Posted on 01/04/2023 7:21:44 PM PST by SunkenCiv
The 19th Legion was founded by Augustus in 41 or 40 BC, first operating in Sicily against a revolt led by Sextus Pompey, the son of Pompey the Great.
Active throughout the Germanic campaigns of Drusus (13–9 BC) and Tiberius (8–5 BC), the 19th legion would eventually be destroyed at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9, resulting in the legion’s eagle being captured and the 19th name stricken from the Roman army listings...
The team analysed the composition of chemical trace elements in Roman artefacts found at modern-day Kalkriese (site of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest), which are mainly made from non-ferrous metals such as bronze and brass.
By applying a mass spectrometer to detect small traces, the researchers are able to determine the difference in the non-ferrous metal composition that differ with each legion. Each legion had their own blacksmiths for repairing and replacing weapons or equipment. This gave their metalworking a distinct chemical signature, as techniques differed in each legion’s camp.
German Mining Museum Bochum researcher, Annika Diekmann, said: "In this way, we can allocate a legion-specific metallurgical fingerprint, for which we know the camp locations at which they were stationed."
According to historical text, the 19th was stationed in Dangstetten in southern Germany, years before the events of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. "We find that the finds from Dangstetten and Kalkriese show significant similarities. The finds that come from legion sites whose legions did not perish in the battle, differ significantly from the finds from Kalkriese", added Diekmann.
(Excerpt) Read more at heritagedaily.com ...
Yup, it's a great development.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminius
[snip] In the aftermath of the battle, Arminius fought retaliatory invasions by the Roman general Germanicus in the battles of Pontes Longi, Idistaviso, and the Angrivarian Wall, and deposed a rival, the Marcomanni king Maroboduus. Germanic nobles, afraid of Arminius’ growing power, assassinated him in 21 AD. [/snip]
Nice try.
Varus, Varus / Give me my three Eagles back! / Lord Augustus tore his bedclothes, / Blankets , sheet and counterpane. / “Varus, Varus, General Varus, / Give my Regiments back again!” —I CLAUDIUS by Robert Graves
I believe the combination penis, and hand with the thumb between the index and middle finger amulet were used as ancient symbols to avert the “Evil Eye” as the first blast of an evil eye would be caught by the design of the amulet. The first blast was the worst.
THE EVIL EYE by Elworthy had a great discussion about it.
Gotta love amulets. :^) A college chum got an amulet from his mother out of state. He’d complained about accidental breaking of things, and the amulet was supposed to avert that.
He broke the amulet.
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