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Scientists Measure What It Takes to Push a Single Atom
NY Times ^ | February 22, 2008 | KENNETH CHANG

Posted on 02/23/2008 5:08:00 PM PST by neverdem

I.B.M. scientists have measured the force needed to nudge one atom.

About one-130-millionth of an ounce of force pushes a cobalt atom across a smooth, flat piece of platinum.

Pushing the same atom along a copper surface is easier, just one-1,600-millionth of an ounce of force.

The scientists report these minuscule findings in Friday’s issue of the journal Science.

I.B.M. scientists have been pushing atoms around for some time, since Donald M. Eigler of the company’s Almaden Research Center in San Jose, Calif., spelled “IBM” using 35 xenon atoms in 1989. Since then, researchers at the company have continued to explore how they might be able to construct structures and electronic components out of individual atoms.

Knowing the precise forces required to move atoms “helps us to understand what is possible and what is not possible,” said Andreas J. Heinrich, a physicist at Almaden and an author of the new Science paper. “It’s a stepping stone for us, but it’s by no means the end goal.”

In the experiment, Dr. Heinrich and his collaborators at Almaden and the University of Regensburg in Germany used the sharp tip of an atomic force microscope to push a single atom. To measure the force, the tip was attached to a small tuning fork, the same kind that is found in a quartz wristwatch. In fact, in the first prototype, Franz J. Giessibl, a scientist at Regensburg who was a pioneer in the use of atomic force microscopes, bought an inexpensive watch and pulled out the quartz tuning fork for use in the experiment.

The tip vibrates 20,000 times a second until it comes into contact with an atom. As the tip pushes, the tuning fork bends, like a diving board, and the vibration frequency dips.

A single atom does not roll, and even...

(Excerpt) Read more at nytimes.com ...


TOPICS: Business/Economy; Culture/Society; News/Current Events; Technical
KEYWORDS: physics; science
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To: the invisib1e hand

OK, when you used the word “wrong” what did you mean?


21 posted on 02/23/2008 7:22:19 PM PST by Balding_Eagle (If America falls, darkness will cover the face of the earth for a thousand years.)
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To: neverdem

This is great info. I’ve always wanted to push a bunch of those little buggers around.


22 posted on 02/23/2008 7:26:10 PM PST by Fiddlstix (Warning! This Is A Subliminal Tagline! Read it at your own risk!(Presented by TagLines R US))
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To: SpaceBar

Heard that, could you imagine Newton with a staff of programmers and a row of mainframes?


23 posted on 02/23/2008 8:06:19 PM PST by quantim (Victory is not relative, it is absolute.)
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To: Balding_Eagle

Actually, conductivity in megasiemens per meter:

Silver 63
Copper 58 or 59
Gold 45
Aluminum 37
Platinum 9.5


24 posted on 02/23/2008 8:18:50 PM PST by Erasmus (Exile from Gondwanaland)
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To: SpaceBar

Well heck, pilgrim.

You got yer theoretical physics, and then you got yer experimental physics. Seems t’ me it takes both kinds.


25 posted on 02/23/2008 8:22:15 PM PST by Erasmus (Exile from Gondwanaland)
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To: Erasmus

As I read what you posted copper is a better conductor that gold?

Doesn’t seem right, but I’m not an expert.


26 posted on 02/23/2008 8:23:29 PM PST by Balding_Eagle (If America falls, darkness will cover the face of the earth for a thousand years.)
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To: the invisib1e hand

So, what did you mean by your posts?


27 posted on 02/23/2008 8:25:13 PM PST by Balding_Eagle (If America falls, darkness will cover the face of the earth for a thousand years.)
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To: Erasmus
You got yer theoretical physics, and then you got yer experimental physics. Seems t’ me it takes both kinds.

Yup. Point taken.
28 posted on 02/23/2008 8:47:02 PM PST by SpaceBar
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To: hosepipe

Interesting subject. Thanks for the ping!


29 posted on 02/23/2008 9:41:47 PM PST by Alamo-Girl
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To: Balding_Eagle

Right. They’re listed from most conductive to least.


30 posted on 02/23/2008 9:44:31 PM PST by Erasmus (Exile from Gondwanaland)
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To: neverdem
About one-130-millionth of an ounce of force pushes a cobalt atom across a smooth, flat piece of platinum.

It would have been much less but they were using Union labor.

31 posted on 02/23/2008 9:46:51 PM PST by Grizzled Bear ("Does not play well with others.")
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To: TrueKnightGalahad
To my knowledge, the answer is 42. I guess we’re asking different questions.

Do NOT put the question and answer together!

32 posted on 02/23/2008 9:48:46 PM PST by Grizzled Bear ("Does not play well with others.")
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To: ari-freedom
it will take them a million years before they understand what it takes for a pregnant woman to give birth.

That's cause scientists rarely get any.

Although I'm sure she

has had plenty of offers.

Full Disclosure: Legend has it that Schrodinger came up with his famous wave equation whilst on a tryst in Switzerland with a mistress.

Cheers!

33 posted on 02/24/2008 5:10:53 AM PST by grey_whiskers (The opinions are solely those of the author and are subject to change without notice.)
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To: snarks_when_bored
Like, *PING*, dude.

Cheers!

34 posted on 02/24/2008 5:12:08 AM PST by grey_whiskers (The opinions are solely those of the author and are subject to change without notice.)
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To: the invisib1e hand

Chuckle. It seems I DID get it right in post #18! LOL!


35 posted on 02/24/2008 10:55:11 AM PST by Balding_Eagle (If America falls, darkness will cover the face of the earth for a thousand years.)
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