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How Quantum Physics Can Teach Biologists About Evolution
New York Times ^ | July 5, 2005 | Cornelia Dean

Posted on 07/06/2005 6:51:06 PM PDT by infocats

In the fall of 1900, a young German physicist, Max Planck, began making calculations about the glow emitted by objects heated to high temperature. In retrospect, it seems like a small-bore problem, just the task to give a young scientist at the beginning of his career.

But if the question sounds minor, Planck's answer was not. His work led him to discover a new world, the bizarre realm of quantum mechanics, where matter is both a particle and a wave and where the predictable stability of Newton gives way to probabilistic uncertainty.

As Dennis Overbye of The New York Times once put it in these pages, Planck had grasped "a loose thread that when tugged would eventually unravel the entire fabric of what had passed for reality."

Physicists reeled. But physics survived. And once they got over their shock, scientists began testing Planck's ideas with observation and experiment, work that eventually produced computer chips, lasers, CAT scans and a host of other useful technologies - all made possible through our new understanding of the way the world works.

Biologists might do well to keep Planck in mind as they confront creationism and "intelligent design" and battle to preserve the teaching of evolution in public schools.

Usually, when confronting the opponents of evolution, biologists make the case that evolution should be taught because it is true.

They cite radiocarbon dating to show that Earth is billions of years old, not a few thousand years old, as some creationists would have it. Biologists cite research on microbes, or the eye, or the biology of the cell to shoot down arguments that life is so "irreducibly complex" that only a supernatural force or agent could have called it into being, as intelligent designers would have it.

(Excerpt) Read more at nytimes.com ...


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Philosophy; Technical
KEYWORDS: physics; science
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To: unlearner
Whether it causes problems with planetary orbits is irrelevant (unless you mean to say that planetary orbits somehow prove that gravity has always been constant). The issue is what bearing it has on evolutionary theory since billions of years are so essential to this theory.

I was just letting you know that your criticism of uniformitarianism is a criticism of lots of scientific fields, not just evolution. Old Earth and uniformitarianism were established before the theory of evolution even existed. The relative ages of most strata were determined before evolution.

Age measurements amount to massive finger pointing and circular reasoning. If a new archaeological discovery is made that does not fit within the parameters of evolutionary theory, the theory evolves (which is not unscientific in and of itself).

Most fossils are found in strata that has already been dated, and which contains that era's fossils. So wild discrepancies with the theory would not be possible for evolutionists to wave away. For example the Burgess Shale is dated middle Cambrian Era (about 550 million years). No about of messing about with dates, or the theory, would explain finding a mammal fossil, or a bird fossil, or a dinosaur fossil in the Burgess Shale. Finding any of these would immediately falsify the evolution of that species, and throw serious doubt on the evolution in general. That's quite a tight spot which the Theory of Evolution has put itself in. But despite a hundred years of work on the burgess shale no such example has been found.

And this goes for various other fossil beds around the world. No major discrepancies. This is what I am talking about high odds for. The fossil record is not random - if it were there would be the odd discrepancy. It is sorted, but sorted in a way that subsequent eras of life throughout time would produce. Until someone comes up with a better explaination for the lack of discrepancies, this is the best explaination.

Many of the more prominent Intelligent Design people accept these strata represent different eras of life on Earth, some also accept common descent of species.

At what time in history was there less diversity of living things than today? And how do you know?

No trace of mammals in the cambrian, no trace of reptiles in the cambrian, no trace of birds in the cambrian. No trace of land animals at all during the cambrian.

What non-living time indicators exist that correspond to your historical arrangement of the complexity of living things?

http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/timescale.html

What assumptions (either axioms or logical extensions of them) are made when estimating the geological changes that have occurred during Earth's history?

here are some

How would possible cataclysmic events effect your model of predicted historical patterns and events?

Cataclysmic events such as volcanoes? meteor impacts? they leave evidence if that's what you mean.

How are your predictions more reliable than the ability to predict future weather patterns?

It's more about accuracy than reliability. I am not aware of any geological predictions. I am not interested enough in geology to find out.

The lack of a logical connection between more fundamental axioms implies that evolutionary theory itself is axiomatic. I cannot argue against a premise when there is none. This is what evolutionist hypocritically accuse creationists of.

Name two of these fundamental axioms so that I can see the lack of a logical connection between them for myself.

