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St. Peter and Rome
Catholic Exchange.com ^ | 11-15-04 | Amy Barragree

Posted on 10/27/2006 8:14:39 PM PDT by Salvation

St. Peter and Rome
11/15/04

Dear Catholic Exchange:

Why did St. Peter establish the Church in Rome?

Ed


Dear Ed,

Peace in Christ!

We do not know why Peter went to Rome. The Church has always maintained, based on historical evidence, that Peter went to Rome, but has never taught why this happened. In speculating on this matter, there are two primary considerations.

First, at the time of Jesus and the early Church, the Roman Empire controlled the lands around the Mediterranean, a large portion of what is now Europe, and most of what is now called the Middle East. Rome was one of the biggest, most influential cities in the Western world. It was the center of political authority, economic progress, cultural expression, and many other aspects of life in the Roman Empire. This may have played a role in Peter’s decision to go to Rome.

Second, Jesus promised the Apostles that He would send the Holy Spirit to guide them. Scripture shows Peter following the promptings of the Holy Spirit throughout his ministry. It somehow fits into God’s providence and eternal plan that His Church be established in Rome. Peter may have gone to Rome for no other reason than that is where the Holy Spirit wanted him.

Historical evidence does show that Peter did go to Rome and exercised his authority as head of the Apostles from there. The earliest Christians provided plenty of documentation in this regard.

Among these was St. Irenæus of Lyons, a disciple of St. Polycarp who had received the Gospel from the Apostle St. John. Near the end of his life St. Irenæus mentioned, in his work Against Heresies (c. A.D. 180-199), the work of Peter and Paul in Rome:

Matthew also issued among the Hebrews a written Gospel in their own language, while Peter and Paul were evangelizing in Rome and laying the foundation of the Church (Book 3, Chapter 1, verse 1).
The African theologian Tertullian tells us that Peter and Paul both died in Rome in Demurrer Against the Heretics (c. A.D. 200):
Come now, if you would indulge a better curiosity in the business of your salvation, run through the apostolic Churches in which the very thrones of the Apostles remain still in place; in which their own authentic writings are read, giving sound to the voice and recalling the faces of each.... [I]f you are near to Italy, you have Rome, whence also our authority [i.e., in Carthage] derives. How happy is that Church, on which the Apostles poured out their whole doctrine along with their blood, where Peter endured a passion like that of the Lord, where Paul was crowned in a death like John’s [i.e., the Baptist], where the Apostle John, after being immersed in boiling oil and suffering no hurt, was exiled to an island.
Tertullian was certainly not the only ancient author who testified that Peter was crucified in Rome. An ancient, orthodox historical text known as the "Acts of Saints Peter and Paul" elaborates on the preaching and martyrdom of the two Apostles in Rome. The dating of this document is difficult, but historians cited in the Catholic Encyclopedia placed its probable origins between A.D. 150-250.

One of the earliest thorough histories of the Church was Bishop Eusebius of Cæsarea’s Ecclesiastical History. Most of this work was written before Constantine became emperor in A.D. 324, and some portions were added afterward. Eusebius quotes many previous historical documents regarding Peter and Paul’s travels and martyrdom in Rome, including excellent excerpts from ancient documents now lost, like Presbyter Gaius of Rome’s "Disputation with Proclus" (c. A.D. 198-217) and Bishop Dionysius of Corinth’s "Letter to Soter of Rome" (c. A.D. 166-174). Penguin Books publishes a very accessible paperback edition of Eusebius’s history of the Church, and most libraries will probably own a copy as well.

For more ancient accounts of Peter’s presence in Rome, see the writings of the Church Fathers, which are published in various collections. Jurgens’s Faith of the Early Fathers, volumes 1-3, contains a collection of patristic excerpts with a topical index which apologists find very useful (Liturgical Press). Hendrickson Publishers and Paulist Press both publish multi-volume hardcover editions of the works of the Church Fathers. Penguin Books and St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press publish a few works of the Fathers in relatively inexpensive paperback editions.

