Posted on 05/23/2023 1:42:17 PM PDT by ransomnote
Click to read the original PDF here: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12040
The following version of the PDF has been converted electronically, so some of the formatting has changed.
Updated February 27, 2023
U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
The United States has been a leading provider of security assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its renewed and expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through February 27, 2023, the United States has committed about $34 billion in security assistance “to help Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its borders, and improve interoperability with NATO.” Of this amount, the Biden Administration has committed more than $31.7 billion in security assistance since the start of the 2022 war.
FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages are mostly being funded via $48.7 billion in supplemental appropriations. This amount includes $25.93 billion to replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority; $18 billion for DOD’s Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI; P.L. 114-92, §1250); and $4.73 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for Ukraine and “countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine.” Supplemental appropriations also include funds for U.S.
European Command operations and related support for the U.S. military. For more, see CRS Insight IN12107, Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: A Summary.
Overview of Programs Since 2014
The United States has used a variety of security assistance programs and authorities to help build the defensive capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending accounts.
Especially since 2021, the United States has been providing defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S. stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in response to an “unforeseen emergency” (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has authorized 32 drawdowns valued at $19.2 billion (Table 1).
USAI and FMF packages have included training, equipment, and advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine’s defensive capabilities (see Table 2). FY2022 appropriations also directed that USAI funds be provided for logistics support, supplies, and services; salaries and stipends; sustainment; weapons replacement; and intelligence support.
Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD’s security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building
(10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military Education and Training, which has provided professional military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded security assistance has supported conventional weapons destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities.Table 1. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine, FY2021-FY2023
(in millions of dollars)
#
Authorized
Value
#
Authorized
Value
1
Aug. 27, 2021
60.0
17
Aug. 1, 2022
550.0
2
Dec. 28, 2021
200.0
18
Aug. 8, 2022
1,000.0
3
Feb. 25, 2022
350.0
19
Aug. 19, 2022
775.0
4
Mar. 12, 2022
200.0
20
Sept. 8, 2022
675.0
5
Mar. 16, 2022
800.0
21
Sept. 15, 2022
600.0
6
Apr. 5, 2022
100.0
22
Oct. 4, 2022
625.0
7
Apr. 13, 2022
800.0
23
Oct. 14, 2022
725.0
8
Apr. 21, 2022
800.0
24
Oct. 28, 2022
275.0
9
May 6, 2022
150.0
25
Nov. 10, 2022
400.0
10
May 19, 2022
100.0
26
Nov. 23, 2022
400.0
11
June 1, 2022
700.0
27
Dec. 9, 2022
275.0
12
June 15, 2022
350.0
28
Dec. 21, 2022
1,000.0
13
June 23, 2022
450.0
29
Jan. 6, 2023
2,850.0
14
July 1, 2022
50.0
30
Jan. 19, 2023
2,500.0
15
July 8, 2022
400.0
31
Feb. 3, 2023
425.0
16
July 22, 2022
175.0
32
Feb. 20, 2023
460.0
Total
19,220.0
Sources: Department of State and Department of Defense press releases through February 27, 2023.
Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine, established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard, together with military trainers from U.S. allies, provided training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF before the war. This training mission was suspended at the outset of Russia’s invasion. In April 2022, DOD announced it would resume training Ukrainian personnel, outside Ukraine, both to operate weapon systems and at the collective unit level. Separately, U.S. Special Operations Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces.
Provision of Defense Equipment
After Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security assistance, including body armor, helmets, vehicles, night and thermal vision devices, heavy engineering equipment, advanced radios, patrol boats, rations, tents, counter-mortar radars, uniforms, medical kits, and other related items. In 2017, the Trump Administration announced U.S. readiness to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine.