We know for certain that time does not flow at the same rate when measured at different velocities. So when you claim the earth or universe is a certain age (always stated as fact) where is the measurement valid?

On Earth and within our solar system. Billions of years of radiodecay have occured. This is what the measurements show. Relativity is beside the point - it doesn't matter how much time has passed relative to somewhere else in the universe, just on Earth.

What parts of the universe are older or younger?

I am younger than the Earth.

How much variation is there? .02%? 100,000%? If you admit that the universe did not always exist in its present form, what effect did the formation have on the time indicators we now use to measure the age of the universe and earth?

There is no known way to significantly alter the radiodecay rate. I recall that a change in the radiodecay rate would leave noticable effects, although I cannot remember what those changes are.

81 posted on 07/07/2005 11:40:07 AM PDT by bobdsmith
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To: edsheppa
There are ten, depending on how they are labeled or grouped. I looked it up in a textbook. I said thanks. Now don't get carried away thinking that your looking up something on the web justifies being insulting. I would take the time to name them all if it really was crucial to my point but you are getting sidetracked trying to make a simple mistake into a case of incompetence.

"Hardly, uness you're saying that faith is simply a matter of choice."

Faith and choice may be similar, but that was not my point. "Choice" applies when you are simply theorizing, but when someone says that algebra actually represents reality (which it probably does only in proximity) then you are accepting the axioms on the basis of faith. Whether you "choose" to believe they are real is no longer relevant when you are building skyscrapers, planes and cars.
82 posted on 07/07/2005 11:47:20 AM PDT by unlearner
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To: BedRock

I probably got too snippy in my earlier post. For that you have my public apology.

I do keep an open mind, however, after looking at all the data, I had no choice but to reject creationism and ID.


83 posted on 07/07/2005 11:55:07 AM PDT by RadioAstronomer (Senior member of Darwin Central)
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To: RadioAstronomer

Which parts?


84 posted on 07/07/2005 11:56:57 AM PDT by BedRock ("A country that doesn't enforce it's laws will live in chaos, & will cease to exist.")
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To: unlearner
misuse of analogy:
algebraic axioms are "observable"; their function can be demonstrated hence they are accepted. you can attempt to find examples disproving the axiom.

god cannot be observed directly nor quantified. it can neither be proved nor disproved by the scientific manner. (spinoza proved logically that god does not exist but that was just word games)

i have no problem with intelligent design but it is religion not science. evolution does not contradict intelligent design, the existence of god or a designer cannot be proven/disproven so it is outside the "discussion". intelligent design provides a philosophical framework for combining religion and science within one's personal philosophy of life.
85 posted on 07/07/2005 2:22:19 PM PDT by thejokker
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To: thejokker
"intelligent design... is religion not science"

Evolutionary origination of species is (bad & inaccurate) history, not science. Evolutionary adaptation is science.

The claim that man and apes shared the same ancestors is no more scientific than the claim that Jesus rose from the dead. Both are historical claims that can be scientifically investigated to some extent. Historical proof is not the same as scientific proof (even though both are valid foundations for knowledge), yet evolutionists cannot tell the difference.

"[God] can neither be proved nor disproved by the scientific manner."

"misuse of analogy: ... you can attempt to find examples disproving the axiom"

axiom - n 1: a saying that widely accepted on its own merits [syn: maxim] 2: (logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident

"algebraic axioms are observable"

Really? Can you give one example?

The more I use the algebraic axiom analogy and find no one has a rebuttal that even comes close to working, the more I realize the analogy is flawless.
86 posted on 07/07/2005 3:01:06 PM PDT by unlearner
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To: unlearner
Now don't get carried away thinking that your looking up something on the web justifies being insulting.

I think my posting you a link that you don't even bother to look at *is* insulting.

And your textbook is wrong if you think it is describing the algebra that's taught in high school. This requires more than ten rules.

I would take the time to name them all if it really was crucial to my point but you are getting sidetracked trying to make a simple mistake into a case of incompetence.

If it is not crucial, why did you bother to say *eight* axioms in the first place? If it is not crucial, why bother to look it up in a book and claim ten later? The reason it is crucial and the reason you bothered to do those things is because you want to give the appearance of knowing what you're talking about. In fact, I think you probably even think you *do* know what you're talking about. But I'm not going to let you get away with it.

...but when someone says that algebra actually represents reality...