More treatments of Petrine questions may be found in Stephen K. Ray’s Upon This Rock (Ignatius); Jesus, Peter, & the Keys by Butler, Dahlgren, and Hess (Queenship); Patrick Madrid’s Pope Fiction (Basilica); and in the Catholic Answers tracts “Was Peter In Rome?” and “The Fathers Know Best: Peter In Rome.”

Please feel free to call us at 1-800-MY FAITH or email us with any further questions on this or any other subject. If you have found this information to be helpful, please consider a donation to CUF to help sustain this service. You can call the toll-free line, visit us at
www.cuf.org, or send your contribution to the address below. Thank you for your support as we endeavor to “support, defend, and advance the efforts of the teaching Church.”

United in the Faith,

Amy Barragree
Information Specialist
Catholics United for the Faith
827 North Fourth Street
Steubenville, OH 43952
800-MY-FAITH (800-693-2484)



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TOPICS: Apologetics; Catholic; Judaism; Theology
KEYWORDS: catholiclist; rome; stpeter
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To: ladyinred

Because he uses the same rhetoric, deception, untruths, venom and vitriol against the Catholic Church as one would find in the Jack Chick tracts. Those tracts are noted for their hate-mongering and according to the Religion Moderator are not allowed to be linked on this forum.

That is how.

Such as that is only a counterfeit of true Christianity.


661 posted on 11/05/2006 9:19:02 PM PST by Running On Empty
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To: saradippity
Do you think the designation of Israelite is interchangeable with the designation of Judean?

The name for the area around Jerusalem during the first century was Judea. Previously it had been called "Judah". There were two kingdoms of Israelites after King David [I Kings 12:19-20]. The northern Kingdom called Israel and the southern Kingdom called Judah. These two kingdoms were frequently at war against each other and the first place in your Bible where the word Jew is mentioned is in II Kings 16:1-6. The Jews are at war against Israel.

Israel was taken captive [II Kings 17:6](721 B.C.) and only Judah [II Kings 17:18] remained....the Jews. You can also see this distinction between the two kingdoms in II Chronicles 11:1. The Jews later on (120 years) were taken captive themselves to Babylon....but they came back. The northern Kingdom never returned from their captivity. You can read about it in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. You will notice that only the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and their share of the priestly tribe of Levi are mentioned.

So, to answer your question now that you have the background....Yes, you may say that the word Judean is interchangeable with the word Israelite. Bottom line....all Jews (Judeans) are Israelites but not all Israelites are Jews. Much the same as all Californians are Americans but not all Americans are Californians.

662 posted on 11/05/2006 9:26:27 PM PST by Diego1618
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To: Mad Dawg; Iscool; Uncle Chip

Apology---#654 should have been pinged to Uncle Chip, not Iscool


663 posted on 11/05/2006 9:29:13 PM PST by Running On Empty
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To: Running On Empty

I guess I have never heard him speak against your Church. I do know that Jack Chick isn't allowed here, but I had no idea who he was until I read his name mentioned here so often lately. I am sorry that there are those who feel they must tear down other believers.


664 posted on 11/05/2006 10:03:09 PM PST by ladyinred (RIP my precious Lamb Chop)
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To: ladyinred

Dear lady

I'm glad you are sorry. It's a good sign. :-)

I'll go to bed on that one.

ROE


665 posted on 11/05/2006 10:10:32 PM PST by Running On Empty
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To: Diego1618
Thank you,I did know all that,I just wasn't sure if you did. It is difficult to see how anyone in this century and the five or six prior to this one,can speak with authority on who were thought to be Gentiles,Judeans and/or Israelites in the eyes of those living at the time Jesus Christ was here.

I understand that the first time the word Jew was used was when Bible was translated and printed in English. I think both the Douay-Rheims and the St. James bibles were translated into English at about the same time. Evidently there was great difficulty with the word Judeans since there was no J in Greek or Hebrew and so to simplify matters they came up with the word Jew rather than the clumsy to pronounce, Iudiceans.(Or something close)Do you have any information on that?

