS confirmed.

Voting NOW!!

[ALOHA RONNIE]

'ALAMO Legend, Take 2' = L.A. Times

http://www.TheAlamoFILM.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=729

[SAMWolf]

Thanks Aloha Ronnie, I've heard about this new version, I really think I'm going to pass from what I heard so far it's the "Evil, White, slave holders" version.

[Valin]

On This Day In History

Birthdates which occurred on March 06:
1405 Johan II King of Castille
1459 Jacob Fugger German banker/merchant
1475 Michelangelo Buonarroti painter/sculptor/architect (David, Pièta)
1483 Francesco Guicciardini Italy, attorney/president of Romagna
1492 Jean Luis Vives Spanish theory/humanist/reformer
1495 Luigi Alamanni Italian poet (Opere Toscane, La Coltivazione)
1615 Jan Zoet actor/playwright/poet (Parnasssus aan 't Y)
1616 Malachias Siebenhaar composer
1619 Cyrano de Bergerac famous nose, dramatist (A Voyage to the Moon)
1698 John Alberti Dutch theologist/philologist
1710 Giuseppi Antonio Paganelli composer
1740 Giovanni Meli Siclian poet (Buccolica)
1761 Earl d'Andréossi French General/member of parliament
1763 Jean Xavier Lefevre composer
1765 Jan Kops Dutch agronomist/vicar
1779 Philipp Roth composer
1785 Karol Kazimierz Kurpinski composer
1787 Joseph von Fraunhofer Germany, physicist (studied Sun's spectrum)
1791 Anna Claypoole Peale painted miniatures
1793 Bernhard Joseph Klein composer
1806 Elizabeth Barrett Browning poet (Sonnets from the Portuguese)
1812 Aaron Lufkin Dennison father of American watchmaking
1820 Horatio Gouverneur Wright Major General (Union volunteers)
1831 Friedrich C K von Bodelschwingh German theologist (Home Mission)
1831 Philip Henry Sheridan Albany NY, Major General (Union Army)
1835 Charles Ewing Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1883
1835 Ludwik Grossman composer
1843 Artur Napoleao dos Santos composer
1852 Joseph Bayer composer
1870 Oscar Straus Vienna Austria, composer (Ein Walzertraum)
1882 Guy Kibbee El Paso TX, actor (Big Shot)
1885 Ring Lardner US, writer (You Know Me Al)
1887 Henri Gagnon composer
1890 Fernand Ansseau Belgian operator/theory (Orfeo)
1891 Victor Kilian Jersey City NJ, actor (Gentleman's Agreement)
1893 [Walter] Furry Lewis father of the blues
1893 Kathleen Smoothy housewife (last link to Siege of Sidney Street)
1897 Knudåge Riisager Port Kunda Estonia, Danish composer (Quaarrtsiluni)
1898 Hal Hooker cricketer (New South Wales pace bowler of 20's & 30's)
1898 Jay C Flippen Little Rock AR, actor (Ensign O'Toole, Jet Pilot, Killing, Thunder Bay)
1898 Jimmy Conzelman NFL QB/coach/team owner (Chicago)
1898 Jo[hanne M Bos-]Vincent Dutch soprano (Matthäus Passion)
1900 John Henry Pyle Pafford librarian (University of London)
1900 Ludwig Donath Vienna Austria, actor (Torn Curtain, Sirocco)
1900 Robert "Lefty" Grove baseball pitcher (300 game winner)
1901 Mark Donskoy Odessa Russia, director (Heart of a Mother)
1903 Elizabeth Pinkston Becker US, platform diver (Olympics-gold-1928)
1904 Hugh Williams actor/writer (Charley's Aunt, Bank Holiday)
1904 Johannes C "Chris" Baay Dutch actor (Klatergoud, Surprise Raid)
1905 Bob Wills Kosse TX, actor (Lone Prairie, Tornado in the Saddle)
1906 Lou Costello Paterson NJ, comedian/actor (Abbott & Costello)
1909 Dave Clark music promoter/songwriter
1909 Obafemi Awolowo Nigeria, President of Nigeria (1979-83)
1911 Charles Frank physicist
1911 Roland Jacobi Leich composer
