ULTR Is it possible to induce transmutation using an off-the-shelf affordable ultrasonic cleaner?

And here: https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/6133-mfmp-project-ultr-is-it-possible-to-induce-transmutation-using-an-off-the-shelf/?pageNo=3

Please consider supporting the work of the MFMP by donating here: http://goo.gl/ZEQIsO

1. Overview Experiments using ultrasound in various fluid compositions and using various witness materials to see if potential transmutations seen in other experiments could be replicated at a very simple and affordable level.

2. Context Ultrasound has been shown to cause synthesis of elements in a range of experiments, such as those conducted by Roger Stringham, LeClaire et. al., Tom Claytor, Cardone and Shuhas Ralkar.

During 2019, MFMP volunteers Bob Greenyer and Dr. George Egely visited Japan to test the Ohmasa vibration system and “Ohmasa Gas” as part of “Project OHMA”. It was suspected that a vibration system, claimed to be able to transmute matter with oscillations around 179Hz, was in fact producing ultrasonics and that this in turn was causing cavitation bubbles that may have been acting at least in part to explain the claimed transmutations.

MFMP Volunteer Bob Greenyer had brought some Indium foil as a witness material on the assumption that cavitation was taking place and that Indium foil would be highly suseptable to it. Upon expoure to the vibrations system for 10 mins the 0.3mm Indium foil became stiff and highly marked and on closer inspection revealed strong signs of morphological and spacial transmutations.

3. Why was Indium chosen initially? 3.1. From our experience in 2012 (Borosilicate glass in Celani Cells), understanding of Piantelli’s use of Macor from Jan 2015 (Contains Boron) and Pakhomov’s 400MJ reactor (said to contain Boron in core), we already knew Boron was very important (at ICCF22, David Nagal talked of using Boron / Pd composite) 3.2. Shiskin’s team, after 9 years of research, has shown that Boron 10, the isotope of Boron that can absorb neutrons, can be used to detect ‘String Vortex Solitons’ (SVS), an EVO form that is suspected to be at least partially made of condensed low energy neutrinos. SVS may be black / dark EVOs as they exhibit the behaviour of moving through even metals and carrying ions with them 3.3. Boron 10 has a thermal neutron absorber cross section of 200, but is only 19.6% of natural boron. 3.4. Indium 115, which is 95.72% of Indium, has thermal neutron absorber cross section of 100 3.5. A free neutron decays with a life of 15m into to a Proton, Electron and an anti-neutrino 3.6. Some consider a neutrino to be a Majorana particle, that is, it is it’s own anti-particle and it can change between the two 3.7. If so, then SVS is not only going to be stopped in the 115In, but it will deliver low energy neutrinos that will stimulate the normally 30,000 x length of universe half-life of 115In causing the release of electrons. 3.8. Electrons will feed the Black EVO, re-exciting it into a white EVO state. 3.9. This will cause the EVO to start eating Indium atoms 3.10. It was thought that Indium atoms, being large, would be torn apart into rock forming or common crust abundance elements inside an a free EVO which was not too heavily driven 3.11. Massive energy release would result 3.12. Indium was chosen because it very soft, the thinking being that any effect would be recorded in large detail because there would be little physical resistance to either the EVO, gas production or kinetics 3.13. Indium was chosen also because it has fair conductivity 3.14. Indium was also chosen because it is a solid at room temperature but has a very low melting point of 156.6ºC 3.15. Indium was chosen because it is resistant to oxidation (burning) or forming nitrides, in fact it is the softest metal that is not an alkali metal and alkali metals like to oxidate or form nitrides in air really easily, this was key to my choosing it as a witness material 3.16. Indium is in the same group as Aluminium, and knowing how Al is so massively affected in Hutchison effect (and also Ohsawa, and potentially a LENR fuel as two 27Al fuse to 54Fe) there was an expectation that there could be a range of other factors that could make it highly susceptible under the influence of EVOs. Incidentally, this is a video showing how Al is affected by an Ultrasonic bath. 4. How did the simple experiment come about? During testing of samples from Project Ohma, Alan Goldwater suggested that one of the ‘before’ Indium samples was cleaned in the ultrasonic cleaner he normally uses to clean the parts for his SEM. When examined, the sample show surprising marks and potential signs of elemental changes.