666 posted on 11/05/2006 10:41:00 PM PST by saradippity
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To: saradippity

Bump to get off the number 666


667 posted on 11/05/2006 10:45:17 PM PST by Citizen Soldier
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To: Diego1618; Uncle Chip
Actually, I find Uncle Chip's statements to be very interesting and I appreciated the ping. My cautionary note wasn't meant to criticize this analysis; only that one should be aware that history this far back is very murky. It is my belief that for the first several hundred years no pope existed and that churches existed in a decentralized form of government with the bishops occasionally meeting to discuss issues that affected everyone; much like the Baptists or Orthodox. The "pope" didn't come along until hundreds of years later as a method of government but even then he did not wield the power he does today. That is a third possibility. The idea of the Pope being "infallible" is a concept that was determined in the 1900s.
668 posted on 11/06/2006 1:32:18 AM PST by HarleyD (Mat 19:11 But He said to them, Not all receive this word, except those to whom it is given.)
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To: Diego1618
Well, we know that our Lord and Saviour told them in [Matthew 10:5-6] not to go among the Gentiles or Samaritans but go to the "Lost Sheep of the House of Israel"......t

That is, we "know" that if we ignore later verses and the witnesses we don't like. Otherwise we "know" no such thing.

There is NO suggestion whatsoever, "not even of any kind" in the text. It is an assumption, that the the instruction in the text you cite over and over again, as though repetition were a kind of proof, and discussion a matter more of endurance than of reason, has to do with the general ministry of the 12. And there are texts -- I quoted one -- which can be reasonably understood as instructions, after the resurrection, to go into all the world.

669 posted on 11/06/2006 3:17:04 AM PST by Mad Dawg (Now we are all Massoud)
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To: HarleyD; Diego1618; Iscool; kerryusama04; stfassisi; Dr. Eckleburg
MARCION: THE FATHER OF REPLACEMENT THEOLOGY

The Catholic Encyclopedia records this about the Marcionites, the followers of Marcion, a disciple of Simon Magus:

"Marcionites: Heretical sect founded 144 at Rome by Marcion and continuing in the West for 300 years, but in the East several centuries longer, especially outside the Byzantine Empire. They rejected the writings of the Old Testament, and taught that Christ was not the Son of the God of the Jews, but the Son of a good God, who was different from the God of the Ancient Covenant. They anticipated the more consistent dualism of Manicheism and were finally absorbed into it. As they arose in the very infancy of Christianity, and adopted from the beginning a strong ecclesiastical organization parallel to that of the Catholic Church, they were perhaps the most dangerous foe Christianity has ever known . . . . Marcion was no Gnostic dreamer. He wanted a Christianity untrammelled and undefiled by association with Judaism. Christianity was the New Covenant pure and simple . . . the Old Testament was a scandal to the faithful and a stumbling block to the refined and intellectual gentiles by its crudity and cruelty, and the Old Testament had to be set aside. . . . Lastly the report that Marcion on his arrival at Rome had to have or to renew a confession of faith fits in naturally with the supposition of his being a bishop. . . ."

The Encyclopedia then goes on to try claim that he was not a bishop in Rome. Ignatius called Marcion as the "Son of Satan". If Simon Magus was the Father of all Heresies, then Marcion was his Son, and the Father of Replacement Theology.

The Marcionites became the Manicheans and out of the Manicheans would come that most famous pillar of the Roman Catholic Church, Aurelius Augustine, who became Bishop of Hippo only a few short years after his supposed conversion from Manicheism. Then he penned his famous treatise, setting aside the prophecies regarding the future of Jerusalem which lay in ruins at that time, and allegorizing Rome now to be God's new Eternal City on earth. Marcion would have been proud of him. Augustine is revered by Catholics and Reformers alike, and a theological pillar for the Lutherans, Calvinists, Presbyterians, and others who mouth his teachings without knowing where they came from.