1912 Madge Adam astronomer
1913 David Bowman trade unionist
1913 Ella Logan Glasgow Scotland, actress (52nd Street, Goldwyn Follies)
1913 Stewart Granger actor (Saraband for Dead Lovers)
1914 Kirill P Kondrashin Moscow Russia, conductor (Hollywood Bowl 1981)
1916 Rochelle Hudson Oklahoma City OK, actress (That's My Boy)
1917 J A Mommersteeg Dutch Assistant Secretary of Defense (KVP)
1917 Roy Scott cricketer (one Test New Zealand vs England 1947, 18, 1-74)
1920 Lewis Gilbert London England, director/actor (You Only Live Twice)
1920 Roger Price Charleston WV, actor/writer (Who's There, Droodles)
1921 Julius Rudel Vienna Austria, conductor (NYC Opera 1957)
1921 Oliver Wright British Ambassador (To US)
1921 Ross Hunter Cleveland OH, producer (Airport, Madame X, Pillow Talk)
1922 Frankie Howerd York England, actor/comedian (Mr Mustard-Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, That Was The Week That Was, Runaway Bus)
1923 Ed McMahon Detroit MI, TV host (Johnny Carson Show, Star Search)
1923 Erhard Karkoschka composer
1923 Raymond "Bill" Hoffenberg college president (Wolfson at Oxford)
1924 Sarah Caldwell Maryville MO, conductor/opera director (Flagstaff)
1924 William H Webster US, judge/head FBI/CIA
1926 Alan Greenspan economist/Presidential advisor (Federal Reserve Board)
1926 Andrzej Wajda Suwalki Poland, director (Ashes & Diamonds, Lotna)
1926 Ann Curtis 400 meter/800 meter US swimmer (Olympics-2 gold-1948)
1926 Elwood H [Bud] Hillis (Representative-Republican-IN, 1971- )
1926 Jon Nordal composer
1926 Miroslav Klega composer
1927 Andrzej Wajda Suwalki Poland, director (Ashes & Diamonds, Lotna)
1927 John Fairchild Newark NJ, CEO (Fairchild publishing)
1927 Leroy Gordon Cooper Jr Shawnee OK, USAF/astronaut (Mercury 9, Gemini 5)
1927 Norman Treigle New Orleans LA, bass-baritone
1927 William J Bell Chicago IL, soap opera creator (Young & Restless)
1928 Gabriel García Márquez Colombia, novelist (Europa Y America, Nobel 1982)
1928 Ronald Stevenson composer
1929 David Sheppard bishop (Liverpool)/cricketer (England batsman)
1929 Günter Kunert German poet/writer (Kaiser von Hondu)
1929 Hal Miller British MP
1929 Ho Dam North Korean Secretary of State (1970-83)
1929 Thomas S Foley (Representative-Democrat-WA, 1965-94)/majority whip/Speaker of House
1931 Carmen Delavallade US dancer/singer/actress (Aida)
1931 David Haddon Whitaker British publisher (Whitaker's Almanack)
1931 John Smith Los Angeles CA, actor (Cimarron City, Laramie, 7 Angry Men)
1933 Dorothy "Dolly" Ann Collins folk musician/composer
1933 Heiko Wierenga Dutch social-democrat mayor of Enschede (1977-94)
1933 Kim Elgie cricketer (South African bat vs New Zealand 1961-62, Scotland RU international)
1933 William Davis author/broadcaster (Battle at Bull Run)
1934 John Noakes British TV presenter
1935 Ronnie Delaney Ireland, 1500 meter runner (Olympics-gold-1956)
1936 A "Bram" Stemerdink Dutch minister of Defense (PvdA)
1936 Jean Boht actress (Arthur's Hallowed Ground)
1936 Marion S Barry (Mayor-Democrat-DC, 1979-90, 95- ), drug indictment
1937 Doug Dillard actor (Clem-Popeye)
1937 Ivan Boesky Detroit MI, stockbroker inside trading
1937 Merle Haggard country singer
1937 Paul Mefano composer
1937 Valentina V Tereshkova-Nikolayev 1st woman in space (Vostok 6)
1938 Lovelace Watkins singer
1939 Christopher Bond (Senator-R-MO)
1939 David Spielberg Weslaco TX, actor (Jessica Novak, The Practice)