According to DOD, USAI packages prior to FY2022 provided sniper rifles, rocket-propelled grenade launchers, counter-artillery radars, Mark VI patrol boats, electronic warfare detection and secure communications, satellite imagery and analysis capability, counter-unmanned aerial systems (UAS), air surveillance systems, night vision devices, and equipment to support military medical treatment and combat evacuation procedures.
https://crsreports.congress.gov
U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
Table 2. Selected U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine, FY2016-FY2023
(selected account allocations, in millions of dollars)
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19
FY20
FY21
FY22
FY23
Foreign Military Financing (FMF)
85.0
99.0
95.0
115.0
115.0
115.0
1,547.0 (obl.)a
—
Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI)
226.5
148.6
195.5
214.8
256.7
275.7
6,300.0 (obl.)
5,000.0 (obl.) out of 12,300.0 (appr.)
Sources: State Department congressional budget justifications, Department of Defense budget requests, P.L. 117-103, P.L. 117-128, P.L. 117180, P.L. 117-328. Table data valid through February 27, 2023.
- FMF assistance from FY2022 Ukraine supplemental appropriations also has been provided to other European allies and partners.
Since 2018, Ukraine also has used FMF, as well as some of its national funds, to procure U.S. defense equipment, including Javelin anti-armor missiles and Mark VI patrol boats purchased through the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) system. Ukraine also has used a combination of FMF and national funds to refurbish former U.S. Coast Guard Islandclass patrol boats provided through the Excess Defense Articles (EDA; 22 U.S.C. §2321j) program. In addition, Ukraine has purchased firearms; ammunition; ordnance; and other laser, imaging, or guidance equipment directly from U.S. suppliers via Direct Commercial Sales.
Since 2022, the United States has provided more advanced defense equipment to Ukraine, as well as greater amounts of previously provided equipment. According to DOD, U.S. security assistance committed to Ukraine as of February 27, 2023, has included the following:
- 38 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) and ammunition;
- 8 National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile Systems (NASAMS); 1 Patriot air defense battery; and other air defense systems;
- 31 M1 Abrams tanks, 45 T-72B tanks and 109 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles;
- 300 M113 and 90 Stryker Armored Personnel Carriers;
- 1,600+ Stinger anti-aircraft systems;
- 8,500+ Javelin anti-armor systems and 54,000+ other anti-armor systems;
- 1,800+ Phoenix Ghost Tactical UAS, 700+ Switchblade Tactical UAS, and other UAS;
- 160 155 mm and 72 105 mm Howitzers and artillery;
- 30 120 mm mortar systems;
- Remote Anti-Armor Mine (RAAM) Systems;
- 2,500+ Tube-Launched, Optically-Tracked, WireGuided (TOW) missiles, high-speed anti-radiation missiles (HARMs), and laser-guided rocket systems;
- 13,000+ grenade launchers and small arms;
- communications, radar, and intelligence equipment; and training, maintenance, and sustainment.
In addition, the Biden Administration has authorized thirdparty transfers of U.S. defense articles and equipment from several NATO and EU members to Ukraine. NATO and EU members and other allies state they have committed about $17 billion in security assistance to Ukraine (and some countries do not fully disclose such assistance).
Recent Legislation
Prior to and immediately following Russia’s renewed invasion of Ukraine, Congress authorized or proposed increased funding levels for existing security assistance authorities. Congress increased the PDA funding cap (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)) from $100 million up to $11 billion for FY2022 via P.L. 117-128 and up to $14.5 billion for FY2023 via P.L. 117-328.
P.L. 117-328 continues provisions from P.L. 117-128 that require the Secretaries of State and Defense to report on measures taken to account for the end-use of U.S. weapons transferred to Ukraine. The act also continues a requirement for monthly descriptions of U.S. security assistance provided to Ukraine since February 24, 2022, including a comprehensive list of provided defense articles and services, as well as associated authorities and funding.
In addition, P.L. 117-328 appropriated $6 million for the DOD Inspector General to carry out reviews of DOD activities to execute funds in the bill. Additionally, the Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-118) provides means to bypass bureaucratic barriers for leasing or lending U.S. defense articles to Ukraine.
