Posted on 11/23/2021 4:54:01 AM PST by Homer_J_Simpson
Free Republic University, Department of History presents U.S. History, 1861-1865: Seminar and Discussion Forum
The American Civil War, as seen through news reports of the time and later historical accounts
First session: November 21, 2015. Last date to add: May 2025.
Reading: Self-assigned. Recommendations made and welcomed.
Posting history, in reverse order
https://www.freerepublic.com/tag/by:homerjsimpson/index?tab=articles
To add this class to or drop it from your schedule notify Admissions and Records (Attn: Homer_J_Simpson) by reply or freepmail.
Link to previous Harper’s Weekly thread
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/4013111/posts
Gen. Lane and His Army – 1-2
General Hunter, Commanding our Army in Missouri – 1
The Stars and Stripes in South Carolina – 1
Abolitionists at the South – 1, 3
The Lounger – 3-4
Humors of the Day – 4
Domestic Intelligence – 4-5
The First Telegraphic Message from California – 5
Foreign News – 5
Capture of a Rebel Picket near Shreve’s Farm, Virginia – 6, 13
Departure of Troops for Port Tobacco – 6-7
The War in Kentucky – 8-9
Burning of a Military Hospital – 8
The Songs of the War – 10
A Strange Story, by sir E. Bulwer Lytton, Ch. XXXIX – 11-13
View of the Mountain Region (The Seat of War) in Western Virginia, from the Summit of Limestone Mountain – 14
Thurlow Weed, Esq. – 15
The Northern Lights – 16
Love and Duty – 16-17
The Tale He Told the Marines – 17-18
Rebel Batteries on the Potomac (page 742 missing) – 18
Colonel Dougherty, of the Twenty-Second Illinois Regiment (page 741 missing) – 18
Senator James W. Grimes to Commodore Samuel F. Du Pont, November 23, 1861 (Sen. Grimes, of Iowa, is over the moon about DuPont’s achievments.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2014/09/senator-james-w-grimes-to-commodore.html
Diary of Lieutenant-Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes: Saturday November 23, 1861 (Hayes appraises damage done to W. Va. citizens by Union soldiers.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/05/diary-of-lieutenant-colonel-rutherford_2.html
Major Wilder Dwight: Saturday Evening, November 23, 1861 (“General [Alpheus] Williams quite won my affection by saying, “The Massachusetts Second is the best volunteer regiment in the service.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/11/major-wilder-dwight-saturday-evening.html
Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: November 23, 1861 (“J. C. Breckinridge and Humphrey Marshall, of Kentucky, have been here; and both have been made brigadier-generals, and assigned to duty in the West.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/07/diary-of-john-beauchamp-jones-november_47.html
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/4008968/posts#49
Bruce Catton, Terrible Swift Sword
All for the Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes, edited by Robert Hunt Rhodes
With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860-1865, edited by Michael Burlingame
The Diary of George Templeton Strong, Edited by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas
Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, edited by C. Vann Woodward
Brigadier General George G. Meade to Margaretta Sergeant Meade, November 24, 1861 (In to-day’s papers we have Jeff Davis’s1 report to the Confederate Congress.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2013/10/brigadier-general-george-g-meade-to_17.html