1939 Jerry Naylor Stephenville TX, rock vocalist (Crickets)
1940 Joanna Miles Nice France, actress (Cross Creek, Delta County USA)
1940 Willie Stargell outfielder/1st baseman (Pittsburgh Pirates, 1971 National League homerun leader)
1941 Ann Winterton British MP
1941 Ben Murphy Jonesboro AR, actor (Name of the Game, Winds of War)
1941 Karyn Kupcinet actress (Carol-Gertrude Berg Show)
1944 Dame Kiri Te Kanawa Gisborne New Zealand, operatic soprano (Don Giovanni)
1944 Mary Wilson Detroit MI, vocalist (Supremes-Where Did Our Love Go)
1945 Anna Maria Horsford New York NY, actress (Thelma Frye-Amen)
1945 Hugh Grundy Winchester England, drummer (Zombies-She's Not There)
1945 Rob Reiner Bronx NY, actor/director (All in the Family, Stand By Me)
1946 David Jon Gilmour Cambridgeshire England, rock guitarist (Pink Floyd-The Wall)
1946 Martin Kove Brooklyn NY, actor (Victor-Cagney & Lacey)
1946 Patrick Pierre Roger Baudry Cameroon, astronaut (STS 18)
1946 Tony Klatka rocker (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
1947 Dick Fosbury Portland OR, high jumper (Olympics-gold-1968)
1947 Judy Loe Urmston Manchester UK, actress (Singles, Meaning of Life)
1947 Kiki Dee Yorkshire England, singer (Don't Go Breaking My Heart)
1948 James FCS "Jim" Woude cartoonist
1949 Donald York rocker (Sha Na Na)
1951 Stedman Graham Oprah Winfrey's fianceè
1952 Lyn Perrin executive administrator (WIC)
1953 Jackie Zeman Englewood NJ, actress (Bobbie-General Hospital)
1956 Peter Roebuck cricketer (Somerset opening batsman & SMH writer)
1958 Mike Gatting England cricketer
1959 Tom Arnold Ottuwa IA, comedian (Roseanne, True Lies)
1960 [Eris] Sleepy Floyd NBA guard
1962 Alison Nicholas Gibraltar, LPGA golfer (1995 LPGA Corning Classic)
1963 Suzanne Crough rocker (Partridge Family)
1964 Cher Butler Garland TX, playmate (August, 1985)
1964 Reniet Vrieze rock singer/guitarist (Pilgrims-White Men)
1965 Tammy Liley Long Beach CA, volleyball mid blocker/captain (Olympics-bronze-92, 96)
1966 Cliff Meidl Redondo Beach CA, sprint kayak (alternate-Olympics-96)
1966 Michelle Edwards WNBA guard (Cleveland Rockers)
1968 Carla McGhee Peoria IL, US basketball forward (Olympics-gold-96)
1968 Connie Britton Boston MA, actress (Nikki-Spin City)
1968 Jon Baker WLAF defensive end (Frankfurt Galaxy)
1968 Marty Morgan Minneapolis MN, 180½ lbs greco-roman wrestler (Olympics-96)
1968 Moira Kelly actress (Cutting Edge)
1968 Russell Butler Dandenong Victoria Australia, diver (Olympics-28th-88, 96)
1969 Andrea Elson New York NY, actress (Lynn-Alf, Alice-Whiz Kids)
1969 Deems May NFL tight end (San Diego Chargers)
1970 Amy Pietz Milwaukee WI, actress (Annie-Caroline In the City)
1970 Robbie Tobeck NFL guard/center (Atlanta Falcons)
1970 Scott Stahoviak Waukegan IL, infielder (Minnesota Twins)
1971 Darrick Martin NBA guard (Los Angeles Clippers, Minnesota Timberwolves)
1971 Roger Salkeld Burbank CA, pitcher (Cincinnati Reds)
1972 Jamal Anderson fullback (Atlanta Falcons)
1972 Paul Frlan CFL linebacker (Saskatchewan Roughriders)
1972 Shaquille O'Neal Newark NJ, NBA center (Magic, Lakers, Olympics-gold-96)
1972 Susan Alexander Silver Spring MD, Miss Maryland-America (1996)
1973 Brian Olson Tallahassee FL, middleweight (189 lbs) judoka (Olympics-96)
1973 Greg Ostertag NBA center (Utah Jazz)
1973 Michael Finley NBA guard/forward (Phoenix Suns/Dallas Mavericks)
1973 Terry Adams Mobile AL, pitcher (Chicago Cubs)

