Understanding and Defending Against Russia's Malign and Subversive Information Efforts in Europe

This research was conducted in the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND Nati ^ | Miriam Matthews, Alyssa Demus, Elina Treyger, Marek N. Posard, Hilary Reininger, Christopher Paul

[UMCRevMom@aol.com]

This research was conducted in the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute.:

As targets of information aggression, the United States and its European allies must protect themselves against the effects of psychological manipulation and influence. The authors describe apparent efforts by Russia and its agents to use information to shape Russia's operating environment, and they identify possible defensive approaches for United States European Command and its partners.

Research Questions:

1- What content is produced and disseminated by Russia and its agents?

2- How do Russia and its agents manipulate information?

3- What is the persuasive impact of Russia's malign or subversive information efforts?

4- What are the potential avenues for defending against Russia's malign or subversive information efforts?

KEY FINDINGS

I. Russia's information activities appear to be deployed in service of diverse political objectives

- Although Russia appears to have abandoned Soviet-era efforts to spread an ideology, it is still interested in popularizing its worldview and raising its esteem in the eyes of international audiences.

II. Russia and its agents may manipulate or completely falsify information as part of efforts to disseminate messages that align with Russian interests

- The information manipulation techniques that Russia and its agents appear to use range from completely manufacturing content to the misuse or misapplication of factual information.

III. The characteristics of Russian information efforts have the potential to influence audiences

- The targeted content that appears to be disseminated by Russia and its agents can affect selected audiences. Diverse audiences might have difficulty deliberately processing the deluge of fabricated and misleading information to which they are exposed, thereby increasing the potential that they will be affected by these efforts.

IV. Possible defense efforts can be conceptualized as addressing three parts of Russian malign or subversive information efforts: production, distribution, and consumption of content

- Current defensive practices that could be used to address Russia's malign or subversive information efforts would seek to reduce the volume of new false and misleading content, prevent the spread of existing false or misleading content, and promote consumer awareness of the information space.

** This report is part of the RAND Corporation Research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity.

[Gaffer]

IMO, you’re posting the wrong information. You should be posting how the DNC, Democrat Party and this Administration and its lackeys do the SAME THINGS.

[UMCRevMom@aol.com]

I understand. But, I can only do so much.

Please help by contributing reports on these criminal issues on FP News/Activism regarding the DNC, Democrat Party and this Administration and its lackeys

[Gaffer]

No more expose reports on them. War. All out.