Senator James W. Grimes to Elizabeth S. Nealley Grimes, November 24, 1861 (Captain Porter goes out shortly in command of an expedition against New Orleans.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2014/09/senator-james-w-grimes-to-elizabeth-s_10.html
Diary of Lieutenant-Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes: Sunday November 24, 1861 (I Saw a teamster with a spike team (three horses) stalled; got on to his leader and tried to help through; gave it up; took a pair of his socks — he had a load.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/05/diary-of-lieutenant-colonel-rutherford_18.html
Judah P. Benjamin to Brigadier-General William W. Loring, November 24, 1861 (Considering action against the Union force at Romney, VA.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2014/05/judah-p-benjamin-to-brigadier-general.html
Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: November 24, 1861 (“Gen. Lee has been sent to Western Virginia, but it is not an adequate field for him. He should have command of the largest army in the service, for his is one of the most capacious minds we have.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/07/diary-of-john-beauchamp-jones-november_71.html
Today’s posts:
“Terrible Swift Sword,” reply #4
Elisha Hunt Rhodes, #5
John G. Nicolay, #6
George Templeton Strong, #7
Mary B. Chesnut, #8
Links to 5 items at Civil War Notebook, #9
Civil War 1861 Engagements
| Date | Engagement | Military Units | Losses | Victor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 12-14 | Fort Sumter, SC | Confederate artillery (Beauregard), Union garrison (Anderson) | None | CSA |
| April 15 | Evacuation of Fort Sumter, SC | Union garrison | Two Union soldiers killed, four wounded by accidental explosion | N.A. |
| April 19 | Baltimore Riots, MD | MA 6th, PA 26th vs secessionist crowd | 4 Union soldiers killed, 12 civilians killed, hundreds wounded | USA |
| May 10 | St. Louis Riots, MO | Union forces vs secessionist crowd | 4 Union soldiers killed, 3 prisoners, 28 civilians killed | USA |
| May 18-19 | Sewell's Point, VA | Union naval squadron vs Confederate shore artillery | 10 total | inconclusive |
| May 29- June 1 | Aquila Creek, VA | Union naval squadron vs Confederate shore artillery | 10 total | inconclusive |
| June 1 | Fairfax Court House, VA | detachments from CSA & USA armies | 8 on each side, 1 each killed | inconclusive |
| June 1 | Arlington Mills, VA | detachments from USA ( ~200 McDowell) & CSA (~9 Bonham) armies | Union 2-total (1 killed); CSA 1 wounded | inconclusive |
| June 3 | Philippi, WVA | Union Dept of Ohio (McClellan) -3,000, CSA infantry (Porterfield) -800 | Union 4, CSA 26 (killed or wounded) | USA |
| June 10 | Big Bethel, VA | Union (Butler) -3,500, CSA (Magruder) -1,400 | Union 71-total (18-killed); CSA: 10-total (1-killed) | CSA (CSA outnumbered) |
| June 15 | Hooe's Ferry (near Mathias Point) VA | Union schooner Christina Keen; CSA Farmer's Fork Grays | none -- Christina Keen captured and burned | CSA |
| June 17 | Vienna, VA | Detachments from both Union & CSA armies | Union: 12-total (8 killed); CSA: none reported | CSA |
| June 17 | Boonville, MO | Union Western Dept (Lyon) -1,700 vs. MO State Guard (Marmaduke) ~1,500 | Union: 12-total (5-killed); MO Guard 22-total (5-killed) | USA |
| June 18 | Camp Cole, MO | Union Home Guards (~500) vs. Confederate State Guards (~350) | Union: 120-total (35 killed, 60 wounded 25 captured); CSA: 32-total ( 7-K, 25-W) | CSA (CSA outnumbered) |
| June 27 | Matthias' Point, VA | Union gunboats ~50 vs. Confed garrison ~500 | Union: 1-killed, 4-wounded; CSA none | CSA |