---

Deaths which occurred on March 06:
0766 Chrodegang church reformer/bishop of Mainz, dies at about 50
1583 Zacharias Ursinus German theologist (Heidelberger), dies at 48
1615 Pieter Both Dutch Admiral/1st Governor-General (East Indies, 1609-14), drowns
1616 Francis Beaumont Elizabethan dramatist, dies (birth date unknown)
1674 Johann Paul Schor German barok painter, dies at 58
1720 Pieter van Flowers Flemish painter, buried at 63
1753 Gerhardus Havingha composer, dies at 56
1754 Henry Pelham English premier (1745, 46-54), Gin Act, dies at about 57
1836 Davy Crockett US pioneer (Alamo), killed in battle at 49
1846 Nikoli A Poveloi Russian writer/publisher, dies at 49
1851 Alexander Aliabiev composer, dies at 63
1854 Caspar GC Reinwardt German/Dutch biologist, dies at 80
1867 Wiktor Kazynski composer, dies at 54
1888 Louisa May Alcott US author (Old-fashioned Girl), dies at 55
1900 Gottlieb Daimler designed 1st motorcycle, dies at 65
1917 Jules HPFX Vandenpeereboom premier of Belgium (1899), dies at 73
1924 Meyer E van Beem actor (Moittige Janus), dies at 85
1930 William Milton cricketer (South African Test captain in 3 Tests 1889-92), dies
1932 John Philip Sousa US composer (Stars & Stripes Forever), dies at 77
1933 Anton J Cermak US mayor of Chicago, murdered
1936 Josef Stransky composer, dies at 63
1936 Rubin Goldmark composer, dies at 63
1937 Frank Vosper actor/writer (Jew Suss), dies at 37
1939 [Carl L] Ferdinand von Lindemann German mathematician, dies at 86
1941 John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum sculptor (Mount Rushmore), dies at 73
1941 Leen Schijvenschuurder Dutch February strike leader, executed
1945 Jan Thijssen Dutch resistance fighter, executed at Savage Farm
1945 Rudolph Karel composer, dies at 64
1947 Ludwig Weber composer, dies at 55
1950 Lew Lehr comedian (Stop Me if I heard this One), dies at 54
1951 Ivor Novello actor/writer (Lodger, Phantom Fiend), dies at 58
1954 Jan Kalf Dutch literature/art historian, dies at 80
1954 Louis Zimmermann violinist, dies at 80
1959 Fred Stone actor (Hideaway, Westerner), dies at 85
1961 George Formby British singer/comedian, dies at 56
1961 Kjeld Abell Danish playwright/director of Tivoli, dies at 59
1962 Rezso Kokai composer, dies at 56
1963 Kornelis ter Laan 1st Dutch socialist mayor (Zaandam), dies at 91
1964 King Paul I of Greece (1947-64), dies at 62
1965 Margaret Dumont [Daisy Baker] actress (Animal Crackers), dies at 75
1965 Ruvim Pergament composer, dies at 58
1966 Richard Hageman composer, dies at 83
1967 Nelson Eddy US baritone/actor (Phantom of the Opera), dies at 65
1967 Oscar Shaw actor (Rhythm on the River, Marianne), dies at 76
1967 Zoltán Kodály Hungarian composer (Háry Janos), dies at 84
1968 Isa Krejci composer, dies at 63
1968 Joseph Martin Jr Speaker of the House, dies at 83
1970 William Hopper actor (Paul Drake-Perry Mason), dies at 55
1971 Raymond Herreman Flemish writer (Don't Forget to Live), dies at 74
1973 Paul Klecki/Kletzki Polish violinist/composer/conductor, dies at 72
1973 Pearl S[ydenstricker] Buck author (Good Earth-Nobel 1938), dies at 80
1973 Vera Fjodorova Panova Russian author (Sputniki), dies at 67
1976 "Slapsie" Maxie Rosenbloom light-heavyweight box champion (1932-34), dies at 71
1979 Charles Wagenheim actor (Halligan-Gunsmoke), dies at 83
1981 George Geary cricketer (14 Tests for England, 46 wickets), dies
1981 Klaus Grabowski child molester, shot by parent
1982 Ayn Rand author-philosopher (The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged), dies in New York at 77
1982 Jan Lemaire Dutch actor/writer (Beautiful Juultje), dies at 97
1983 Thelma Pelish actress (Pajama Game), dies at 55
1984 Henry Wilcoxon actor (Cleopatra, Dragnet, Jericho), dies of congessive heart failure at 78
1984 Ian Cromb cricketer (5 Tests for New Zealand, 123 runs, 8 wickets), dies
1984 Martin Niemöller German submarine captain/anti-Nazi minister, dies at 92
1984 Pierre Cochereau composer, dies at 59
1985 Eric Sloane US artist, dies at 80
1986 Adolph Caesar actor (Club Paradise, Soldier's Story), dies
1986 Georgia O'Keeffe US painter (Flowers), dies at 98
1988 Konstantin Iliev composer, dies at 63
1989 Harry Andrews actor (Equus, Helen of Troy, Hill), dies at 77
1992 Elvia Allman actress (Night at Earl Carroll's), dies of pneumonia
1992 Emmy Huf Dutch cabaret performer/writer (I Want Warm Meat), dies
1992 Maria Vieira da Silva Portuguese painter (Mirror Palace), dies at 83
1993 Cyril Collard French director (Lesson nuits fauves), dies at 35
1993 Douglas Marland soap writer (As the World Turns), dies at 58
1993 Nicholas Ridley English Minister of Finance, dies at 64
1994 Leighton Noble singer/Bandleader, dies at 81
1994 Max Schubert winemaker, dies at 89
1994 Melina Mercouri Greek actress (Never on a Sunday), dies at about 68
1994 Moses Rascoe blues singer, dies at 77
1994 Tengis Abuladze Georgia SSR MP (Penalty), dies at 71
1995 David Beinhoff mayor, dies at 24
1995 Delroy George Wilson singer, dies at 46
1995 Emile van Moerkerken photographer (Ice Princess), dies at 78
1995 Helene Weijel author (In Two Worlds), dies at 44
1996 Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay politician, dies at 88
1996 Herbert "Herb" Hall clarinetist/saxophonist, dies at 88
1996 Simon Cadell actor (Enemy at the Door), dies at 45
1997 Anthony Hopkins clinical Neurologist, dies at 59
1997 Jagan Guyanes Prime Minister of Guyana (1953, 57-64), dies
1997 Michael Manley Jamaican Prime Minister (PNP, 1972-80, 89-92), dies
1998 Adem Jasari Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) leader, killed