5.1 Ultrasonic source The inexpensive 35W device used was a 120V 60Hz input VIVREAL home ultrasonic cleaner designed for cleaning dentures and jewelry at home. Purchased for $39.95 with free delivery. A video of the device is here:

https://youtu.be/luK-YILpC9o The link it was purchased from is here | A similar device is here

It was claimed by the vendor to be operating at 43kHz, here is the specific comments made on the advertised product:

Why is VIVREAL Ultrasonic Cleaning so Efficient and Effective? At the heart of VIVREAL Ultrasonic Cleaning is the bubble; actually, lots of bubbles. These bubbles are created by sound waves as those waves move through water. This is known as Cavitation which is simply the formation of bubbles (cavities) in water. If you’ve ever seen the foam left in water by a spinning boat propeller, then you’ve seen cavitation in action

When cavitation happens near a dirty object, the vacuum action produced by those millions of bubbles constantly imploding creates a tiny pressure wave that reaches deep into every nook and cranny of even the most delicate items. This tiny pressure wave dislodges and breaks up the dirt and other contaminants and gently lifts it away. The result is very fast and effective cleaning 5.1.1 Look inside a similar product A similar device to the one we used was bought by a person making a replication attempt in the Netherlands. He noticed it had different power levels. It is an AEG USR 5659 50W, he took it apart and shared the images.

Noticing the differences, he went ahead and purchased what he believes is the same unit we used, and also took that apart.

A big thankyou to him for getting these devices, tearing them apart and agreeing to us sharing his pictures.

5.1.2 Frequency analysis Alan Goldwater did a frequency analysis of the VIVREAL unit that he has and found it closer to 48kHz than the quoted 42/43kHz

“These measurements are of the strong RF field (15 mW/cm2) just above the cover, detected with a 10 cm loop probe on my scope. The waveform is ~9 msec bursts of 46 kHz sine wave, superficially similar to the superwave of Dardik.” - Alan Goldwater

Another Vivreal unit was tested for frequency response to depth The 384kHz files can be downloaded from here for analysis

Here is some frequency analysis in Adobe Audition presented as Gif animation of the frequency response at various depths, note: red line indicates the marked frequency of transducer in the device.

5.2 Witness material The supplier of the Indium foil claims it 99.995% 63.5x50.8x0.3mm thick (2.5x2.0x0.012inch) and it can be sourced from here.

5.3 Additives Micro-90 cleaning fluid was added to deionized water, this fluid contain 4Na EDTA, which is a mildly alkaline solution designed to capture dirt and contamination and allow it to be washed away with deionized water.

6. Experiment profile The sample was placed in a mix of deionised water and Micro-90 cleaning fluid for 3 mins. After exposure the sample was washed in deionised water, dried and placed on a Tedpella SEM sample holder using carbon tape for analysis.

7. Analysis When placed on the SEM, it was immediately obvious that something more had happened than simply a little surface cleaning - there were large craters in the surface.

Upon closer inspection it was obvious that there were other elements present in locations that appeared to have some relationship to the craters.

Moreover, there appeared to be areas where these elements smoothly blended into the Indium as if it had grown out of it.

In the above data, it can be seen that carbon (C) and lead (Pb) appear to follow each other broadly, but with the Pb being at an order of magnitude lower counts. Aluminium (Al) appears to creep up before spiking right as silicon, carbon and sodium falls.

Other observed elements in spots and areas in the first serendipitous event can be found here.

8. Replication attempt 001 [Alan Goldwater] This was with 0.3mm In foil, DI water and Micro-90 cleaning fluid but for 4 minutes (not 3)

Potential fission products from Indium with electron processes is as follows, the E1 is the 1st order only, if not off-gassed and still in play, E1 and E2 elements may fission, fusion or take part in nucleon exchange reactions in subsequent steps. Note Argon, Krypton and Neon are all predicted to be produced. The query used at this link was

However Oxygen, Silicon and Aluminium are the first, second and third most abundant elements in the Earths crust, the isotopes of Si are the rare ones and production of O is not very energetically favourable. Calcium, Sodium and Magnesium are the 5th, 6th and 7th, however, again, the isotopes of Calcium and Magnesium are rarer, but Ca has such a very high yield. The production of Na would yield Sr* which is not expected to happen, so the Sr* would need to fission further. As a first pass, it would appear that there would be 27Al with 86Kr formed and Ca with either Cu or Zn. Aluminium would appear to be, according the the crustal record, likely to form and is still highly energetic. Were Si, Ca, Mg, Ti to form, they would all be rarer isotopes.