Discussion on Future Assistance
U.S. policy increasingly has recognized the UAF’s ability to employ and operate advanced weaponry, including systems capable of supporting offensive operations to liberate Ukrainian territory. Much of U.S. assistance has been focused on providing capabilities that Ukraine’s domestic defense industry cannot produce, as well as those that can be immediately deployed on the battlefield to increase the UAF’s resilience and ability to sustain offensive combat operations. In addition to advanced rocket and missile systems, these include protected mobility assets (such as armored vehicles), artillery and ammunition, communication, and intelligence support.
Ukrainian officials have sought to acquire other advanced systems, including more Western battle tanks, fighter aircraft, long-range missiles, and additional air defense capabilities. Increasingly, the provision of security assistance to Ukraine also is focused on improving the UAF’s medium- to long-term capabilities, including transitioning towards more NATO-standard weaponry and improving the UAF’s ability to service and repair defense equipment provided.
Concerns remain about the potential for escalation as well as the ability of the U.S. defense industrial base to supply growing demands. In June 2022, the Biden Administration first announced the provision to Ukraine of more advanced HIMARS systems but without their longest-range rockets. The Administration reportedly received Ukrainian assurances that the UAF will not use these weapons to attack Russian territory.
Christina L. Arabia, Analyst in Security Assistance, Security Cooperation and the Global Arms Trade
Andrew S. Bowen, Analyst in Russian and European
Affairs
Cory Welt, Specialist in Russian and European Affairs
https://crsreports.congress.gov
U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
IF12040
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the
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https://crsreports.congress.gov | IF12040 · VERSION 23 · UPDATED
I think you mean “know-nothings,” Ukie. (C’mon. If insults are all you can do, at least do it *right.* 😏)
Dude, you did not see the excerpt of Pentagon documentation funding the labs in the Ukraine?????
if insults are all you can do
But then you go even dumber than my typo by embracing pure hypocrisy with zero awareness lol.
Nah. I just laughed at your outrageous prediction and now you’re overreacting, spitting insults and having a tantrum like the Ukie yipyappers tend to do so easily. Nothing new under the sun.
I really don’t care about the war of corruption and graft but Ukraine is a dead country now. No way will anyone come back. The people left that are male are being kidnapped and fed into a meat grinder. Any patriotic males are either dead or are fighting still. The country will not ever recover.
Use your little retard brain and think about the logic of your statements here and what you're hoping to prove by them:
USA giving funds across the world to biolabs, including Ukraine (and Russia, and China), all marked towards boosting security and safety, and none of which funding gave the USA any control over those labs.
Does this then lead to the conclusion: "PROOF THE USA WAS CREATING BIOWEAPONS IN UKRAINE!"
Think it through. I know your brain doesn't work very well. But try.
None of the predictions or promises by the Putinists have ever materialized. Ukraine not destroyed in 3 days, or 3 weeks. Ukraine and Europe did not freeze to death. No "cauldron" of 50,000 or more Ukrainians about to be slaughtered. No "air supremacy" by Ivan. No "we already defeated the Kherson offensive!" (shortly followed by Kherson falling to Ukraine). No massive Russian "winter offensive that will finally spell the end of Ukraine!" (resulted in just a few meat waves by Russian troops leading to their mass slaughter).
Predicting that "Ukraine is dead now" is another one of the false predictions.
No vatnik, you just copied the same mockery as your retarded Russian bots. You're too stupid to stand on your own.
What the lawyers of DC are doing in the Ukraine is sickening. Justice and honor has seen better days... :(
Oooooh, look at you hiss and spit! LOL
You mad? Looks like you might be BIG mad, Boryslav. That’s quite the little temper tantrum.
Yeah, I know what’s next…you’ll call me a “Putin puffer,” or a communist” or some flagrant, stupid lie of that nature. And you wonder why most of us ridicule you.