| July 2 | Hoke's Run, WVA | Union Army of the Shenandoah (2 brigades, Patterson) -8,000 vs. Confederate Army of the Shenandoah (1 brigade, Stonewall Jackson) - 4,000 | Union: 70-total (3-killed); CSA 23-total ( 9-killed) | USA |
| July 5 | Carthage, MO | Union Department of the West (Sigel) -- 1,000 vs. Confederate Missouri State Guard (Jackson) -- 4,000 | Union: 44-total; CSA 200-total | CSA |
| July 5 | Neosho, MO | Union 3rd Missouri vs. Confederate cavalry | Union: 137-total; CSA zero total | CSA |
| July 8 | Laurel Hill, WVA | Union Dept of Ohio vs. Confederate Army of the Northwest | Union: 8-total; CSA unknown | USA |
| July 11 | Rich Mountain, WVA | Union Department of the Ohio (McClellan & Rosecrans) -7,000 vs. Confederate Army (Pegram & Garnett) -1,300 | Union: 46-total; CSA 300-total | USA |
| July 12 | Barboursville, WVA | Union 2nd Kentucky vs. Confederate rangers & locals | Union: 16-total; CSA 1-total | USA |
| July 13 | Corrick's Ford, WVA | Union Department of the Ohio (McClellan & Rosecrans) -20,000 vs. Confederate Army (Garnett) -4,500 | Union: 53-total; CSA 620-total CSA Gen. Garnett killed | USA |
| July 17 | Scary Creek, WVA | Union Department of the Ohio (Cox) -1,000 vs. Confederate Army of the Kanawha (Wise & George S. Patton) -800 | Union: 51-total; CSA 10-total including Patton wounded | CSA (CSA outnumbered) |
| July 18 | Blackburn's Ford, VA (pre-Manassas) | Union Department of NE Virginia (McDowell, Richardson) -3,000 vs. Confederate Army of VA (Beauregard, Longstreet) -5,100 | Union: 83-total; CSA 70-total | CSA |
| July 21 | Bull Run/Manassas, VA | Union Department of NE Virginia (McDowell, Patterson) -54,000 (18,000 engaged) vs. Confederate Army of VA (Beauregard, Longstreet) -34,000 (18,000 engaged) | Union: 2,708-total (481-killed); CSA 1,897-total (387-killed) | CSA |
| July 22 | Forsyth, MO | Union Department of the West vs. Confederate Missouri State Guard | Union: 3-total ;Confederates: 15-total | USA |
| July 25 | Mesilla, New Mexico | Union Department of the New Mexico (~300) vs. Confederate 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles (~380 +artillery ) | Union: 9-total (2-killed); Confederates: 19-total (13-killed) | CSA |
| July 27 | Fort Fillmore, NM | Union Department of the New Mexico (~500) vs. Confederate 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles (~300) | Union: 500-total (surrendered); Confederates: none | CSA (CSA outnumbered, Union surrendered) |
| Aug 2 | Dug Springs, MO (leadup to Wilson's Creek) | Union Department of the West (~6,000) vs. Confederate Missouri State Guard (~12,000) | Union: 38-total (8 killed ); Confederates:84-total (40 killed) | USA |
| Aug 3 | Curran Post Office, MO (leadup to Wilson's Creek) | Union Department of the West (~6,000) vs. Confederate 1st Arkansas Rifles | Unknown | inconclusive |
| Aug 5 | Athens, MO | Union 21st MO Infantry, Home Guards (~500) vs. Confederate Missouri State Guard (~2,000 + 3-cannons) | Union 23-total (3-killed); Confederate 31-total | USA (USA outnumbered) |
| Aug 7 | CSA burned Hampton, VA | Union (Butler) vs. Confederate Cavalry (Magruder) | Union unknown; Confederates unknown | CSA |
| Aug 8 | skirmish at Lovettsville, VA | Union vs. Confederate | Union unknown; Confederates 6-total | USA |
| Aug 10 | Wilson's Creek, MO | Union Dept of the West (Lyon -5,430)vs. Confederate MO State Guard, Dept 2 (Price -12,120) | Union 1,317-total (285-killed incl Gen. Lyon); Confederates 1.232-total (277-killed) | CSA |
| Aug 10 | Potosi, MO | Union Home Guard (~75 troops) vs. Confederate cavalry (~120 troops) | Union 5-total (1-killed); Confederates 5-total (2-killed) | USA (USA outnumbered) |