Which no one claims, unless you are making that claim. If you are, I will be happy to wager, based on the track record of similar claims of Truth in the past, that you are wrong.

Whether you "choose" to believe they are real...

Again, you are simply showing your ignorance of math and science. We choose the axioms of mathematical and scientific theories based on utility. In science the utility of theories is based largely on their ability to make very good predictions about physical phenomena. There is no claim of Absolute Truth.

87 posted on 07/07/2005 3:05:00 PM PDT by edsheppa
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To: bobdsmith
Overall a very good reply. I appreciate your sense of humor:

"I am younger than the Earth."

Some of the issues you brought up are over my head and I will have to research them more when I have the chance. Thanks for the links. I have read them, but will need to research each era and what living things correspond to which era.

In reply to my question: At what time in history was there less diversity of living things than today?

You answered: "No trace of mammals in the cambrian, no trace of reptiles in the cambrian, no trace of birds in the cambrian. No trace of land animals at all during the cambrian."

But what living things are found in that era? And is there a greater variety? How do we know that simpler life forms are preserved in fossil records? If they are not, how can we know that earlier life was less diverse?

"Name two of these fundamental axioms so that I can see the lack of a logical connection between them for myself."

That's what I am looking for from evolutionists. I do not know what fundamental axioms it is supposed to built upon. If we were discussing algebra we could use the transitive and symmetric axioms for our two examples. The axioms cannot be proved true or false but are assumed true for the purpose of developing this mathematical theory.
88 posted on 07/07/2005 4:08:42 PM PDT by unlearner
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To: edsheppa
First, I DID read the page you linked to. Even if I had not, it is not an insult. You did not write them. What if I posted a list of links and demanded that you read and debate them point by point. I found that the groupings of axioms (which are the same) is less clear.

"If it is not crucial, why did you bother to say *eight* axioms in the first place?"

I was going from memory and made a simple mistake. I guess I am to believe you do not make these kind of mistakes.

"The reason it is crucial and the reason you bothered to do those things is because you want to give the appearance of knowing what you're talking about."

And you are giving the appearance of a thick-headed, time waster. You must be a real pain to be around. I am glad I do not have family or coworkers who are so annoying. And of course I leave off friends because they would not remain in that circle for long. Do you realize what a condescending, self-important, weasel you come across as.

"Which no one claims [that algebra represents reality], unless you are making that claim. "

As a matter of fact MOST people make that error. And you can probably find some in this forum. Einstein pointed out the tendency of people to view math this way. I am not exactly sure what you were trying to wager here. But never mind, I have no interest in any such dealings with you anyway.

"There is no claim of Absolute Truth."

Well at least you got that right. You do not know the truth. I do not think you really have anything to contribute.
89 posted on 07/07/2005 4:09:55 PM PDT by unlearner
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To: unlearner
When people use math and other sciences to make predictions about the real world the axioms become matters of faith since you cannot actually choose what is real.

No. People have choice, not faith, in which axiom systems to use in a particular situation. Should an axiom system not yield the desired results (with respect to physics, for example), another axiom system will be invented. Note that only five axioms suffice to give the integers (and prove that such axioms cannot be proved consistent.) A different set is needed for geometry (and these can be used to prove that geometry is consistent). Other axioms are needed for complex numbers, etc. Groups need only four axioms but it's surprising how rich the theory is. (Semi-groups and quasi-groups need only three.)

90 posted on 07/07/2005 4:23:15 PM PDT by Doctor Stochastic (Vegetabilisch = chaotisch is der Charakter der Modernen. - Friedrich Schlegel)
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To: unlearner
As a matter of fact MOST people make that error.

So, you know it is an error and yet in your original post you say

Even pure sciences like algebra are based on faith.
Leaving aside your classification of algebra as science as loose terminology or another simple mistake, the only logical reconciliation I can make from these two statements is that you think scientists and mathematicians who *accept* (to use a neutral term) say evolution or algebra resp. are stupidly thinking that scientific and mathematical theories are True and Real. Well, that is wrong and ignorant because scientists and mathematicians *don't* accept axioms on faith as True and Real but as a choice based on their utility.

If that is *not* your point, then you aren't making it clearly at all.

I guess I am to believe you do not make these kind of mistakes.

Oh, it is not unheard of, to say the least. The difference is that, when my mistake is pointed out, I admit it and don't just try to bluster through. I also try to verify factual claims, even when fairly certain, before I post.

