| Transcript |
| · | Introduction and overview |
| 0:00 | · | today I'm going to take you to explore |
| 0:02 | · | San Clemente this wonderful medieval |
| 0:04 | · | church and we'll go down below to the |
| 0:07 | · | earlier levels all the way back to the |
| 0:10 | · | first century ad and this Temple of |
| 0:13 | · | mithis hey today I want to take you |
| 0:16 | · | inside and under San Clemente it really is |
| 0:18 | · | one of my favorite places to go I've |
| 0:20 | · | done shows here but it's a personal |
| 0:23 | · | thing it's a clear way to understand the |
| 0:25 | · | layers of history that Rome is literally |
| 0:28 | · | one city on top of another we can start |
| 0:31 | · | with the Imperial City we can start with |
| 0:34 | · | a house that also has a metham over top |
| 0:38 | · | there's going to be a house that becomes |
| 0:40 | · | a house church that becomes the first |
| 0:42 | · | version of San Clemente of the fifth |
| 0:44 | · | century and then on top We've Got This |
| 0:47 | · | Magnificent Church of the 12th century |
| 0:50 | · | with Incredible mosaics incredible |
| 0:53 | · | cosmes floors we see the layers of |
| 0:56 | · | History of Rome from the end of the |
| 0:59 | · | first century ad we go into the fourth |
| 1:01 | · | and fifth centuries ad with that early |
| 1:05 | · | church that lives a long life until the |
| 1:09 | · | early 11th century and then we get this |
| 1:11 | · | magnificent Church on top which still |
| 1:14 | · | stands today the layers of History let's |
| 1:17 | · | explore under San Clemente. San Clemente |
| 1:20 | · | church is located in a valley in the |
| 1:22 | · | kylian Hill district and its Irish |
| 1:25 | · | Dominicans began to investigate and |
| 1:27 | · | excavate the church toward the end of |
| 1:30 | · | the 19th century and what a discovery |
| 1:31 | · | they made we can descend today to the |
| 1:34 | · | early church and then again down another |
| 1:37 | · | staircase to the ancient layers of Rome |
| 1:40 | · | 11 M beneath the modern pavement the |
| 1:44 | · | lover we're going to explore includes a |
| 1:46 | · | domus of the late 1st Century ad and an |
| 1:50 | · | adjacent Warehouse or horum and the real |
| 1:53 | · | standout feature in this house is a |
| · | Imperial house (with Mithraeum) and warehouse |
| 1:56 | · | Subterranean trinium Hall whose walls |
| 1:59 | · | were blocked in and benches were added |
| 2:01 | · | to convert this space into a cave likee |
| 2:04 | · | space into a methra for the worship of |
| 2:07 | · | the god mithis in the 2 Century ad he |
| 2:11 | · | was popular with the military and you |
| 2:13 | · | have this altar in the center for the |
| 2:16 | · | worshippers who are reclining on benches |
| 2:18 | · | with shelves for food to be distributed |
| 2:20 | · | by slaves and you see the main Act of |
| 2:23 | · | Miis killing a bull the blood is |
| 2:26 | · | splattering this on one side of an alter |
| 2:30 | · | which is dedicated by gas Arius |
| 2:32 | · | claudianus and on the other side of the |
| 2:34 | · | altar we have Cales with the torch up |
| 2:37 | · | and copas with the torch down and |
| 2:39 | · | finally even a snake so there are great |
| 2:42 | · | symbols that are involved with the |
| 2:44 | · | worship of this deity very very popular |
| 2:47 | · | in the second and 3D centuries ad there |
| 2:49 | · | are other spaces in the house that are |
| 2:51 | · | also going to be decorated at this time |
| 2:54 | · | and we have a series of rooms then where |
| 2:56 | · | benches are also added this particular |
| 2:59 | · | room is known as The Scholar the school |
| 3:02 | · | for the worshippers of myther we don't |
| 3:03 | · | really know what's going on here but we |
| 3:05 | · | do know there's a big overhaul of this |
| 3:08 | · | house in the 2 Century ad I can take you |
| 3:11 | · | and show you things that you didn't even |
| 3:13 | · | know existed I want to take you to |
| 3:16 | · | places that you know and show you things |
| 3:18 | · | you never even thought of so reach out |
| 3:20 | · | to me with questions in the comments you |