| Aug 17 | Palmyra, MO | Union 16th Illinois (entrained) vs. Confederate guerillas | Union 2-total (1-killed); Confederates 5-killed | USA |
| Aug 25 | Mason's Hill, VA | Union (Lowe's observation balloon) vs. Confederate Army NVA (Longstreet, Stuart) | Union unknown; Confederates unknown | USA |
| Aug 26 | Kessler's Cross Lanes, WVA | Union Dept of Ohio (Tyler ~1,000) vs. Confederate infantry (Floyd ~2,000) | Union 73-total (15 killed); Confederates 40-total | CSA |
| Aug 28 | Hatteras Inlet, NC | Union NY 9th & 20th Infantry (Butler -935) plus 7 US Navy ships (including Harriet Lane & Pawnee) vs. Confederate NC 17th Infantry (Barron ~900) | Union 3-total (1 killed); Confederates 715-total (4 killed, 691 captured) | USA |
| Aug 29 | Morse's Mills near Lexington, MO | Union MO Home Guards vs. Confederate cavalry | Union unknown; Confederates unknown | CSA |
| Aug 31 | Munson's Hill, VA | Union Army of the Potomac vs. Confederate Dept of Northern VA | Union 5-total; Confederates unknown | USA |
| Sep 2 | Dry Wood Creek, MO | Union Dept of the West (Lane ~1,200) vs. Confederate MO State Guard (Price ~12,000) | Union 25-total (2 killed); Confederates 14-total (5 killed) | CSA |
| Sep 3 | Bailey's Cross Roads, VA | Union & Confederat detachments | Union 8-total; Confederates none | CSA |
| Sep 10 | Carnifax Ferry, WVA | Union Dept of Ohio (Rosecrans ~5,000) & Confederat Army of Kanawha (Floyd ~2,000) | Union 158-total (17 killed); Confederates 32 total (2?-killed) | USA |
| Sep 11 | Lewinsville, VA (McLean, Fairfax County) | Union 79th NY Highlanders (Stephens ~1,800) & Confederate 1st & 13th VA (JEB Stuart ~400) | Union 12-total (3-killed); Confederates none | CSA (CSA outnumbered) |
| Sep 12-15 | Cheat Mountain, WVA | Union Ohio, Indiana & WVA regiments (Reynolds ~3,000) & Confederate Virginia, Tennessee & Arkansas regiments (RE Lee ~5,000) | Union 88-total (10-killed); Confederates 120-total (~100? -killed) | USA (USA outnumbered) |
| Sep 13-20 | Lexington, MO, 1st battle, aka: "Battle of the Hemp Bales" | Union Illinois 23rd Irish Brigade + 27 & 13th MO Infantry (Mulligan ~3,500) & Confederate Missouri Militia (Price ~15,000) | Union 3,000 surrendered (36-killed); Confederates 150-total (~30-killed) | CSA (Union surrender) |
| Sep 17 | Blue Mills Landing, MO | Union 3rd Iowa & MO Home Guard (Scott ~800) & Confederate 4th Div Missouri Militia (Atchison ~3,500) | Union 99 (19-killed); Confederates 21-total (3-killed) | CSA |
| Sep 19 | Barbourville, KY | Union KY Home Guard (Black ~300) & Confederate Dept 2 (Zollicoffer ~800) | Union 15 (1-killed); Confederates 7-total (7-killed) | CSA |
| Sep 25 | Alamosa, NM | Union Dep of NM (Minks ~100 cavalry)& Confederate cavalry (Coopwood ~112) | Union 33 (4-killed); Confederates 9-total (2-killed) | CSA (Union surrendered) |
| Sep 26 | Hunter's Farm, MO | Union Dep of the West (Steward under Grant ~200 & Confederate MO State Guard (under Thompson ~40) | Union none; Confederates 10-total (10-killed) | USA |
| Sep 27 | Fort Craig, NM | Union Haspel's cavalry ( ~100) & Confederate cavalry | Union 10-total; Confederates 10-total | CSA |
| Sep 27 | Pinos Altos, NM | Union allied Apaches (Cochise ~300) & Confederate Arizona Guards (Mastin ~15 +cannon) | Union Apaches 30-total (10 killed); Confederates 14-total (7-killed, incl. Mastin) | CSA |
| Oct 3 | Greenbrier River, WVA | Union OH, MI, IN Infantry + Light Artillery (Reynolds ~5,000) & Confederate VA, GA & AR Infantry (HR Jackson ~1,800) | Union 43-total (8-killed); Confederates 52-total (6-killed) | Inconclusive |