And you are giving the appearance of a thick-headed, time waster. ... Do you realize what a condescending, self-important, weasel you come across as.

Hahaha. Don't like getting called for your mistakes, eh? That's typical. There are few anti-Es who will simply admit their errors and lack of knowledge when called.

I am not exactly sure what you were trying to wager here.

I think my post was quite clear, but to spell it out in detail, the wager is *if* you are claiming that ordinary algebra is somehow a True description of Reality, e.g. that space-time is continuous, then this claim will be contradicted by future observations. I base my wager on the poor track record of many prior claims of Truth.

BTW, although I didn't point it out before, you're also wrong to claim that evolution has no foundational mathematical theory.

91 posted on 07/07/2005 5:16:29 PM PDT by edsheppa
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To: edsheppa
"So, you know it is an error and yet in your original post you say"

We base real-world decisions on the reliability of a loose correspondence between mathematical theories and the real world. That is a "leap of faith". So is the idea that evolutionary theory represents the actual history of life on earth. And I contend that lacking any clear logical proof back to foundational axioms, the theory of the origins of species is itself axiomatic and thus must be accepted in the basis of faith if one is to believe that the theory roughly corresponds to actual events.

"Leaving aside your classification of algebra as science"

mathematics - n : a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement [syn: math, maths]Source: WordNet ® 2.0, © 2003 Princeton University

"The difference is that, when my mistake is pointed out, I admit it"

Perhaps you should look back over my original response where I DID admit I was mistaken and thanked you for correcting my error. I do not, however, feel obliged to get down on my knees and kiss your posterior for it, particularly after you continue to harp on it after I admitted my error. And even more so when you insist on making it the center of the debate when it is immaterial.

" I base my wager on the poor track record of many prior claims of Truth."

Well, we would be wagering on the same side in this case, so perhaps my original point was not expressed clearly enough as you said. Hopefully, my first paragraph here is sufficiently clear.

"you're also wrong to claim that evolution has no foundational mathematical theory."

I am still waiting for someone to enlighten me on that. All I have ever been pointed to is some mathematical tables. I have never seen any mathematical proofs of the kind. I can't blame evolutionists, though; I always hated the "prove your work" part of math. So feel free.
92 posted on 07/07/2005 5:48:50 PM PDT by unlearner
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To: Doctor Stochastic
"No. People have choice, not faith, in which axiom systems to use"

As I am pointing out elsewhere, and at the risk of being redundant:

We base real-world decisions on the reliability of a loose correspondence between mathematical theories and the real world. That is a "leap of faith". So is the idea that evolutionary theory represents the actual history of life on earth. And I contend that lacking any clear logical proof back to foundational axioms, the theory of the origins of species is itself axiomatic and thus must be accepted on the basis of faith if one is to believe that the theory roughly corresponds to actual events.
93 posted on 07/07/2005 6:03:17 PM PDT by unlearner
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To: edsheppa; Doctor Stochastic; bobdsmith

94 posted on 07/07/2005 8:24:27 PM PDT by RightWingAtheist (Creationism is not conservative!)
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To: unlearner
We base real-world decisions on the reliability of a loose correspondence between mathematical theories and the real world. That is a "leap of faith".

There is no leap of faith involved in this. We *create* and *choose* these theories so that there is a reliable correspondence between the mathematical predictions and observations. Is it a leap of faith to expect a hammer to be good at driving nails? No, we create the hammer to be good at it.

One might argue that simply supposing that we can create these good theories is a leap of faith. I reject that contention also - it is not a leap of faith, but rather based on a solid track record. We *have* created good theories and there is no reason to suppose we can't continue to do so.

mathematics - n : a science ...

This meaning of the word "science" is "an organized body of knowledge" examples being "domestic science" or "culinary science." Is that what you meant by the word when you said this?

ALL science is founded upon faith. Even pure sciences like algebra are based on faith.
If so, then you're saying that culinary science and domestic science are founded on faith. That is a curious view.

I am still waiting for someone to enlighten me on that.

Look here to get a flavor of the mathematical foundations of at least one major part of modern evolutionary theory. I'm sure if you're really interested, more information is easily available.

95 posted on 07/07/2005 9:00:28 PM PDT by edsheppa
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To: RightWingAtheist
I loved that show! Ira reminded me of a less goofy version of Gabe Kaplan.