It’s not your low intellect that we laugh at. It’s your insistence on displaying it so loudly.
It WOULD be a lie if Russia wasn't clearly a member of the international communist bloc. Allies include Cuba, Venezuela, China, North Korea, etc. Even Iran has strong KGB roots.
The Pentagon docs are not the only source of information. Try reading more -move outside the treasonous press that has been trying to destroy Trump for years now. I don’t think you even WANT to know the truth about the Ukraine.
Note: I asked you to use your logic.
You replied instead by just saying "well, durr, durr, there are other sources of information!"
You do not provide those sources or what they say.
Again, I ask you to activate your little retard brain and take a deep breath, think, and compose something that is actually logical for once in your life.
The people funding their party and campaigns wanted this.
Realize, everyone that matters got what they wanted: unions, China trade, big pharma, pipeline got shut down... They even got their war.
You seem pretty defensive. No, I didn’t provide those sources because you’re a troll and there’s nothing you will believe outside the Biden/Zeeper narrative, otherwise you’d lose troll status.
You aren’t even sincere - by calling me ‘retard’ you show that you just want to ridicule to make an example of how you treat those outside ‘the narrative’, in hopes of discouraging anyone else from posting the truth.
Does this then lead to the conclusion: “PROOF THE USA WAS CREATING BIOWEAPONS IN UKRAINE!
Think it through. I know your brain doesn’t work very well. But try.
‐-—————
Yep they do this all the time. Another classic is the crypto currency people donating to rnc and dnc..all legal btw..that morphed into “Taxpayer money being laundered to politicians !”
Or if that wasnt enough, the fact of 14k deaths mostly in 2014, which 10k or so being military on both sides in the donbas becomes “Genocide of Russian Speakers!”
Yeah makes you wonder...
How do YOU know? You've never tried! NONE of you ever have!
I've been at this game since... 2014! Back then, there were only a few Putinists around. I sat there in detail, listening and responding to their arguments, even as they proposed massively stupid s*** like pretending modern Russian tanks could be captured from ancient Ukrainian military depots (back when Russia still denied invading Ukraine in 2014).
Let's face it, you're just afraid of challenge and scrutiny, because you know your position is utterly retarded and indefensible.
That explains 99% of the non-answers and illogic of all the Putinists on this forum. They're just here to spread a narrative, not logically defend it.
Ah and maybe the grandaddy of them all. Biden WANTS a nuclear war. Yeah he has a death wish for himself and his family. If wants nuclear war there is nothing stopping him.
There’s no lie these Putinist goons WON’T believe if it reinforces their delusions.
Approximately one in 3 left fairly quickly for Western Europe mostly women and children. Young men also until Govt prohibited military aged men.
Some left for Crimea and Russian territory. I have no idea on numbers left in Ukraine or the demographics.
The elderly stayed in Ukraine. Young men either volunteered into the military or left or they have been hiding.
Government of Ukraine are drafting men when they find them. Literally grabbing them to be hauled off to be trained quickly. The men are trying to lay low. Older men are also getting drafted into the military similarly as described above.
Anyway, if the young women don’t come back, the population will crash. If the husbands/brothers/sons are killed the younger women and kids will not come back. I am not sure Ukraine will have the population to survive as a country when the war ends. Demographics are now a major issue if there will be a country tomorrow when tomorrow comes.
Quit calling people names, being rude, and using foul language to everyone who posts. It’s uncalled for. If it’s your home country, go back and fight but do not demand everyone in the US pay for this neighborhood fight that’s not our fight or in our neighborhood.
It is fairly obvious that Ukraine was a major conduit of corruption to our techno/political ruling class. Not everyone who doesn’t want our taxes funneled to Ukraine is pro Russia. It may be as simple as - WE ARE BROKE, CANT PAY OUR OWN BILLS AND ARE TIRED OF BEING IN LAST PLACE ON THE MINDS OF THE RULING DC CLOWNS!
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