---

On this day...
1079 Omar ibn Ibrahim al-Chajjam completes Jalali-calendar
1205 Aken, [Philips van Zwaben], crowned Roman-Catholic German King
1323 Treaty of Paris
1447 Tommaso Parentucelli succeeds Pope Eugene IV as Nicolas V
1460 Treaty of Alcacovas-Portugal gives Castile Canary Islands for West Africa
1521 Magellan discovers Guam
1579 Veluwe joins Union of Utrecht
1590 Earl Mauritius conquerors Breda "turfschip of Breda"
1628 Emperor Ferdinand II delegates Restitutie-edict
1646 Joseph Jenkes, Massachusetts, receives 1st colonial machine patent
1664 King Louis XIV & Emperor of Brandenburg signs covenant
1665 Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society starts publishing
1714 Peace of Rastatt: French emperor Charles VI of Habsburg
1728 Spain & England sign (1st) Convention of Pardo
1775 1st Negro Mason in US initiated, Boston
1799 Napoleon captures Jaffa Palestine
1808 1st college orchestra in US founded, at Harvard
1810 Illinois passes 1st state vaccination legislation in US
1816 Jews are expelled from Free city of Lubeck Germany
1831 Edgar Allen Poe removed from West Point military academy
1831 Vincenzo Bellini's opera "La Sonnambula" premieres in Milan
1834 Toronto incorporated with William Lyon Mackenzie as its 1st mayor
1836 3,000 Mexicans beat 182 Texans at the Alamo, after 13 day fight
1836 HMS Beagle/Darwin reaches King George's Sound, Australia
1838 Franz Grillparzer's "Weh dem, der Lügt" premieres in Vienna
1851 Dion Boucicault's "Love in a Maze" premieres in London
1853 Giuseppe Verdi's Opera "La Traviata" premieres in Venice
1855 Gustave Flaubert writes goodbye to Louise Colet
1857 Dred Scott Decision: Supreme Court rules slaves cannot be citizens
1861 Provisionary Confederate Congress establishes Confederate Army
1862 Battle of Pea Ridge AR (Elkhorn Tavern)
1865 Battle of Natural Bridge, Florida
1865 President Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Ball
1882 Monarch Milan Obrenovic of Serbia crowns himself king
1886 1st US alternating current power plant starts, Great Barrington MA
1886 1st US nurses' magazine, The Nightingale, 1st appears, New York NY
1895 England beat Australia to win one of the best cricket series ever, 3-2
1895 J T Brown hits the fastest 50 in Test Crickets (28 minutes) England vs Australia
1896 1st auto in Detroit MI, Charles B King rides his "Horseless Carriage"
1899 "Aspirin" patented by Felix Hoffmann
1902 Census Bureau forms
1906 Cubs sign 3rd baseman Harry Steinfeldt to complete Tinker-Evers-Chance
1906 Heavy storm bursts dike flooding Vlissingen, Netherlands
1906 Nora Blatch becomes 1st woman elected to American Society of Civil Engineers
1909 Gerhart Hauptmann's "Griselda" premieres in Vienna
1915 Greek King Constantine I fires premier Venizelos
1918 US naval collier "Cyclops" disappears in Bermuda Triangle
1919 NHL Championship: Montréal Canadiens beat Ottawa Senators, 3 games to 1 with 1 tie
1921 Police in Sunbury PA issue an edict requiring Women to wear skirts at least 4 inches below the knee
1922 Babe Ruth signs 3 years at $52,000 a year New York Yankee contract
1922 George Bernard Shaw's "Back to Methusaleh III/IV" premieres in New York NY
1923 Cards announce their players will wear numbers on their uniforms
1924 British Labour government cuts military budget
