Posted on 08/10/2022 7:55:09 PM PDT by ConservativeMind
Drs. Yuhai Zhao and Walter J Lukiw report a pathway that begins in the gut and ends with a potent pro-inflammatory toxin in brain cells contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They also report a simple way to prevent it.
The researchers found a molecule containing a very potent microbial-generated neurotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) derived from the Gram-negative bacteria Bacteroides fragilis in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract generates a neurotoxin known as BF-LPS.
"LPSs are probably the most potent microbial-derived pro-inflammatory neurotoxic glycolipids known," says Dr. Lukiw. "Laboratories have detected LPS within neurons of the Alzheimer's disease-affected human brain."
The researchers detail the pathway of BF-LPS from the gut to the brain and its mechanisms of action once there. BF-LPS leaks out of the GI tract, crosses the blood brain barrier via the circulatory system, and accesses brain compartments. Then it increases inflammation in brain cells and inhibits neuron-specific neurofilament light (NF-L,) a protein that supports cell integrity. A deficit of this protein leads to progressive neuronal cell atrophy, and ultimately cell death, as is observed in AD-affected neurons. They report dietary fiber can head off the process.
The novel features of this newly described pathological pathway are threefold. The AD-stimulating pathway begins inside of us—in our GI-tract microbiome—and therefore is very "locally sourced" and active throughout our lives. The highly potent neurotoxin BF-LPS is a natural by-product of GI-tract-based microbial metabolism. Bacteroides fragilis abundance in the microbiome, which is the source of the neurotoxin BF-LPS, can be regulated by dietary fiber intake.
"Put another way, dietary-based approaches may be an attractive means to modify the abundance, speciation, and complexity of enterotoxigenic forms of AD-relevant microbes and their potential for the pathological discharge of highly neurotoxic microbial-derived secretions that include BF-LPS and other forms of LPS," Lukiw explains.
(Excerpt) Read more at medicalxpress.com ...
I looked up the reference this study relied upon, and will post the important part, next.
Species of Bacteroides that do not secrete BF-LPS or BFT (fragilysin) are termed ‘nontoxigenic B. fragilis’ while those that do secrete BF-LPS or BFT are called ‘enterotoxigenic’ strains of B. fragilis. The GI-tract microbiome in addition secretes copious quantities Human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome-derived pro-inflammatory neurotoxins from Bacteroides fragilis: Effects of low fiber diets and environmental and lifestyle factorsof bacterial amyloids and small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) of which virtually nothing is known, or if they act independently or together to induce neuro-inflammation and neuropathology. Within the last several years it has been demonstrated that enterotoxigenic strains of B. fragilis (ETBF) proliferate rapidly in the mammalian GI-tract both in the absence of adequate dietary fiber and in the presence of high-fat cholesterol (HF-C) diets. This remarkable species propagation of a GI-tract resident microbe based on dietary fiber intake appears to enhance the intestinal abundance of B. fragilis and hence the potential of this Gram-negative obligate anaerobe to secrete its formidable array neurotoxic exudates. As mentioned previously these primarily include (i) the lipoglycan lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a particularly potent, pro-inflammatory LPS glycolipid subtype (BF-LPS); and (ii) the hydrolytic, extracellular zinc metalloproteinase known as Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT; also known as fragilysin); either alone or together these are respectively amongst the most pro-inflammatory lipoglycans and enterotoxins known. For example, as quantified by the ability to generate the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65) in human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary co-culture, BF-LPS was found to be the most inflammation-supporting factor in a large analytical panel of cytokines and amyloids, either alone or in combination l. The other major B. fragilis-derived, secreted enterotoxin BFT (fragilysin) has long been known to hydrolyze extracellular matrix proteins, and disrupt tight junctions of intestinal cells while also degrading intracellular and cytoskeletal proteins such as actin, myosin and other filamentous proteins. BFT also causes significant oxidative DNA damage, epithelial membrane barrier damage and activation of pathogenic STAT3/Th17 immune responses. Importantly, both BF-LPS and BFT (fragilysin) can leak through the normally protective mucosal barriers of the GI-tract intestinal endothelium to bring about substantial inflammatory pathology in both the systemic circulation and after BBB transit into vulnerable CNS compartments, including the highly vascularized neocortical parenchyma of the brain. Indeed, while Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic bacillus and part of the normal microbiota of the human colon and is generally commensal, this microbe can cause a ‘smoldering’ systemic infection if displaced into the bloodstream or surrounding tissue following disease, trauma or surgery. It is important to note that BF-LPS and BFT together have been detected both in the general circulation in patients exhibiting systemic inflammation, in the brains of amyloid over-expressing transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) murine models and in the blood serum and parenchyma of advanced AD patients.
https://www.oatext.com/human-gastrointestinal-gi-tract-microbiome-derived-pro-inflammatory-neurotoxins-from-bacteroides-fragilis-effects-of-low-fiber-diets-and-environmental-and-lifestyle-factors.php#gsc.tab=0
BTTT
Thanks for the post and ping!
Bkmk
Men over 50 should have 30 grams of fiber. One cup of Oatmeal has 4 grams of fiber. That means you have to eat 7-i/2 cups of oatmeal per day.
For the whole list:
22 High Fiber Foods You Should Eat:
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/22-high-fiber-foods
Avocado: 10 grams fiber in 1 cup
Raspberries: 8 grams fiber in 1 cup
Artichoke: 5.4 grams in 1 cup
Lentils: 13.1 grams in 1 cup cooked lentils
Split peas: 16.3 grams in 1 cup of cooked split peas
Kidney beans: 12.2 grams in 1 cup of cooked beans
Chick peas: 12.5 grams in 1 cup of cooked chickpeas
“Men over 50 should have 30 grams of fiber. One cup of Oatmeal has 4 grams of fiber. That means you have to eat 7-i/2 cups of oatmeal per day.”
You can get your daily 30 grams of fiber from one third cup of sawdust. So save your sawdust. Or buy some at Whole Foods.
Your satire is solid gold! I bet those Balance of Nature folks would make a ton of money making those horse pills filled with sawdust and calling it “Nature’s Fiber.”
Those capsules on TV look like they’re just filled with lawn clippings.
Pass the Meta-mucil, please.
In many past times and places, bread has in fact been extended with sawdust. Being cheaper than wheat flour.
Why did bakers add sawdust to bread in the 19th century?
https://www.quora.com/Why-did-bakers-add-sawdust-to-bread-in-the-19th-century
Apparently it’s also hard to detect as sawdust shows up in some bread found that’s a thousand plus years old where it was probably being used to fill bellies during hard times. Bleached flour
As I recall another way to prevent alzheimer’s is to take a vitamin b1 tablet daily. I don’t recall the dose.
Are there any others?
I know a low carb diet greatly helps.
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