The predicted data would suggest the use of an RGA or gas spectrometer would be valuable.

Table 01: Indium fission reactions predicted by the MFMP Parkhomov reaction calculator Expectation of high levels of Carbon synthesis due to more than a decade of experimental evidence from Japanese nuclear researcher Taka-aki Matsumoto

Matsumoto, an experienced nuclear scientist concludes in 2001 that he was observing EVO like structures that could be hundreds of micro-meters that involved large atomic clusters which collapsed into "conventional elements, mainly carbon, not dependent on collapsed materials”

In pages 108-109 of FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 40 JULY 2001, Taka-aki Matsumoto from Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan reveals some important aspects of his near 13 year exploration of LENR

"I have to apologize to readers for an insufficient assignment made in Ref. 5 that quad neutrons collapsed. It was made clear by later experiments that [the] clusters that collapsed were atomic clusters that could have a diameter of hundreds of micro-metres and involve much more nuclei.3 Very amazingly, it was also found later that the ring products consisted of conventional elements, mainly carbon, not dependent on collapsed materials.3 This process was called nuclear regeneration. Furthermore, white, wispy markings between my ring traces were remains of interconnected electrons, which were more obviously shown in Fig. 3 of Ref. 6. Those electrons formed networks like mesh and played an important role in causing curious phenomena like ball lightning during Cold Fusion-related experiments.

I would agree with [Ed] Lewis's idea that the ring craters and markings like brush discharges obtained by Nardi et al. [+ Winston Bostick] resembled well the ring products and white, wispy markings during my Cold Fusion experiments, respectively. But it would be much more important for science not only to observe surfacial phenomena but also to understand the physics involved there. An element analysis would easily resolve the problem. If nuclear collapse were involved in the experiment of Nardi et al., a large quantity of a carbon element should have been found in the ring craters. Lastly, I would like to point out that itonic clusters were different from plasmoids. First, the model of plasmoids could not explain the feasibility of nuclear reactions, especially nuclear collapse, because of their weak bonding force. Second, itonic clusters could be generated not only in a plasma but also in other wide fields. For example, during a high-pressure compression or a thermal heating, outer orbital electrons of atoms involved in materials could be easily interconnected. I will publish many beautiful pictures elsewhere that show meshlike structures of interconnected electrons formed in natural phenomena."

Some areas are possibly in shadow from the electron beam and so do not appear on the map as any element. The aluminium ‘detected’ on the edge is likely reflection from the Tedpella SEM support stub. It does appear that the channel has Carbon and Sodium in it.

One possible explanation is that there is a structure growing as it travels along the surface until it meets the edge, churning the indium and depositing Carbon and Sodium as it goes, in a way it looks a little like the synthesised sulfur rich “snowballs” on the 10 Yen coin exposed to Ohmasa Gas.

One should be aware that when looking at element map images, areas that appear dark in all maps are most likely areas that have no exposure to the electron beam because they are a crack, hole or otherwise in ‘shadow’. If it is physically not in shadow, then it could be that the user did not select the element for mapping that was in that position.

Conversely, if an element is selected that is nowhere in anything like meaningful amounts then, depending on the actual settings of the mapping it may wrongly appear as if there are diffuse amounts over the whole surface.

It is therefore helpful to have spot or area maps with quantification of element percentages to use as a cross reference for the actual presence of an element in a sample.

In replication attempt 01, Alan Goldwater had the Micro-90 cleaning fluid present which contains Na. Every sample point in the ‘churned’ area in the image above contains Na. LENR systems have been shown to produce sulphur from fusion of Oxygen pairs, and this is also predicted in Table 01 as a direct fission product but the rare 33S (0.76 of natural Sulfur). Al is seen in every sample point and area and is both predicted and the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. The end blob is predominantly Carbon which is in line with the findings of Matsumoto.