1925 Belgium annexes Eupen, Malmédy & Sankt Vith
1926 China asks for a seat in the Security council
1929 Turkey & Bulgaria sign friendship treaty
1930 Brooklyn's Clarence Birdseye develops a method for quick freezing food
1933 FDR declares a nationwide bank holiday
1933 Maxwell Anderson's "Both your Houses" premieres in New York NY
1933 Poland occupies free city Danzig (Gdansk)
1934 Sidney Howard & Paul de Kruif's "Yellowjacket" premieres in New York NY
1935 Frank Bartell (Czechoslovakia), cycles record 80.584 mph in Los Angeles
1936 Belgium ends Locarno-pact
1940 1st US telecast from an airplane, New York NY
1943 Battle at Medenine, North-Africa; Rommels assault attack
1943 Sukarno asks for cooperation with Japanese occupiers
1944 USAF begins daylight bombing of Berlin
1945 117 SD-prisoners executed at Savage Farm
1945 Assassination attempt on Höhere, SS Police führer Rauter
1945 Chinese 38th division occupies Lashio
1945 Erich Honnecker & Erich Hanke flee Nazis
1945 Federico García Lorca's "La Casa" premieres in Buenos Aires
1946 France recognizes Vietnam statehood within Indo-Chinese federation
1947 XB-45, 1st US 4-engine jet bomber, makes 1st test flight, Muroc CA
1951 Belgium extends conscription to 24 months
1953 Malenkov becomes chairman of the USSR
1955 Dutch premiere of Samuel Becketts' "Waiting for Godot"
1955 Jackie Pung wins LPGA Jacksonville Golf Open
1957 Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) declares independence from UK
1959 11th Emmy Awards: Playhouse 90, Jack Benny Show, Raymond Burr
1959 Farthest radio signal heard (Pioneer IV, 400,000 miles)
1960 President Sukarno disbands Indonesia's parliament
1961 1st London minicabs introduced
1961 Dutch guilder revalued 4.74%
1961 Dutch Queen Juliana celebrates 12½ year government jubilee
1962 St Louis vote to build a new downtown stadium for the Cardinals
1962 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1962 US promise Thailand assistance against communist aggression
1964 Constantine succeeds Paul I as king of Greece
1964 Elijah Muhammad renames Cassius Clay, Muhammad Ali
1964 Liz Taylor's 4th divorce (Eddie Fisher)
1964 Tom O'Hara runs world record mile (3 :6.4)
1965 "How to Succeed in Business" closes at 46th St NYC after 1415 performances
1965 1st nonstop helicopter crossing of North America, JR Willford
1965 Bruce Taylor hits 105 for New Zealand vs India in 1st Test Cricket innings
1966 Barry Sadlers' "Ballad of the Green Berets" becomes #1 (13 weeks)
1967 2nd Academy of Country Music Awards
1967 Jimmy Hoffa enters Lewisburg Federal Prison
1967 Muhammad Ali is ordered by selective service to be inducted
1967 Stalin's daughter Svetlana Allilujeva asks for political asylum in US
1967 WACS TV channel 25 in Dawson GA (PBS) begins broadcasting
1970 Beatles release "Let it Be" in UK
1971 Test Cricket debut of Sunil Gavaskar, vs West Indies at Port-of-Spain
1972 Jack Nicklaus passes Arnold Palmer as golf's all-time money winner
1972 Keswick to Penrith railway officially closes
1973 In an exhibition game with the Pirates, Twins Larry Hisle becomes the 1st designated hitter (he hits 2 homeruns & knocks in 7 RBIs)
1974 "Over Here" opens at Shubert Theater NYC for 341 performances
1974 An Italian loses a record $1,920,000 at roulette in Monte Carlo
