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FReeper Canteen ~ The Berlin Airlift Part 1: The Beginning ~ December 8, 2008
Serving The Best Troops And Veterans In The World!! | StarCMC and Vixen

Posted on 12/07/2008 5:00:15 PM PST by Kathy in Alaska

Our Troops Rock!  Thank you for all you do!
 
For the freedom you enjoyed yesterday... Thank the Veterans who served in The United States Armed Forces.
 
Looking forward to tomorrow's freedom? Support The United States Armed Forces Today!
 
 
~ Hall of Heroes ~

The Berlin Airlift
Part 1:  The Beginning

All info and photos from this website.

ArmyPatch small   NavySeal small   Air Force Seal   Marines Seal small   Coast Guard Seal small (better)
For the next four weeks, on Mondays, the Hall of the Heroes threads will be about the Berlin Airlift and its heroes.  I hope the story inspires you like it does me!  Thank you to ConorMacNessa for the thread topic tip!  I know we did this last year, but I just love the story and I hope you don't mind the repeat!  
The Berlin Airlift

PRELUDE TO CONFLICT
At the end of WWII, a defeated Germany was divided amongst the victors, the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France. The Soviet Union took control of the Eastern half of Germany, the Western half was divided amongst the US, Great Britain, and France. Like the rest of the country, the capital city of Berlin, sitting dead in the middle of the Soviet-controlled Eastern half, was also divided into four parts, one half being Soviet controlled, and the rest divided amongst the others. A four-power provisional government, called the Allied Control Council, was installed in Berlin.  This union of governments was to control and rebuild the city of Berlin.



 

By 1948, it became apparent that the Western Powers (Great Britain, France, and US) plan to rebuild Germany differed from the Soviet Union's plan. Currency, German Unification, Soviet War reparations, and mere ideology were among the many differences the two sides had. There would be no compromise. As a result, Stalin wanted them out of Berlin.  In early 1948, tensions between the once former Allies climaxed.  On April 9, 1948, Stalin ordered all American Military personnel maintaining communications equipment out of the Eastern Zone (Soviet controlled Berlin).  Trains were halted on June 1and June10.  On June 21, the Soviets halted a US Military Supply Train and refused it passage to Berlin.  On the 22nd, they placed armed guards aboard, attached a Soviet engine and hauled it back to Western Germany.  In a final move to spurn the Americans, British, and French out, on June 24, 1948, all land and water access to West Berlin was cut off by the Soviets.  There were to be no more supplies from the West.  What was going to happen?  Where were the necessary supplies going to come from for the Occupation Forces?  For that matter, where were the supplies for the 2,008,943 Berliners going to come from?  It was a grave situation.


General Lucius Clay                          Sir Brian Robertson                             General Curt LeMay                       Brig. General Joseph Smith


The Allies were certainly not going to stand for this. Diplomacy failed, Ground invasions were planned, and World War 3 was on the brink of existence.  US Military Commander Lucius Clay had developed a plan by which an armed convoy through Soviet Controlled Germany would break the blockade.  This action would certainly create a war.

A Douglas C-47, the military version of the DC-3.  It is capable of hauling 3.5 tons of cargo.

 

MEAGER BEGINNINGS 
 

However, British Commander Sir Brian Robertson offered an alternative: supply the city by air.  A daunting task.  Supplying the Occupation forces of 22,679 was easy, but the entire population?  The only aircraft the Americans had available for the task were 5 year old Douglas C-47 Skytrains, which would only hold 3.5 tons each.  After some consultation, the decision was made: it was worth a try.  Earlier in April, US Forces airlifted in supplies to replace the ones being delayed by the Soviets.  This was what became known as the "Little Lift".  West Berlin had two airports, Tempelhof, which was Berlin's main airport and located in the American Sector, and Gatow, in the British Sector.  Supplies could be airlifted in by C-47 and there was nothing the Soviet Union could do about because, in 1945, someone had foresight.  On November 30, 1945, it was agreed, in writing, that there would be three 20-mile wide air corridors providing access to the city. These were unarguable. 

When the blockade began, the Soviets rejoiced, because they believed the Western powers had only one option, to leave Berlin.  But they underestimated the West airlift supplies.  Gen. Clay called upon General Curtis E. LeMay, commander of USAFE and asked him if he could haul supplies to Berlin.  LeMay responded, "We can haul anything".  Two days later Gen. LeMay called upon Brig. Gen. Joseph Smith, Commander of the Wiesbaden Military Post, and appointed him Task Force Commander of an airlift operation estimated to last a few weeks.  The only US aircraft initially available were 102 C-47's and 2 C-54 Skymasters.  On June 26, the first C-47's landed at Tempelhof Airfield, foreshadowing the great operation that was to come.  Smith dubbed the mission "Operation Vittles", because he said "We're haulin' grub."  The British called their part "Operation Plane Fare". 