Again Na is present in every sample point, but at this end of the channel, Al is in high concentration. It must be noted that Al has a very significantly higher melting point than Indium, but Aluminium Carbide Al4C3 has a meting point of 2470ºK

Spots 1239 & 1240 show very high concentration of Indium atoms, which by weight/nucleons would be the bulk of the material mass at these points. Spot 1241 shows an approximate doubling of the carbon content which supports Matsumoto’s findings as the Indium concentration collapses tenfold, though still very positive and still a fair proportion of the mass. Also we see high ratios of Cu and Zn.

Spot 1242 has an even higher concentration of carbon, alongside Mg, Al, Si, and O which are all 1st tier reaction outcomes. O and C are in the water and Micro-90. Fe can be synthesised in a number of ways including fusion of 2 x (12C + 16O) > 56Fe + 4He [Bockris & Sundaresan] or 2 x (C + N) > 54Fe [Ohsawa] or 2x 27Al > 54Fe.

Since a spot can be a hit and miss approach to broader composition and spatial relationships between potentially synthesised elements, a closer inspection of this area was conducted.

The following gif animation is a partially computer zoomed (until a higher resolution SEM is available) composite of the area around spot 1241 with overlaid low resolution/samples element mapping showing clear demarcation between In, Ca, Zn and Cu. The Cu appears to be growing fern-like on the mainly Zn base material.

According to Table 1, four of the top five net positive Indium fission reactions lead to a rare isotope of Ca and either Cu or Zn with Zn occupying 3 of these, the pattern observed in the data is supportive of a process that produces Ca and favours Zn heavily. For example, the second most likely reaction is with In155, which is 95.72% of natural Indium, this leads to Ca48 (0.18% of natural) and Zn67 (4.11% of natural), therefore the most abundant Indium isotope by far leads preferentially to an isotope of Zn. Examination of the Ca and Zn by TOF-MS should easily confirm if this was contamination or nuclear synthesis if these two rare isotopes were in high abundance.

Alan Goldwater noticed that there are parts of the samples of these tests that are highly pure Ca which is unusual as Ca is reactive and is often found in nature as a compound.

One should note here the melting points of these various elements and other properties (some are given), since we may not be dealing with something that is traditional melting but more related to how free the electrons are in the metal lattice and how willing they are to accept electron-like structures.

Element Electron Affinity (kJ/mol) Conductivity (MS/m) Melting point (ºK) Cu 118.4 59 1357.77 Ca 2.37 29 1115.00 Zn 0 17 692.68 In 28.9 12 429.75

Using the calculator here with this query: E2 = 'In' and E3 = 'Fe' and E4 = 'Kr' order by MeV desc

Table 02: Interactions between Mg, Al, Si and In leading to Fe and Kr All isotopes of Mg, Al, Si, Fe and In play a role, only 78Kr does not feature, however, this is by far the rarest isotope of Kr at just 0.35% of natural Kr.

These spherules appear to be in square or otherwise polygonal holes almost like something has popped off the top. Of course, it is still possible they were inclusions in the raw material.

Are the ‘bubble like blown out areas’ due to fission/nucleon exchange of Indium atoms resulting in large scale production of gas?

When looking at tables 01 and 02, we could conclude that In → Al or Si + Kr (2 x In) → Fe + (2 x Kr)

Given that Fe is the 4th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust (after O, Si and Al) and is one of the most commonly observed synthesised elements in LENR, this should be a likely outcome. In which case, it makes sense that these reactions may be the cause of ‘bubbles’ blown into the indium foil. The question is, is there signs of these primary and secondary products in the area of the blown out areas?

Selected areas which were not too ‘mashed up’ were digitally blown up 2.5x from the SEM in the above composit image. In the centre or centre of the deepest area, there are spots containing significantly lighter elements as indicated by the darker grey.

The centre of the bottom left feature was examined. High concentrations of Al were found, however, this may not be reliable, since the areas were far inside a hole in the material. Another examination on a different SEM support (not Al) would increase confidence in the observation. However, if valid, from Table 1, fission of ln would yield Al and 86Kr which is the second most isotope.

