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Slavery Reparations Could Cost Up to $14 Trillion, According to New Calculation
Newsweek ^ | August 19, 2015 | Douglas Main

Posted on 08/20/2015 2:38:36 AM PDT by 2ndDivisionVet

In 1865, toward the end of the Civil War, Union Army General William Tecumseh Sherman promised slaves that they’d receive 40 acres and a mule. Land was even set aside, but the promise was recanted by President Andrew Johnson. Ever since, the issue of reparations has come up many times, often fiercely debated. Although most Americans generally don’t support reparations, according to University of Connecticut researcher Thomas Craemer, it matters greatly how the question is worded, who would get reparations and in what form. For example, the idea of reparations paid in educational benefits are more popular than others, Craemer says.

On the other hand, one of the cases often made against reparations is that it'd be impractically difficult to calculate how to fairly take and give so many years after the fact. But in a new paper, published in the journal Social Science Quarterly, Craemer makes the case that there are other examples of historical reparations paid many decades later after “damages” were incurred. He also has come up with what he says is the most economically sound estimate to date of what reparations could cost: between $5.9 trillion and $14.2 trillion.

Craemer came up with those figures by tabulating how many hours all slaves—men, women and children—worked in the United States from when the country was officially established in 1776 until 1865, when slavery was officially abolished. He multiplied the amount of time they worked by average wage prices at the time, and then a compounding interest rate of 3 percent per year (more than making up for inflation). There is a range because the amount of time worked isn’t a hard figure....

(Excerpt) Read more at newsweek.com ...


TOPICS: Business/Economy; Crime/Corruption; Government; Politics/Elections
KEYWORDS: blacks; civilwar; reparations; slavery
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Never.
1 posted on 08/20/2015 2:38:36 AM PDT by 2ndDivisionVet
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

Payable in precious metals: lead and copper.


2 posted on 08/20/2015 2:40:49 AM PDT by NorthMountain ("The time has come", the Walrus said, "to talk of many things")
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To: NorthMountain

But, but, my family came here from Sicily and Slovakia 120 years ago, or so, and never owned any slaves.

Besides, I have more negro in me than Shaun King does.


3 posted on 08/20/2015 2:43:26 AM PDT by x1stcav (Oh! No! I just learned Freddy Mecury was a queer.)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

If we give each of them one of these, will they shut up?

4 posted on 08/20/2015 2:44:02 AM PDT by ClearCase_guy (Cruz is still my #1, but Trump is impressing the hell out of me.)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

Watch the tax revolt if this takes place.


5 posted on 08/20/2015 2:44:40 AM PDT by catfish1957 (I display the Confederate Battle Flag with pride in honor of my brave ancestors who fought w/ valor)
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To: x1stcav

You white.

You guilty.

Gibsmedat!!!!


6 posted on 08/20/2015 2:47:57 AM PDT by NorthMountain ("The time has come", the Walrus said, "to talk of many things")
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

I agree. Reparations should cancel out the injustices of the past.

Give them free passage back to the African country of their choice, and mud huts to live in.

That puts them back to where they would be if slavery never happened.

Then they can tell us how bad America is.


7 posted on 08/20/2015 2:55:03 AM PDT by Fresh Wind (Falcon 105)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

They don’t expect to get this. It is marking up the demand so the bite of some other expensive program or plan wants to implement doesn’t seem so much.

That could be Home loans, car loans or education loans. All loans that will be guaranteed by the government and “waived” for some such silly reason at some point. Little by little.

Hard to say right now what it will be but it won’t be a final reparation payment. That would make their bleats moot then, wouldn’t it? Or would it?

Something tells me that the [some] sons and daughters of former slaves along with the rest who aren’t won’t ever give up the slavery/racism banner. It is more precious to them than the flag of this country it seems at times.


8 posted on 08/20/2015 2:55:36 AM PDT by Gaffer
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

I believe they have taken more than their fair share in excess of trillions in the way of welfare housing medical etc all on the taxpayers backs.


9 posted on 08/20/2015 3:00:49 AM PDT by Jarhead9297
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To: 2ndDivisionVet
No.

My family would like our estates in Europe back, along with the crown of a prominent EU country. Not going to happen.

I would love to have 'reparations' with interest for the woes and hardships suffered by 18 verifiable generations of my family--just in the New World, not to mention those suffered in the old country.

I would like to be able to fly, travel in time, leap tall buildings with a single bound and land safely, outrun speeding bullets, and only be affected by the odd piece of space rock, etc., but that isn't going to happen either.

How about someone subtracting the cost of passage, room and board, clothing, food, and management costs for those who were employed on these shores?

Subtract the costs (not just the money and benefits doled out) of subsidizing everything from medical care to housing to food and a multitude of programs leading to the sort of Ph.D.s that come with this crap.

The serious and pitiful truth, though, is that even if that money was handed out, it would be gone in less than 5 years and most would be right back where they started from.

10 posted on 08/20/2015 3:02:05 AM PDT by Smokin' Joe (How often God must weep at humans' folly. Stand fast. God knows what He is doing.)
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To: ClearCase_guy

A precondition should be that they have to relocate to that country.