1974 Ian & Greg Chappell score cricket
1976 World Ice Dance Championship in Gothenburg won by Liudmila Pakhomova & Alexandr Gorshkov (USSR)
1976 World Ice Pairs Figure Skating Championship in Gothenburg won by Irina Rodnina & Alexandr Zaitsev (USSR)
1976 World Ladies Figure Skating Championship in Gothenburg won by Dorothy Hamill (USA)
1976 World Men's Figure Skating Championship in Gothenburg won by John Curry (Great Britain)
1978 Hustler publisher Larry Flynt shot & crippled by a sniper in Georgia
1980 7th Daytime Emmy Awards presentation - Susan Lucci loses for 1st time
1980 French Academy, founded in 1635, elects it 1st woman novelist (Marguerita Youcenar)
1980 Princess Theater (Latin Quarter, Cotton Club) opens at 200 W 48th NYC
1981 France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
1981 Soyuz 39 returns to Earth
1981 Walter Cronkite signs-off as anchorman of "The CBS Evening News"
1982 NBA highest scoring game: San Antonio beat Milwaukee 171-166 (3 OT)
1982 Susan Birmingham makes loudest recorded human shout (120 dB)
1983 "On Your Toes" opens at Virginia Theater NYC for 505 performances
1983 Anne-Marie Palli wins LPGA Samaritan Turquoise Golf Classic
1983 Helmut Kohl's CDU/CSU wins West German parliament elections
1983 New Bedford MA woman charges she was gang-raped atop a pool table
1983 US Football League begins its 1st season
1985 Enos Slaughter & Arky Vaughan are elected to baseball Hall of Fame
1985 Mexican authorities find body of US drug agent Enrique C Salaazar
1985 Mike Tyson KOs Hector Mercedes in 1 round in his 1st pro fight
1985 Yul Brynner appears in his 4,500th performance of "King & I"
1986 Ken Ludwig's "Lend me a Tenor" premieres in London
1986 USSR's Vega 1 flies by Halley's Comet at 8,889 km
1987 6.8 earthquake hits Ecuador, kills 100
1987 Belgium ferry boat "Herald of Free Enterprise" capsizes/sinks; 192 die
1988 18th Easter Seal Telethon raises $35,200,000
1988 3 IRA suspects were shot dead in Gibraltar by SAS officers
1988 Betsy King wins LPGA Women's Kemper Golf Open/Helene Curtis Pro-Am
1988 Julie Krone becomes winningest female jockey (1205 victories)
1988 Orville Moodey shoots 63 at Seniors golf tournament
1989 Yankees beat Mets 6-4 in exhibition game (1st meeting since 1985)
1990 SR-71 sets a transcontinental record, flying 2,404 miles in 1:08:17
1991 Following Iraq's capitulation in the Persian Gulf conflict, President Bush told Congress that "aggression is defeated; The war is over"
1992 Yankee pitcher Pascual Perez suspended for 1 year due to cocaine
1994 Colin Jackson runs world record 60 meter hurdles indoor (7.30 seconds)
1994 United Arab Emirates beat Kenya by 2 wickets to win ICC Trophy
1995 9th American Comedy Awards: Rodney Dangerfield
1995 American Express Travel begins charging for domestic air tickets
1995 Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Phoenix AZ on KEDJ 106.3/100.3 FM
1995 US 4.5¢ equals 156.30 Dutch guilder (record)
1996 10th American Comedy Awards
1996 2nd Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
1996 Aravinda De Silva smashes 145 vs Kenya in cricket World Cup at Kandy Sri Lanka score 5-398 in 50 overs in World Cup vs Kenya
1998 1st time the British flag is flown over Buckingham Palace
1998 Matt Beck, an angry lottery accountant kills 4 at Connecticut state lottery