| 3:23 | · | can write to me directly if you want to |
| 3:25 | · | do something private some excursions you |
| 3:28 | · | let me know and of course I offer |
| 3:31 | · | through the American Institute for Roman |
| 3:32 | · | culture ancient Rome live courses you |
| 3:35 | · | can join me in Rome Italy and throughout |
| 3:39 | · | the Empire now we're going to leave the |
| 3:41 | · | domis and we're going to pass over into |
| 3:43 | · | the remains of the horum not entirely |
| 3:46 | · | excavated but we can see a series of |
| 3:49 | · | rooms which would have originally faced |
| 3:51 | · | an open courtyard which has not been |
| 3:53 | · | excavated so we're passing from the |
| 3:55 | · | domus here we're passing through a |
| 3:58 | · | narrow alleyway and now transitioning |
| 4:01 | · | through a huge wall which has been |
| 4:03 | · | partially removed to allow us access now |
| 4:06 | · | into this horum space what was stored |
| 4:09 | · | here we don't know but this was an |
| 4:12 | · | enormous Enterprise some Scholars would |
| 4:14 | · | associate it with the mint which we know |
| 4:16 | · | was somewhere in the neighborhood but |
| 4:18 | · | the thing is the mint was going on in |
| 4:21 | · | use far beyond the use of this |
| 4:24 | · | particular warehouse and we know that |
| 4:26 | · | Natural Springs flowed we can see them |
| 4:28 | · | right here that caused quite a bit of |
| 4:32 | · | difficulty for the excavators but you |
| 4:34 | · | can connect to the natural features of |
| 4:36 | · | Rome and the water when you explore this |
| 4:40 | · | amazing warehouse and we can admire the |
| 4:43 | · | building techniques we can admire the |
| 4:45 | · | Herring bone brick and of course we can |
| 4:48 | · | see the planks where the concrete was |
| 4:51 | · | set into them to create the vating so |
| 4:54 | · | this is a warehouse with a long life and |
| 4:58 | · | even the floor that you walk on is |
| 5:00 | · | secondary there are lots of transitions |
| 5:02 | · | so we make our way through this horum |
| 5:06 | · | and we're going to make our way up on |
| 5:07 | · | top to the next layer of San Clemente |
| 5:11 | · | this is probably the area that's the |
| 5:12 | · | most difficult to understand because |
| 5:14 | · | this earlier Church which dates to the |
| 5:17 | · | fifth century is actually taking over a |
| · | Late Antique house and early Christian church |
| 5:21 | · | house in the 4th Century which was |
| 5:24 | · | occupying the domis but also now |
| 5:27 | · | covering over the remains of the horum |
| 5:28 | · | that was filled in in and that is then |
| 5:31 | · | the location of the first church of s |
| 5:34 | · | Clemente and if we look around we can |
| 5:37 | · | see some of the decoration from that |
| 5:39 | · | original House converted into this early |
| 5:41 | · | church right here but as we walk around |
| 5:45 | · | the site of San Clemente in use from the |
| 5:48 | · | fifth century all the way to its |
| 5:50 | · | abandonment in the 11th we see various |
| 5:53 | · | uses of Fresco decoration but we also |
| 5:57 | · | see Reus sarcophagi from the Pagan |
| 6:00 | · | period so it's quite extraordinary look |
| 6:02 | · | at this Mary of the 8th Century she |
| 6:05 | · | looks like a Byzantine princess so we've |
| 6:07 | · | got early decorations and then we have |
| 6:11 | · | with a grand Nave and its columns a |
| 6:14 | · | difficult kind of understanding what's |
| 6:16 | · | going on here because over time the |
| 6:19 | · | spaces between the columns are going to |
| 6:21 | · | be filled in and some of them will be |
| 6:24 | · | decorated then this church is abandoned |
| 6:27 | · | and then you have a whole series of |
| 6:28 | · | peers that are in Ed by the excavators |
| 6:30 | · | of the 19th century so this layer |
| 6:33 | · | doesn't collapse it makes for a very |
| 6:36 | · | difficult uh understanding of the entire |
| 6:40 | · | space but what we do have here is a |
| 6:42 | · | series of 11th century frescos that show |
| 6:45 | · | Miracles associated with |
| 6:48 | · | Clemens and who was Clemens he was the |