It was determined that the city's daily food ration would be 646 tons of flour and wheat; 125 tons of cereal; 64 tons of fat; 109 tons of meat and fish; 180 tons of dehydrated potatoes; 180 tons of sugar; 11 tons of coffee; 19 tons of powdered milk; 5 tons of whole milk for children; 3 tons of fresh yeast for baking; 144 tons of dehydrated vegetables; 38 tons of salt; and 10 tons of cheese.  In total, 1,534 tons were needed daily to keep the over 2 million people alive.  That's not including other necessities, like coal and fuel.  In fact, the largest quantity of anything required was coal.  It wasn't needed to heat homes as much as it was necessary for industry.  In addition, there was limited electricity, because the city's power plant was located in the Soviet sector, so that was cut off, too.  It was determined that in total supplies, 3,475 tons would be needed daily.  A C-47 can haul 3.5 tons.  In order to supply the people of Berliners, C-47's would have to make 1000 flights each day.  Impossible. 

Initially, Gen. Clay determined that, with the limited number of airplanes available to him, he could haul about 300 tons of supplies a day, the British effort, was estimated to be capable of 750 tons a day.  This leaves a 2,425-ton deficit daily.  Realizing that this kind of tonnage could not be achieved using C-47's, Gen. Clay and Gen. LeMay made requests for more C-54's, for they could carry over three times more cargo than C-47's.  On June 27, an additional 52 Skymasters were ordered to Berlin.
 

A Douglas C-54 Skymaster.  It was capable of hauling 10 tons, almost
3 times as much cargo as its predecessor, the C-47.

 This particular C-54 called "Spirit of Freedom" TM, is currently operated
by the Foundation as a flying museum about the Airlift.

 

On June 28, President Truman made a statement that abandoning Berlin was out of the question.  He then ordered US B-29 Superfortresses to be stationed at British airfields to show the Soviets that the Western powers were not taking this lightly.  We would not abandon these people!

By July 1, C-54's were slowly taking over airlift flights, and they were operating 24 hours a day.  Rhein-Main Air Base in Frankfort was made exclusive C-54 base, and Wiesbaden was a mix of C-54's and C-47's.  To accommodate these two different aircraft, General Smith established a block system, giving the bigger, faster C-54's priority.  They were also given radio codes to identify each type and the direction it was going.  C-47's going East to Berlin were called "Easy", returning C-47's traveling West, were called "Willie".  C-54's had the names "Big Easy" and "Big Willie".  Aircraft were also given a spacing of three minutes apart. 

The size of the operation had to be increased in order to sufficiently supply this city and keep these people going.  It needed to be commanded by someone who had expertise in air transport.  That man came in the form of Maj. General William H. Tunner.  He was revered as "The transportation expert to end all transportation experts" by LeMay.  Tunner had previously established the Ferrying Command in WWII, and successfully organized and commanded the "Hump" operation into China near the end of the war.  His reputation was not falsely earned.  Tunner hated to see airplanes parked on the ramp not being utilized. This was a waste to him.  He longed for efficiency and was about to set the standard for all that followed.


....Continued next week.....

 

Please remember the Canteen is here to honor, support and entertain our troops and their families.  This is a politics-free zone!  Thanks for helping us in our mission!


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Extended News; Free Republic
KEYWORDS: canteen; military; troopsupport
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To: Kirkwood

The stinkers have chewed holes in the soffits (sp?)
of the house.
Now I have to replace those..
Or rather, hubby does!


81 posted on 12/07/2008 7:05:46 PM PST by MS.BEHAVIN (Women who behave rarely make history)
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To: MS.BEHAVIN
I have lots of owls in my area. Mostly horned owls, but some others. Some nights I wake up because they are hooting ouside my window or sitting on my chimney and the sound carries into the house. One night I had about a dozen in my backyard all hooting to each other. What a racket! It was amazing! I want to make some owl boxes for them, but they seem to be doing fine wherever they sleep during the day.