---

Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Ghana : Independence Day (1957)
Guam : Magellan Day/Discovery Day (1521)
US : Stoneware Pottery Appreciation Day

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Religious Observances
old Roman Catholic : Feast of Ss Perpetua & Felicitas, martyrs (now 3/7)
Panamá : Jesus Nazarene of Atalaya

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Religious History
1629 In Germany, the Edict of Restitution ordered that all church property secularized since 1552 be restored to the Roman Catholic Church.
1735 English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'The renewal of our natures is a work of great importance. It is not to be done in a day. We have not only a new house to build up, but an old one to pull down.'
1759 English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in a letter: 'There is a wonderful mystery in the manner and circumstances of that mighty working, whereby God subdues all things to himself, and leaves nothing in the heart but his pure love alone.'
1919 Death of Julia H. Johnston, 70, American Presbyterian Sunday School leader. She penned about 500 hymns during her lifetime, one of which is still sung today: "Grace Greater Than Our Sin" (a.k.a. "Marvelous Grace of our Loving Lord").
1933 Death of Amos R. Wells, 71, pioneer U.S. Christian educator. From l901 until his death, he was editor of "Peloubet's Notes for the International Sunday School Lessons."

---

Thought for the day :
"Being in politics is like being a football coach. You have to be smart enough to understand the game, and dumb enough to think it's important."

[SAMWolf]

<1836 3,000 Mexicans beat 182 Texans at the Alamo, after 13 day fight

I like the way you worded this.

[ALOHA RONNIE]

NEVER FORGET

.."WE WERE SOLDIERS".. Forum in -Time of War-

http://www.TheAlamoFILM.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=8

Signed:
ALOHA RONNIE Guyer / Vet-"WE WERE SOLDIERS" Battle of IA DRANG-1965.. http://www.LZXRay.com

NEVER FORGET

[Valin]

Heard you on Hugh Hewitt. What's it like to be famous? :-)

[SerpentDove]

I will ask you once again, please remove me from your FReeper list.

THANKS!

SD

[Jen]

Ok, thanks for your note. You've been removed from the list.

[top of the world ma]

Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier

The Iron Mistress

The Last Command

The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory

The Alamo

Remake - 2003

Six Flags Over Texas

[SAMWolf]

Thanks for all the movie links, top of the word ma.

The movie "Texas" based on Mitchner's novel also includes a segment on the Alamo.

[SAMWolf]

ROTFLMAO!!

How's you get my mom to give you my Basic Training picture!!

[ALOHA RONNIE]

...This particular..

.. http://www.TheAlamoFILM.com

...Fansite Thread of mine...

...Agrees with you.

...So come on down, ya hear to:

http://www.TheAlamoFILM.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=729

[Doctor Stochastic]

http://www.smu.edu/swcenter/tjgreen/tjg_r014.htm

[SAMWolf]

Thanks for the link to the Houston info.

[SAMWolf]

She has to be, it's in the "Mom Handbook"

[MeekOneGOP]

Mornin' ! Thanks for the pingaroo . . .

[BellStar]

Can you tell us more about the lady behind the door?
Good story. Needs telling by a story teller. I am not one!