| 6:53 | · | fourth pope of Rome exiled to the Crea |
| 6:56 | · | he was killed by being thrown into the |
| 6:57 | · | sea with an anchor and that is the |
| 7:00 | · | symbol of his martyrdom and we have a |
| 7:03 | · | number of frescos that show those |
| 7:06 | · | Miracles Associated directly with |
| 7:09 | · | Clemens and what do they date to they |
| 7:12 | · | date to the 11th |
| 7:14 | · | century it's these frescos that can't be |
| 7:17 | · | reused in the church up above when this |
| 7:19 | · | church is abandoned so this is the true |
| 7:22 | · | treasure that we get and we see right |
| 7:24 | · | here a miracle Associated there's the |
| 7:27 | · | anchor It's associated with the miracle |
| 7:30 | · | of Clement and we have the dedicator of |
| 7:33 | · | the 11th century with his children and |
| 7:35 | · | one of his children's name is Clemens |
| 7:39 | · | here we have the returning of The |
| 7:41 | · | Remains the relics of the body of |
| 7:44 | · | Clemens brought by Slavic Saints |
| 7:47 | · | Methodius and cillus into this very |
| 7:50 | · | Church in which we're actually standing |
| 7:53 | · | now this church is abandoned but with |
| 7:55 | · | the excavations you have a modern altar |
| 7:57 | · | so pilgrims can still come and explore |
| 8:00 | · | and even have a |
| 8:02 | · | mass and at the end of this Hall you |
| 8:04 | · | even have the burial site of cillus one |
| 8:09 | · | of the two Slavic Saints who brought the |
| 8:11 | · | remains of Clemens back to Rome in 896 |
| 8:13 | · | and is buried right here so now we're |
| 8:17 | · | looking finally at San Clemente number |
| 8:19 | · | two the church that still stands on top |
| · | The 12C church that stands today |
| 8:22 | · | of the original construction and the |
| 8:25 | · | reason is that church was falling apart |
| 8:28 | · | and that church is attributed also to |
| 8:31 | · | possibly being destroyed by the Norman |
| 8:33 | · | Sac of |
| 8:34 | · | 1084 this is the new version and it's |
| 8:38 | · | constructed over the truncated earlier |
| 8:41 | · | church we have this wonderful Portico |
| 8:43 | · | with spoliated columns and we have this |
| 8:46 | · | facade of the 18th century walking |
| 8:49 | · | inside we're looking at a |
| 8:52 | · | magnificent medieval church and what we |
| 8:55 | · | see here is beautiful apps of the 12th |
| 9:00 | · | century and a cosmatesque floor again |
| 9:03 | · | with spoliated pieces of ancient marble |
| 9:06 | · | and poery what's brought up from the |
| 9:08 | · | earlier church is the skola cantorum |
| 9:11 | · | this parapet wall made of marble it |
| 9:13 | · | dates to the sixth |
| 9:15 | · | century and it's now located in the |
| 9:18 | · | second version of San Clemente always |
| 9:22 | · | keeping in mind that the earlier s |
| 9:24 | · | Clemente church was actually larger |
| 9:27 | · | taller than this very Church |
| 9:30 | · | look at those frescos look at this |
| 9:32 | · | gorgeous Mosaic dating to the 12th |
| 9:35 | · | century and it's telling that story of |
| 9:39 | · | Jesus whose blood drips down and then |
| 9:41 | · | forms this wonderful acanthus plant in |
| 9:45 | · | inspired by the acanthus plants of the |
| 9:48 | · | Corinthian order of pagan Rome of course |
| 9:50 | · | eventually you get this Baroque ceiling |
| 9:53 | · | gilded we have a fresco cycle detailing |
| 9:57 | · | the martyrdom of Cl lemons so you're |
| 10:00 | · | getting many many layers in this |
| 10:02 | · | medieval church but it truly is a |
| 10:06 | · | stunning |
| 10:07 | · | experience to witness the culmination of |
| 10:09 | · | the decoration of the second Church of s |
| 10:12 | · | Clemente keeping in mind What Lies |
| 10:15 | · | Beneath that church of the fifth century |
| 10:18 | · | and that in turn on top of a house in a |
| 10:21 | · | warehouse going back to the end of the 1 |
| 10:23 | · | Century a what an extraordinary site you |
| 10:27 | · | must visit thanks for watching watching |
| 10:30 | · | Please |
| 10:31 | · | Subscribe ask me questions tell me what |
| 10:33 | · | you want to see next let's explore Rome |
| 10:36 | · | and empire together |