But let's return to Irenaeus in Against Heresies: Book I; Chapter 27: Verses 1-4, and find out more about Marcion:

1]"Cerdo was one who took his system from the followers of Simon, and came to live at Rome in the time of Hyginus, who held the ninth place in the episcopal succession from the apostles downwards. He taught that the God proclaimed by the law and the prophets was not Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, For the former was known, but the latter unknown; while the one also was righteous, but the other benevolent."

[At first it sounded like Irenaeus was claiming that Cerdo was the 9th in succession, but on more careful reading, he says in the time of Hyginus, Cerdo starts developing the doctrine of Simon Magus. My apology to Irenaeus for the misreading]

2]"Marcion of Pontus succeeded him, and developed his doctrine. In so doing he advanced the most daring blasphemy against Him who is proclaimed as God by the law and the prophets, declaring him to be the author of evils, to take delight in war, to be infirm of purpose, and even to be contrary to Himself. But Jesus being derived from that father who is above the God that made the world, and coming into Judea . . . was manifested in the form of a man to those who were in Judea, abolishing the prophets and the law and all the works of that God who made the world, whom he calls Cosmocrator. Besides this, he mutilates the Gospel which is according to Luke, removing all that is written respecting the generation of the Lord, in which the Lord is recorded as most dearly confessing that the Maker of this Universe is His Father. He likewise persuaded his disciples that he himself was more worthy of credit than are all those apostles who have handed down the Gospel to us, furnishing them not with the Gospel, but merely a fragment of it. In like manner too, he dismembered the Epistles of Paul, removing all that is said by the apostles respecting that God who made the world, to the effect that He is the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, and also those passages from the prophetical writings which the apostle quotes, in order to teach us that they announced beforehand the coming of the Lord.

3]"Salvation will be the attainment only of those souls which had learned his doctrine; while the body, as having been taken from the earth, is incapable of sharing in salvation. In addition to his blasphemy against God Himself, he advanced this also, truly speaking as with the mouth of the devil, and saying all things in direct opposition to truth --- that Cain, and all those like him, and the Sodomites, and the Egyptians, and others like them, and in fine all nations who walked in all sorts of abominations, were saved by the Lord on his descending into Hades, and on their running into Him, and that they welcomed Him into their kingdom. But the serpent which was in Marcion declared that Abel, Enoch, and Noah, and those other righteous men who sprang from the patriarch Abraham, with all the prophets, and those who were pleasing to God, did not partake in salvation. For since these men, he says knew that their God was constantly tempting them, so now they suspected that He was tempting them, and did not run to Jesus, or believe his announcement; and for this reason he declared that their souls remained in Hades.

4]"But since this man is the only one who has dared openly to mutilate the Scriptures, and unblushingly above all others to inveigh against God, I purpose specially to refute him, convicting him out of his own writings; and with the help of God, I will overthrow him out of those discourses of the Lord and the apostles, which are of authority with him, and of which he makes use. At present, however, I have simply been led to mention him, that thou mayest know that all those who in any way corrupt the truth, and injuriously affect the preaching of the Church, are the disciples and successors of Simon Magus of Samaria. Although they do not confess the name of their master, in order all the more to seduce others, yet they do teach his doctrine. They set forth, indeed, the name of Christ Jesus as a sort of lure, but in various ways they introduce the impieties of Simon; and they destroy multitudes, wickedly disseminating their doctrines by the use of a good name, and through means of its sweetness and beauty, extending to their hearers the bitter and malignant poison of the serpent, the great author of apostasy".

Is Replacement Theology the Great Apostasy? Its pontificators have to resort to allegorization to try to give any credence to it. These pontificators allegorize "Israel" to mean the "Church", just as the RCC magisterium allegorizes "Babylon" to mean "Rome" in Peter's letter.

Irenaeus says that those who "allegorize" the Scriptures are disciples of Simon Magus. And what other Theologies, Roman Catholic and/or Protestant, have been foisted upon the people by way of the "allegorization" of the Scriptures?