11 posted on 08/20/2015 3:02:21 AM PDT by x1stcav (Oh! No! I just learned Freddy Mecury was a queer.)
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To: catfish1957

Has anyone figured out the cost in lives ended and cost of labor erased from the number of dead and maimed on the union side?

I kind of wish my ancestors had came from Europe before instead of after the civil war. They were northern farmers who served under Old Glory in WWI and Korea.

Had they been union veterans, I could have a more meaningful discussion with someone as to who owed whom reparations.

Those guys desecrating the US flag with their excrement are too ignorant to even know the history and heritage of the flags.

Maybe deportation to Liberia will enlighten them, and they can join a “good fight” over there.


12 posted on 08/20/2015 3:05:38 AM PDT by MikeSteelBe (Austrian Hitler was, as the halfrican Hitler does.)
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To: ClearCase_guy

“Five So Many Trillion Dollars”?

What the heck does that mean?


13 posted on 08/20/2015 3:06:08 AM PDT by NorthMountain ("The time has come", the Walrus said, "to talk of many things")
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

Every living slave from America’s slave days should be repeated. It’s only fair. Otherwise it’s just giving money to people with no claim whatsoever to it.


14 posted on 08/20/2015 3:08:45 AM PDT by Norm Lenhart
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To: Norm Lenhart

REPERATED


15 posted on 08/20/2015 3:09:11 AM PDT by Norm Lenhart
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

I wonder if this will be like a class action lawsuit were everybody gets $8.53 U.S, except for the lawyers and politicians who chop up the remaining 13.2 trillion dollars.


16 posted on 08/20/2015 3:10:11 AM PDT by Fhios (Immigration without assimilation is an invasion. -- Bobby Jindal)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

The reparations should be in the form of a waiver on paying income taxes for ten years.


17 posted on 08/20/2015 3:11:42 AM PDT by jacknhoo (Luke 12:51. Think ye, that I am come to give peace on earth? I tell you, no; but separation.)
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To: Norm Lenhart

From Wiki


Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson became president as he was vice president at the time of President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination. A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, Johnson came to office as the Civil War concluded.

DEMOCRAT


18 posted on 08/20/2015 3:12:11 AM PDT by Norm Lenhart
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To: 2ndDivisionVet
When will these African nations ever apologize or pay "reparations" for slavery? Better yet, when will they end the practice?

Slavery in modern Africa

Slavery in Africa continues today. Slavery existed in Africa before the arrival of Europeans - as did a slave trade that exported millions of sub-Saharan Africans to North Africa, the Middle East, and the Persian Gulf.[1] However, slavery and bondage are still African realities. Hundreds of thousands of Africans still suffer in silence in slave-like situations of forced labour and commercial sexual exploitation from which they cannot free themselves.

Modern-day enslavers also exploit lack of political will at the highest levels of some African governments to effectively tackle trafficking and its root causes. Weak interagency co-ordination and low funding levels for ministries tasked with prosecuting traffickers, preventing trafficking and protecting victims also enable traffickers to continue their operations. The transnational criminal nature of trafficking also overwhelms many countries’ law enforcement agencies, which are not equipped to fight organised criminal gangs that operate across national boundaries with impunity.

Slavery by African country

Chad
IRIN (Integrated Regional Information Networks) of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reports children being sold to Arab herdsmen in Chad. As part of a new identity imposed on them the herdsman "...change their name, forbid them to speak in their native dialect, ban them from conversing with people from their own ethnic group and make them adopt Islam as their religion."[2]

Mali
The Malian government denies that slavery exists, however, the slavery in Timbuktu is obvious. Slavery still continues with some Tuaregs holding Bella people.[3]

Mauritania
A system exists now by which Arab Muslims -- the bidanes -- own black slaves, the haratines.[4] An estimated 90,000 black Mauritanians remain essentially enslaved to Arab/Berber owners.[5] The ruling bidanes (the name means literally white-skinned people) are descendants of the Sanhaja Berbers and Beni Hassan Arab tribes who emigrated to northwest Africa and present-day Western Sahara and Mauritania during the Middle Ages.[6] According to some estimates, up to 600,000 black Mauritanians, or 20% of the population, are still enslaved, many of them used as bonded labour.[7] Slavery in Mauritania was finally criminalized in August 2007.[8] Malouma Messoud, a former Muslim slave has explained her enslavement to a religious leader:

"We didn't learn this history in school; we simply grew up within this social hierarchy and lived it. Slaves believe that if they do not obey their masters, they will not go to paradise. They are raised in a social and religious system that everyday reinforces this idea.[9]"

In Mauritania, despite slave ownership having been banned by law in 1981, hereditary slavery continues.[10] Moreover, according to Amnesty International:

"Not only has the government denied the existence of slavery and failed to respond to cases brought to its attention, it has hampered the activities of organisations which are working on the issue, including by refusing to grant them official recognition".[11]

Imam El Hassan Ould Benyamin of Tayarat in 1997 expressed his views about earlier proclamations ending slavery in his country as follows:

"[it] is contrary to the teachings of the fundamental text of Islamic law, the Quran ... [and] amounts to the expropriation from muslims of their goods; goods that were acquired legally. The state, if it is Islamic, does not have the right to seize my house, my wife or my slave."[12]

Niger
In Niger, where the practice of slavery was outlawed in 2003, a study found that almost 8% of the population are still slaves.[13] Slavery dates back for centuries in Niger and was finally criminalised in 2003, after five years of lobbying by Anti-Slavery International and Nigerian human-rights group, Timidria.[14] More than 870,000 people still live in conditions of forced labour, according to Timidria, a local human rights group.[15][16]

Descent-based slavery, where generations of the same family are born into bondage, is traditionally practised by at least four of Niger’s eight ethnic groups. The slave masters are mostly from the nomadic tribes — the Tuareg, Fulani, Toubou and Arabs.[17] It is especially rife among the warlike Tuareg, in the wild deserts of north and west Niger, who roam near the borders with Mali and Algeria.[18] In the region of Say on the right bank of the river Niger, it is estimated that three-quarters of the population around 1904-1905 was composed of slaves.[19]

Historically, the Tuareg swelled the ranks of their slaves during war raids into other peoples’ lands. War was then the main source of supply of slaves, although many were bought at slave markets, run mostly by indigenous peoples.[20][21]

Sudan
Francis Bok, former Sudanese slave. At the age of seven, he was captured during a raid in Southern Sudan, and enslaved for ten years.(Courtesy Unitarian Universalist Association/Jeanette Leardi)

There has been a recrudescence of jihad slavery since 1983 in the Sudan.[23][24]

Slavery in the Sudan predates Islam, but continued under Islamic rulers and has never completely died out in Sudan. In the Sudan, Christian and animist captives in the civil war are often enslaved, and female prisoners are often used sexually, with their Muslim captors claiming that Islamic law grants them permission.[25] According to CBS news, slaves have been sold for $50 apiece. [1] In 2001 CNN reported the Bush administration was under pressure from Congress, including conservative Christians concerned about religious oppression and slavery, to address issues involved in the Sudanese conflict.[26] CNN has also quoted the U.S. State Department's allegations: "The [Sudanese] government's support of slavery and its continued military action which has resulted in numerous deaths are due in part to the victims' religious beliefs." [2]

Jok Madut Jok, professor of History at Loyola Marymount University, states that the abduction of women and children of the south by north is slavery by any definition. The government of Sudan insists that the whole matter is no more than the traditional tribal feuding over resources.[27]

It is estimated that as many as 200,000 people had been taken into slavery during the Second Sudanese Civil War. The slaves are mostly Dinka people.[28][29]

Child slave trade
The trading of children has been reported in modern Nigeria and Benin.[30] The children are kidnapped or purchased for $20 - $70 each by slavers in poorer states, such as Benin and Togo, and sold into slavery in sex dens or as unpaid domestic servants for $350.00 each in wealthier oil-rich states, such as Nigeria and Gabon.[31] [32]

Ghana, Togo, Benin
In parts of Ghana, a family may be punished for an offense by having to turn over a virgin female to serve as a sex slave within the offended family.[33] In this instance, the woman does not gain the title of "wife". In parts of Ghana, Togo, and Benin, shrine slavery persists, despite being illegal in Ghana since 1998. In this system of slavery, sometimes called trokosi (in Ghana) or voodoosi in Togo and Benin, or ritual servitude, young virgin girls are given as slaves in traditional shrines and are used sexually by the priests in addition to providing free labor for the shrine.[34]

Ethiopia
Mahider Bitew, Children's Rights and Protection expert at the Ministry of Women's Affairs, says that some isolated studies conducted in Dire Dawa, Shashemene, Awassa and three other towns of the country indicate that the problem of child trafficking is very serious. According to a 2003 study about one thousand children were trafficked via Dire Dawa to countries of the Middle East. The majority of those children were girls, most of whom were forced to be sex workers after leaving the country. The International Labor Organization (ILO) has identified prostitution as the Worst Form of Child Labor.[35]

In Ethiopia, children are trafficked into prostitution, to provide cheap or unpaid labor and to work as domestic servants or beggars. The ages of these children are usually between 10 and 18 and their trafficking is from the country to urban centers and from cities to the country. Boys are often expected to work in activities such as herding cattle in rural areas and in the weaving industry in Addis Ababa, and other major towns. Girls are expected to take responsibilities for domestic chores, childcare and looking after the sick and to work as prostitutes.[35]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_modern_Africa

19 posted on 08/20/2015 3:13:49 AM PDT by ETL (ALL (most?) of the Obama-commie connections at my FR Home page: http://www.freerepublic.com/~etl/)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

Let’s do this the same way we apologized for the unConstitutional rounding up and imprisonment of many Americans of Japanese descent during WWII. Their descendents weren’t paid anything, but any surviving internees were paid $20,000 each. Let’s pay any surviving former slaves the amount calculated for their labor (we won’t even deduct the room and board).


20 posted on 08/20/2015 3:15:38 AM PDT by BruceS
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