In the above sample, it would appear that there is a ‘churned’ area similar to the one previously discussed, it might also be that the teardrop shaped object laying on top of the Indium and to the side of the churned area is an ejection from this or a nearby area. Both the flat Indium surface and the teardrop are predominantly Indium with some carbon and oxygen in both cases and nitrogen in another. Again it is good to remember that the cleaning product contains Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (formula C10H12N2Na4O8, 4H2O), so all of the elements in these two samples areas were in the starting materials.

The addition of Fluorine in the churned area is an outlier since the concentration would at first appear to be too high to be synthesised from hydrogen interactions with the rarer isotopes of oxygen.

In the case of the two darker fragments on the surface, these are able to be properly exposed by the electron beam however, they could have arrived from somewhere else. That being said, sample 1253 looks almost like a smear on the surface and contains Fe whilst sample 1252 reveals a speck that is low in Indium but high in O, Al and Si.

Table 03: Fusion of Al and the two rarer isotopes of Si (both possible Indium fission products from Table 01) to isotopes of Fe

This particle is clearly defined by looking at its Al and Si map. Perhaps it is a ceramic fragment. If however under TOF-SIMS it showed only 29Si / 30Si, then it would be strong evidence that the Si had come from Indium fission.

In this set of samples, it cannot be excluded that there could be some Al interference from the SEM sample stub and so repeat sampling will need to be done with say a copper stub.

In this test, there was no 4Na EDTA added to the deionised water and the cycle time was just 3 mins as per the original accidental experiment. Again you can see ‘blown’ areas and even a large puffed up peace that almost looks like a piece of popcorn stuck to the surface.

On inspection, this test immediately showed the kind of bubble growth forms on the indium and an interesting calcium rich deposit on the surface. It must be noted that Lu et. al. checked their millipore ultrapure water for Ca and it had some in the parts per billion range, Calcium is the 5th most abundant element on Earth and so even if it is not in the DI water, it may be on the Indium to begin with and we know it is in the ores from which Indium is refined. Lastly, there appears to be particles that do not have ‘blown out’ areas around them and it is likely these are contamination of the raw Indium material.

Notice the apparently high concentration of Ca in the crystal like particle located to the upper right of the predominantly Carbon particle.

The particle does look a little like a Calcium Carbonate crystal (CaCO3) however, none of the sample spots or area ratios match the atomic formula. If one ignores the variable Indium content and looks for potential compounds of Ca+C+O on Ptable, there is nothing that fits the observed data.

Sodium Not present in ores Not present in reagents No Cl found so not common salt Is a single fermionic nucleus According to Table 01 it is a primary fission product of Indium Co-synthesised Sr* would be expected to transmute further as unstable element

9.1 Iron rich inclusions There are a number of inclusions in the sample as shown below. Their location and surrounding Indium morphology are not consistent with them coming from any event during the ultrasonic processing, furthermore;

They are in channels that are flat on the sides rather than ‘blown out’, implying they were in the samples before the Indium was presumably rolled flat into a sheet and there were no events during the processing that modified the surrounding material They contain indium in high atomic concentration, suggesting they are not fragments from the Ultrasonic cleaners steel bowl that have been broken off and later impinged on the indium foil via mechanical action The 1:1 ratio of Fe:C along with the high levels of Oxygen indicate this is Ferrous Carbonate (CFeO3). This is called siderite, this is often found in ores alongside Zinc which called siderite-smithsonite, the latter of which is ZnCO3 and is an important indium ore. No detectable zinc was found however in this sample

It is therefore likely that these particles are slag from the refining process that made the indium. It is useful to note here that indium is one of the rarest elements in the Earths’ crust, according to some estimates, there are only 10 elements rarer.

12. Accounting for impurities and methods to establish if elements are synthesised or not

The source claimed the sample had a 99.995% purity, that is to say it is 0.005% impure, which means there are some impurities! Therefore, we need to identify and analyse what any impurities are. Given that many of the elements observed so far are common rock forming elements (and so are everywhere) and some of them are in the steel of the ultrasonic device, they could well be contaminants. The most interesting spot found to date is the Ca/Cu/Zn one due to the co-location of Ca and predominantly Zn with some Cu which are predicted co-incident fission products of In, moreover the Ca isotopes should all be rare ones. Indium is often extracted from Zinc and Lead ores, with the former typically sphalerite (ZnS), marmatite [(ZnFe)S], smithsonite (ZnCO3) that often contain calcite (CaCO3), dolomite [CaMg(CO₃)₂], and quartz (SiO₂). This means we may have contamination of: C, O, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Fe, Zn, Pb