670 posted on 11/06/2006 4:42:01 AM PST by Uncle Chip (TRUTH : Ignore it. Deride it. Allegorize it. Interpret it. But you can't ESCAPE it.)
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To: Mad Dawg

Do as you will ---


671 posted on 11/06/2006 5:39:51 AM PST by Uncle Chip (TRUTH : Ignore it. Deride it. Allegorize it. Interpret it. But you can't ESCAPE it.)
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To: Uncle Chip; Diego1618; Iscool; kerryusama04; stfassisi; Dr. Eckleburg
Marcion was no Gnostic dreamer. He wanted a Christianity untrammelled and undefiled by association with Judaism. Christianity was the New Covenant pure and simple . . . the Old Testament was a scandal to the faithful and a stumbling block to the refined and intellectual gentiles by its crudity and cruelty, and the Old Testament had to be set aside. . . .

This is NOT what Replacement Theology (poorly named) is all about.

NOT REPLACEMENT...EXPANSION! by Rev. Fred Klett

Unlike the Marcions, I'm proud of my Jewish heritage with Father Abraham and in my mind the only way to fully understand how God deals with people is through the Old Testament. I find today many who reduce the Old Testament down to moral stories or fables. A God who is jealous and chooses a nation doesn't fit with a God who loves all mankind. In some regards they are much like the Marcions.

672 posted on 11/06/2006 5:42:48 AM PST by HarleyD (Mat 19:11 But He said to them, Not all receive this word, except those to whom it is given.)
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To: HarleyD
Marcion was no Gnostic dreamer. He wanted a Christianity untrammelled and undefiled by association with Judaism. Christianity was the New Covenant pure and simple . . . the Old Testament was a scandal to the faithful and a stumbling block to the refined and intellectual gentiles by its crudity and cruelty, and the Old Testament had to be set aside. . . .

That quote above is merely a snippet of what the disciples of Simon Magus and Marcion taught. Many were more careful and subtle about their replacement theology and others, like Marcion, bolder letting it all hang out. Can you state for certain that the doctrine that we know as replacement theology, which allegorizes away the words of the prophets of the Old Testament, did not come down to us through Marcion?

673 posted on 11/06/2006 5:57:37 AM PST by Uncle Chip (TRUTH : Ignore it. Deride it. Allegorize it. Interpret it. But you can't ESCAPE it.)
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To: Uncle Chip
Do as you will ---

I will, of course.

You haven't made your case, and you persist in saying that Catholics are taught stuff that they aren't in fact taught. This latter trashes your credibility. Why should I believe the conjectures of someone who insists on the truth of what I know not to be true? How can I respect the judgment of someone who, when his "facts" are denied, shows no doubt but moves on to a new equally untrue "fact"?

Your evidence is weak, you do not respond to evidence offered for the other side, your argument depends more on repetition than on reason, and you ignore those texts which suggest your thesis is mistaken.

Look: If there's a 50% chance that 'A' is true and a 50% chance that 'B' is true, there's only a 25% chance that they are both true at once. And if 'A' is known to be true, but 'B' is a conjecture, then the likelihood of both being true at once is only as great as the likelihood of the conjecture. A cloth made partially of canvas and partially of gauze is only as strong as the gauze. A chain is no stronger than its weakest link.

But in your arguments "It is possible" in one paragraph becomes one element in something "shown conclusively" a little later. You blend the uncontroversial with the conjectured and then claim for the finished article the strength of the uncontroversial when it cannot be stronger than the conjecture.

So we have allegations known to be untrue, and implausible conjectures presented as certainties -- and presented by someone known to have presented falsehood as truth. I'm not trying to be harsh or to put you down. I'm looking at the argument. It looks like a weak case to me, sho' 'nuff.

674 posted on 11/06/2006 6:07:42 AM PST by Mad Dawg (Now we are all Massoud)
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To: Uncle Chip; jo kus
""There is one thing throughout human history that has saved people without fail and that is the Word of God. Those who had it, believed it, and acted on it are all in a better place now. And if one doesn't have the Word of God, then he doesn't have Jesus Christ either -- period.""