| Oct 9 | Santa Rosa Isl, FLA | Union Ft Pickens garrison (Brown ~600) & Confederate MS, AL, FL & GA Infantry (Anderson ~1,200) | Union 67-total (14-killed); Confederates 175-total (30-killed) | USA (Union outnumbered) |
| Oct 12 | Head of the Passes, Louisiana | Union Navy Blockading Squadron , (Pope 5-ships) & Confederate "Mosquito Fleet" (Hollins 10 boats & fire rafts) | none 4 ships damaged | CSA (Union surprised routed) |
| Oct 16 | Bolivar Heights, WVA (near Harpers Ferry) | Union Infantry (Banks, Geary ~100) & Confederate Militia, Cavalry (Ashby ~700) | Union 13-total (4-killed), Confederates 10-total (1-killed) | USA (USA outnumbered) |
| Oct 21 | Fredericktown, MO | Union Ill & MO Infantry, IN cavalry (Plummer ~3,500) & Confederate Missouri State Guard (Thompson ~1,500) | Union 67-total (7-killed), Confederates 145-total (25-killed_ | USA (Union defeated Confederate ambush) |
| Oct 21 | Ball's Bluff, VA | Union MA, NY, MI, MN & CA Infantry, RI Artillery (Stone -1,720) & Confederate VA & MS Infantry, VA cavalry & artillery (Evans -1,709) | Union 1,002-total, including Lt. Oliver Wendell Holmes (223-killed including US Senator Edward Baker R-OR)), Confederates 155-total (36-killed) | CSA |
| Oct 21 | Camp Wildcat, KY (near Cumberland Gap) | Union IN & KY Infantry, KY Cavalry (Schoepf ~7,000) & Confederate TN Infantry (Zollicoffer ~5,700) | Union 25-total (5-killed), Confederates 53-total (11-killed) | USA |
| Oct 25 | Springfield, MO | Union: Fremont's scouts (Zagonyi -326) & Confederate MO State Guard (Frazier ~1,500) | Union 85-total (48-killed), Confederates 133-total (unkn-killed) | USA (USA outnumbered) |
| Nov 3-7 | Port Royal, SC | Union: Blockading Squadron (DuPont, TW Sherman -12,653 77 vessels) & Confederate SC Dept (RE Lee, Frazier -3,077 4 gunboats) | Union 31-total (8-killed), Confederates 63-total (11-killed) | USA |
| Nov 8-9 | Big Sandy-ivy Mountain, KY | Union: Dept of Ohio (Nelson ~5.500) & Confederate 5th Kentucky (Williams, ~1,010) | Union 62-total (12-killed), Confederates 235-total (41-killed) | USA |
| Nov 19 | Round Mountain, OK | Union: Creeks & Seminoles (Opothleyahola ~1,700) & Confederate Cavalry (Cooper, ~1,400) | Union 110-total (unkwn-killed), Confederates 10-total (6-killed) | CSA |
| Nov 20 | Skirmish at Brownsville, KY | Union Dept of Cumberland (~115) & Confederate Cavalry (Morgan ~200) | Union 14-total (6-killed), Confederates 1-total (1-killed) | CSA |
And here again is the summary of wins & losses:
Summary of Civil War Engagements as of November 20, 1861:
Engagements in Confederate states:
| State | Union Victories | Confederate Victories | Inconclusive | Total Engagements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Carolina | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Virginia | 3 | 10 | 4 | 17 |
| North Carolina | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Florida | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Louisiana | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total Engagements in CSA | 6 | 12 | 5 | 23 |
Engagements in Union states/territories:
| State | Union Victories | Confederate Victories | Inconclusive | Total Engagements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maryland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| West Virginia | 9 | 2 | 1 | 12 |
| Missouri | 9 | 9 | 1 | 19 |
| New Mexico | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Kentucky | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Oklahoma | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total Engagements in Union | 21 | 19 | 2 | 42 |
| Total Engagements to date | 27 | 31 | 7 | 65 |
Total casualties (by my counts) are around 17,700 including ~2,450 killed.