Also, due to the low melting point of Indium, it is possible that the raw material was processed in an Al pan. There does not however appear to be any Na or Cu in the ores. It is therefore important to first note potentially important structures and then look for any predicted non-natural isotopic ratios with a technique like TOF SIMS. However, this is expensive and also requires one to track where a feature is on a sample and to keep the sample clean and free from physical contact or deformation when transferring between analytical approaches. It is therefore proposed that the detection of Krypton might be the best indicator of transmutation occurring here as it is only 1.14 parts per million by volume in the air, where as Helium has a concentration that is 4.6 times this at 5.24 parts per million (ppm). Even hydrogen is around 6 ppm. This could also possibly be done real-time or by sending samples off for analysis (since Krypton is not going to leak easily like hydrogen or helium isotopes) and be far more cost effective than TOF SIMS. Gas could be collected via a moisture scrubbing/cold trap pipe from a bag tightly enclosing the vibrator based experiment. Chemicals chosen should not also absorb Krypton or Neon and temperature should be held above the freezing point of Krypton. For this purpose, the experiment could be loaded with a lot of Indium foil and run for a very long time. Krypton has a density at STP of 3.749 g/L which is nearly 3 times that of Nitrogen and over 2.1 times that of Argon.

It is therefore quite likely that if Krypton is synthesised, it will have its highest concentration just above the surface of the water inside the ultrasonic cleaning bowl, somehow extraction would be preferable from this point. Perhaps some kitchen cling film could be applied, such that essentially sits on the surface of the water and gas could be extracted via a needle and syringe. One suggested way to achieve this would be to hear the DI water to boiling, pour into ultrasonic bowl place in the samples and seal the top with the film, when water vapour condenses, the cling film might stretch down to near the top of the surface of the water. This approach might lead to the water removing more contaminants from the Indium than normal. Another approach maybe to manually push it into place with a sponge and then seal around the top of the bowl with a good rubber band. 10.1 Use of optical spectroscopy to look for Krypton A refillable gas discharge tube similar to the ones in this e-bay listing (but re-fillable) and suitable driver circuit could be used alongside a vacuum pump to generate a light source based on any potential synthesised gasses. Perhaps someone with glass blowing skills could open the nipple on a standard tube like this and add pipes and manifold to vacuum and gas source.

This company YANTRA sells individual tubes (some gasses could be selected for calibration) and matched power supplies.

With a potential gas acquired and in the discharge tube at a suitable pressure, spectral lines could be assessed by way of a webcam or mobile phone based solution from the open source community of which there are many. Here is some examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRab76QmoYg https://youtu.be/hZkVYuw4pJ4 https://spectralworkbench.org Very good diffraction gratings are affordable and easy to acquire, such as this one - or this one. 10.2 Use of gas mass analysis to look for Krypton Alan Goldwater has been loaned a MKS Cirrus 2 atmospheric pressure quadrupole gas mass spectrometer, here it is installed and showing a little residual oxygen after a pump down. This is absolutely ideal for detecting Krypton should it be there.

One could inject needle/syringe collected gas into a silicone bunged pipe attached into the mass spectrometer.

Here is another image showing how the Cirrus is able to accurately detect the concentration of molecules and noble gasses evolved over time.

Note here that neither of the two predicted synthesised Indium fission products from Table 01, Neon or Krypton, are detected (they are below the incredible sensitivity, typically < 100 ppb for non-interfering species). The mass range for the electronics in this device is up to 100 amu. Neon is 20,21* and 22* and Krypton is 78, 80, 82, 83*, 84* and 86* - with those with a * in Table 01.

13. References in peer reviewed literature of observed and experimental cavitation induced transmutations.

For allowing the review of methodological aspects regarding the experiments and measurements performed by the few researchers that have reported observational or experimental data of cavitation induced transmutations in plain water, aqueous solutions and solid or liquid metals, here you can find links to open access (when possible) or abstracts of prior research published in peer reviewed journals. Online published papers non peer reviewed, if of relevance and backed with independent data will also be added (specially patent applications).