82 posted on 12/07/2008 7:06:00 PM PST by Kirkwood
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To: TASMANIANRED
HiYa

83 posted on 12/07/2008 7:06:23 PM PST by SandRat (Duty, Honor, Country! What else needs said?)
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To: Kirkwood

Owls rock!
I have only seen one big owl here..
He was swooping after some lil critter on the ground.
We have alot of those little screech owls..
I know where they get their name!
LOL


84 posted on 12/07/2008 7:10:31 PM PST by MS.BEHAVIN (Women who behave rarely make history)
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To: MS.BEHAVIN

85 posted on 12/07/2008 7:12:04 PM PST by TASMANIANRED (TAZ:Untamed, Unpredictable, Uninhibited.)
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To: Kirkwood

Small things have to be very resourceful.


86 posted on 12/07/2008 7:12:49 PM PST by TASMANIANRED (TAZ:Untamed, Unpredictable, Uninhibited.)
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To: Kirkwood

Watch this

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ez5QPW-ku4


87 posted on 12/07/2008 7:13:56 PM PST by TASMANIANRED (TAZ:Untamed, Unpredictable, Uninhibited.)
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To: MS.BEHAVIN

Awsome bird.

I love watching raptors fly.


88 posted on 12/07/2008 7:14:39 PM PST by TASMANIANRED (TAZ:Untamed, Unpredictable, Uninhibited.)
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To: HopeandGlory
And in for 2nd and the silver....Nana Hope!!


89 posted on 12/07/2008 7:15:31 PM PST by Kathy in Alaska (~ RIP Brian...heaven's gain...the Coast Guard lost a good one.~)
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To: Kirkwood

Easier than making a nest.

Try putting some tin around the openings so it is harder for them to gnaw.


90 posted on 12/07/2008 7:15:50 PM PST by TASMANIANRED (TAZ:Untamed, Unpredictable, Uninhibited.)
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To: SandRat

LOL.

That’s me.


91 posted on 12/07/2008 7:17:02 PM PST by TASMANIANRED (TAZ:Untamed, Unpredictable, Uninhibited.)
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To: HiJinx
And rounding out the top 3 for the bronze....HJ!!


92 posted on 12/07/2008 7:17:35 PM PST by Kathy in Alaska (~ RIP Brian...heaven's gain...the Coast Guard lost a good one.~)
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To: MS.BEHAVIN

I thought the mothman was swooping over my car one night as I pulled into the driveway.

Huge owl lighted in the neighbors Oak.


93 posted on 12/07/2008 7:17:59 PM PST by TASMANIANRED (TAZ:Untamed, Unpredictable, Uninhibited.)
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To: TASMANIANRED; Kirkwood

This photo is hard to beat
Falconry.

94 posted on 12/07/2008 7:18:38 PM PST by MS.BEHAVIN (Women who behave rarely make history)
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To: Kathy in Alaska

Evening Kathy, Hugs.


95 posted on 12/07/2008 7:18:40 PM PST by TASMANIANRED (TAZ:Untamed, Unpredictable, Uninhibited.)
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To: Kathy in Alaska; StarCMC

Thank you for tonight’s story of a wonderful thing that our
troops did for the ones who were defeated. That is the history
of our military. They help the helpless and protect their own.


96 posted on 12/07/2008 7:18:54 PM PST by luvie (Now....on to 2012........Palin/Jindal)
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To: TASMANIANRED

Don’t mess with the Mama rabbit! I’ll bet she had some youngsters in a nearby nest.


97 posted on 12/07/2008 7:19:06 PM PST by Kirkwood
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To: Kathy in Alaska

Your map reminds me of a saying from when I was in Berlin.

The Russians control the Russian sector...
The French control the French sector...
The British control the British sector...
The Germans control the American sector!

We never have been about imperialism. Stoopid libs.


98 posted on 12/07/2008 7:19:12 PM PST by HiJinx (~ Support our Troops ~ www.americasupportsyou.mil ~)
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To: TASMANIANRED

Hey, Taz...sorry ‘bout the silence. Nana called me over to watch a movie with her...An Unfinished Life with Rob’t Redford, Morgan Freeman, and that Lopez girl.

Pretty good one, set in Wyoming. The scenery was fantastic.


99 posted on 12/07/2008 7:21:03 PM PST by HiJinx (~ Support our Troops ~ www.americasupportsyou.mil ~)
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To: MS.BEHAVIN

The screech owls are very cute, but it is unnerving when I hear a blood-curdling scream at 1 am outside my window. The hooting owls are nicer for sleeping.


100 posted on 12/07/2008 7:21:33 PM PST by Kirkwood
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