Okay, then this should ring a bell :)

96 posted on 07/07/2005 9:08:45 PM PDT by general_re ("Frantic orthodoxy is never rooted in faith, but in doubt." - Reinhold Niebuhr)
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To: COBOL2Java
'Curious though at Schroeder's theory(?) of the human's soul (neshama) being involved by God at the invention of writing.

I rather think of at least it's origins somewhat earlier in the form of cave art and some sense of "being" after death.

Even Neanderthal's burial of their dead with flowers some 35,000 years earlier bore some sense of Deuteronmy 4:19 and Malachi 1:11.

Schroeder's earlier tie-in with Archbishop James Ussher, notwithstanding.

God's grace to You and Yours.

97 posted on 07/07/2005 9:50:03 PM PDT by onedoug
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To: edsheppa
I have browsed and book-marked your reference. I will have to make time to study this later.

"Is it a leap of faith to expect a hammer to be good at driving nails?"

We are able to validate mathematical science by experience. The assumption that the math represents the real world is faith. EVERYTHING you have said about axiomatic foundations of math apply to faith in God. Yet if someone says we *choose* to accept the existence of God and make real world predictions which are found accurate and useful, this is not "science" to evolutionists but religion. You cannot distinguish the acceptance of mathematical axioms from the acceptance of God's existence.

"This meaning of the word 'science' [defining mathematics] is 'an organized body of knowledge' examples being 'domestic science' or 'culinary science'."

You might want to reread Einstein's Relativity. He refers to math as a "science" in a more limited sense. I regard him as a scientist.

It is quite amusing to me that evolutionists regard their theory as completely scientific, but not math. Evolutionary theory is a mixture of science and history. Math is purely scientific. It is pure logic.
98 posted on 07/08/2005 12:06:46 AM PDT by unlearner
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To: thejokker
and since god or an intelligent designer cannot be proven then one needs only reject the unsupported premise to discredit the argument.

My understanding is that nothing in science is ever "proven." Therefore I reject science :-)
99 posted on 07/08/2005 12:21:57 AM PDT by UnbelievingScumOnTheOtherSide (Give Them Liberty Or Give Them Death! - Islam Delenda Est! - Rumble thee forth...)
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To: unlearner
The assumption that the math represents the real world is faith.

I will try once more. As I have said repeatedly, it is not an assumption and it is not faith. We *create* the scientific theories and *choose* their axioms so that the predictions are good.

EVERYTHING you have said about axiomatic foundations of math apply to faith in God.

I suspect that virtually all religious would object vehemently if I were to suggest that they create God and choose His properties in the same way mathematicians create theories and choose their axioms. I assume you are religious. Do you actually feel that way? I mean, is it really just a choice of yours to believe that God created the universe? I bet not. I'm quite sure that if someone were to say otherwise, you would consider that person wrong and wouldn't feel that they'd simply made a different choice from yours.

Yet if someone says we *choose* to accept the existence of God and make real world predictions which are found accurate and useful, this is not "science" to evolutionists but religion.

Then let's see a prediction. Here are the rules. You must lay out a theory with God as an axiom. Then you must deduce in a valid proof your prediction from those axioms. The God axiom must play an intrinsic role in the proof, that is, it must not be possible to derive the prediction without it. The prediction must be at least in principle testable and preferably practically testable. If you can do this, you may be on to something and then we can compare the power and utility of your theory to the power and utility of competing theories.

You cannot distinguish the acceptance of mathematical axioms from the acceptance of God's existence.

I think I can. The nature of the commitment is completely different. Religious people accept God's existence as a True Fact. Mathematicians shape their theories to suit their purposes and don't think of them as True Facts.

Now you claim these are the same. If so then you ought to be able to tell me some attribute of God that you have chosen simply based on its utility in the same way the mathematicians accept or reject the axiom of choice or the parallel postulate.

It is quite amusing to me that evolutionists regard their theory as completely scientific, but not math.

It all depends on what you mean by science. I was using it, and I think this is the common usage, to mean bodies of knowledge studied by the scientific method, the stuff you learn about in high school science classes, the things written up in Nature and Science. It is often mathematical, but the math isn't the object of the study, simply a means.

100 posted on 07/08/2005 1:12:28 AM PDT by edsheppa
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