Low Energy transmutation of Atomic Nuclei of Chemical Elements Kutznetsov et al http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-282/aflb282p173.pdf

CAVITATION AND FUSION Stringham, R. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812701510_0021 CAVITATION AND FUSION

Possible evidence for production of an artificial radionuclide in cavitated water Cardone et al. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 265, No. 1 (2005) 151–161 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/F_Cardone/publication/226772311_Possible_evidence_for_production_of_an_artificial_radionuclide_in_cavitated_water/links/0f31752efaa55115b9000000.pdf

Element Distribution in the Products of Low Energy Transmutation. Nucleosynthesis MISHINSKY & KUZNETSOV http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-333/aflb333m645.pdf

Sonofusion, Deuterons to Helium Experiments Stringham, R. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-2009-1029.ch009 Sonofusion, Deuterons to Helium Experiments

When Bubble Cavitation becomes Sonofusion Stringham, R. http://coldfusioncommunity.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/strippped_JCMNS-Vol6.pdf

Piezonuclear Reactions in Cavitated Water Cardone et al https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6283-4_16 Piezonuclear Reactions in Cavitated Water

Piezonuclear Reactions in Cavitated Solutions Cardone et al https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-6283-4_17 Piezonuclear Reactions in Cavitated Solutions

Piezonuclear Reactions REVIEW Cardone et al (allows download) https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asp/jap/2012/00000001/00000001/art00002 Piezonuclear Reactions REVIEW

Piezonuclear reactions and DST-reactions Albertini et al https://www.researchgate.net/profile/F_Cardone/publication/264933183_Piezonuclear_reactions_and_DST-reactions/links/577a8bfa08ae355e74f0700a/Piezonuclear-reactions-and-DST-reactions.pdf

Sonofusion: Ultrasound-Activated He Production in Circulating D2O Stringham, R. http://coldfusioncommunity.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/79_JCMNS-Vol14.pdf

Conservation of E and M, Single Cavitation Heat Events Stringham, R. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.733.2779&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=62

Chemical changes induced by ultrasound in iron Albertini et al https://www.researchgate.net/profile/F_Cardone/publication/260728159_Chemical_changes_induced_by_ultrasound_in_iron/links/5777b4db08aead7ba074592f/Chemical-changes-induced-by-ultrasound-in-iron.pdf

Atomic and isotopic changes induced by ultrasounds in iron Albertini et al https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-014-3341-5 Atomic and isotopic changes induced by ultrasounds in iron

Nuclear Metamorphosis in Mercury Cardone et al https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285754907_Nuclear_metamorphosis_in_mercury

A Method For Converting Elements, Such As Calcium, Copper, Magnesium, And Cesium, Into More Useful Elements, And A Method For Making Radioactive substances Harmless By Aplying this Element Conversion Method. Ohmasa, Ryushin. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5a/11/30/8ec98a558f3b83/US20180012673A1.pdf

The Detection of K-Ca Transmutation in the Mixture of K and Hydride Chemicals Lu et al The Detection of K-Ca Transmutation in the Mixture of K and Hydride Chemicals The astonishing 63Ni radioactivity reduction in radioactive wastes by means of ultrasounds application Rosada et al. SN Applied Sciences. November 2019, 1:1319 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs42452-019-1391-6.pdf

Cavitation Heater Stringham, R. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20190139652.pdf

The Cold Fusion/LENR Ping List

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Best book to get started on this subject:
EXCESS HEAT
Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed by Charles Beaudette

https://www.abebooks.com/9780967854809/Excess-Heat-Why-Cold-Fusion-0967854806/plp

Updated No Internal Trolling Rules for FR per Jim Robinson

https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/3928396/posts

If someone says stop, then stop. Do not enter onto a thread on a topic you don’t like just to disrupt, rattle cages, poke sticks, insult the regulars, or engage in trolling activities, etc. ~Jim Robinson

This topic has a following, people who wish to learn and discuss the materials presented.

Please refrain from posting anything that doesn’t legitimately address the issue.

Something is going on in this segment of science. There are a considerable number of research groups studying the matter. -Sidebar Moderator

The issue isn’t whether we allow skepticism, it is whether we allow hyperskeptics and skeptopaths to ruin the scientific dialog. Civil discussion of the involved science is desired.

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