Excellent. Thank you. Now passed on to my Twitter Civil War crew.
Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, edited by C. Vann Woodward
Commandant Samuel F. DuPont to Gustavus V. Fox, November 25, 1861 (DuPont has some suggestions for the Navy Dept. and please don’t pass them on to the press.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2019/01/commandant-samuel-f-dupont-to-gustavus_15.html
Lieutenant-Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes to Sophia Birchard Hayes, November 25, 1861 (Lt. Col. Hayes and his regiment are comfy in Fayetteville, Va.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/04/lieutenant-colonel-rutherford-b-hayes_14.html
Diary of Private Daniel L. Ambrose: November 25, 1861 (“Colonel Cook left Fort Holt today for Springfield, and in his absence Lieutenant Colonel Babcock commands the post, and Major Rowett the regiment.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2020/04/diary-of-private-daniel-l-ambrose_17.html
Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: November 25, 1861 (“Yesterday Fort Pickens opened fire on our batteries at Pensacola, but without effect. One of their ships was badly crippled.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/07/diary-of-john-beauchamp-jones-november_21.html
Brigadier General George G. Meade to Margaretta Sergeant Meade, November 26, 1861 (Gen. Meade is confident that the Confederates will execute POWs if the Union executes captured privateers.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2013/10/brigadier-general-george-g-meade-to_18.html
Major Wilder Dwight: November 26, 1861 (“There is a hopeless desperation chilling one when engaged in a contest with disease. The unseen malaria has such an advantage in the fight.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/11/major-wilder-dwight-november-26-1861.html
Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: November 26, 1861 (“The enemy occupy Tybee Island, and threaten Savannah.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/07/diary-of-john-beauchamp-jones-november_28.html
Bruce Catton, Terrible Swift Sword
Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings 1859-1865, edited by Don E. Fehrenbacher
The Diary of George Templeton Strong, Edited by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas
Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, edited by C. Vann Woodward
Diary of Edward Bates: November 27, 1861 (The Attorney General writes on several subjects, much of it based on info from Count Adam Gurowski.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2017/09/diary-of-edward-bates-november-27-1861.html
Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant to Jesse Root Grant, November 27, 1861 (“If it is necessary that slavery should fall that the Republic may continue its existence, let slavery go. But that portion of the press that advocates the beginning of such a war now, are as great enemies to their country as if they were open and avowed secessionists.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2013/09/brigadier-general-ulysses-s-grant-to_14.html
Diary of Lieutenant-Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes: Wednesday, November 27, 1861 (Lt. Col. Hayes lists his diary entries since Nov. 13.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/04/diary-of-lieutenant-colonel-rutherford_15.html
Lieutenant-Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes to Lucy Webb Hayes, November 27, 1861 (Hayes warns Mrs. Hayes that a rifle he sent to their son may be loaded.)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/05/lieutenant-colonel-rutherford-b-hayes.html
Diary of John Beauchamp Jones: November 27, 1861 (“Saw President Tyler to-day. He augurs the worst effects from the policy of permitting almost unrestricted intercourse with the enemy’s country in time of war.”)
https://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/2015/07/diary-of-john-beauchamp-jones-november_83.html
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