https://www.johnnyseeds.com/growers-library/calculator-planting-dates-fall-harvest-crops.html
The link actually goes to an xslx spreadsheet file. Plug in your first frost date here.
and the dates will change below
Like so
Too late for me for a lot of things unless I use row covering or build hoop houses or both but still time for greens and leaf lettuce. According to the xlsx text, add 2-3 weeks for hoophouse or 4-5 weeks for hoophouse plus row covers.
As has been said, here in the Ctrl MO Ozarks, we can get a frost in Sept or we might not get a frost until next year so planning calculators are a best guess.
Of course different varieties can vary in days to harvest. Baker Creek has 65 day cabbage to 120 day cabbage. I've got some 70 day Early Jersey Wakefield cabbage seeds here and 70 days from today is Oct 23 so I could probably get away with it.
Date calculator. Set a date and add or subtract days to get a calculated date. https://www.timeanddate.com/date/dateadded.html
I have that printed out and ready to go! After I deal with the tomatoes, peppers, (more) green beans, (peaches are all put up), grapes, pears and apples - if I’m still alive - I will plant some fall things, LOL!
I always do lettuces and spinach and will continue to grow them in my (unheated) greenhouse well into the fall.
Click the image and it will open a full size version in a new tab/window.
So here is what I am thinking for my remaing plantings:
Beets: Boro beets take 50 days so they might still be possible to grow. (presoak seed water and fish fertilizer then plant planting.) They might even do better than spring plantings, start in heat, finish in cool. The limiting factor is the declining daily sunlight. If no beets, then beet greens! Boro is a good beet variety. (Will plant tomorrow!)
(https://www.johnnyseeds.com/vegetables/beets/round-beets/boro-f1-beet-seed-3300.html)
Lettuce. Started in jiffy pots, need to pull up last determinate tomatoes to plant! (You could presoak some early ones like red oak leaf and try.
If started tonight, Bossa nova zucchini is 45 days. (Hopefully) Probably only a few zukes and you would need to hand pollinate! I recently put in tomatoes, Burpee long store transplants. Total crap shoot and I knew it. Still who knows! (Graft the suckers to another older tomato?? might work. As you point out, addition of some frost protective garden fabric would help extend the season, especially for kohl crops which handle cold well anyway.
Thanks. Another type: https://vitegreenhouses.com/HarvestDateCalculator.asp