How were people saved before the Bible?

Love is what saves Dear brother/sister!Unconditional Love and denying oneself to the will of God.

Here is an old post from my dear friend Jo kus that explains things beautifully.

"I believe that all the good deeds that I do are not my own, but are inspired by God working within me to do His will. Nothing that I have is my own, thus, I cannot be accused of works salvation. All that I have from Christ is a gift. My faith AND my good deeds. I love others and Christ not because I am trying to get God to owe me a wage, but because my will is coming into line with God's will. I do not believe that man is saved by HIS OWN goodness, but by God moving within us the desire to be pleasing to God. Our inner motivations are ultimately what is important on whether an action is meritorious or not. If I obey the Decalogue because I expect a payment, or obligate God to grant salvation, or other egotistical manners, I am working and it is worthless in making me righteous in God's eyes. However, if I am humble, and obey the SAME commandments with the inner motivation of love (placed there by God), this same exact deed IS PLEASING TO GOD! I am becoming more like Christ. I am being transformed by the Holy Spirit gradually. Thus, the same action can be worthless OR can be of the highest worth.
Christ died on the Cross to enable me to even have the opportunity to enter heaven. By His action, I have been redeemed (but not saved). I have been bought back at an expensive price. The Paschal Mystery is central to our faith. Without it, we CANNOT see God. But now that sin has been defeated, man has been given a chance to be transformed into the image and likeness that God originally created in Adam - even better. Now, because of Christ, I can love for another's sake, rather than for my own selfish gain. Now, I can have hope that I will come into perfect union with Him. Now, I can have faith which enables me to accept ALL of the teachings revealed by the Son of God.
Christ's death on the cross is not the end of His work. He continues to work through the Church. When a man is baptized, CHRIST comes to that man with His Spirit - WORKING to transform that man, giving Him the graces of faith, hope and love, the life of the Blessed Trinity in a first installment. THIS ALONE proves that Christ's work is not completed. For otherwise, there is no need for Baptism. If Christ's work is done with the Cross, then ALL men are saved, no matter what they do or if they love. This, my brother, is not the Gospel taught in our Scriptures"


Joe, I hope you don,t mind me using this?
675 posted on 11/06/2006 7:10:16 AM PST by stfassisi ("Above all gifts that Christ gives his beloved is that of overcoming self"St Francis Assisi)
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To: Running On Empty
It's a little hard to swallow that someone would consider himself humble.

"It's our humility that makes us great"
--- Click and Clack

676 posted on 11/06/2006 7:14:44 AM PST by Mad Dawg (Now we are all Massoud)
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To: stfassisi

And so you love and trust his words over God's words? Do his words carry the promise of eternal life?


677 posted on 11/06/2006 7:22:24 AM PST by Uncle Chip (TRUTH : Ignore it. Deride it. Allegorize it. Interpret it. But you can't ESCAPE it.)
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To: Uncle Chip
And so you love and trust his words over God's words? Do his words carry the promise of eternal life?

I love and I trust God,s words.

678 posted on 11/06/2006 7:33:10 AM PST by stfassisi ("Above all gifts that Christ gives his beloved is that of overcoming self"St Francis Assisi)
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To: Mad Dawg

So let's see. The words of Scripture mean nothing to you, nor the words of the Ante-Nicene Fathers, nor those of honest Catholic scholars, nor those of the Catholic Encyclopedia on this matter. Perhaps the words of someone else would be more appropriate for you, like Huckleberry Hound.


679 posted on 11/06/2006 7:34:09 AM PST by Uncle Chip (TRUTH : Ignore it. Deride it. Allegorize it. Interpret it. But you can't ESCAPE it.)
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To: Uncle Chip
And so you love and trust his words over God's words? Do his words carry the promise of eternal life?

Please read carefully, then answer:

How were people saved before the Bible?
You might also want to share your thinking about the salvation of the learning disabled and the illiterate
680 posted on 11/06/2006 7:36:07 AM PST by Mad Dawg (Now we are all Massoud)
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