Posted on 08/27/2021 7:01:31 AM PDT by ConservativeMind
An enzyme with an elusive role in severe inflammation may be a key mechanism driving COVID-19 severity and could provide a new therapeutic target to reduce COVID-19 mortality, according to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
sPLA2-IIA, which has similarities to an active enzyme in rattlesnake venom, is found in low concentrations in healthy individuals and has long been known to play a critical role in defense against bacterial infections, destroying microbial cell membranes.
When the activated enzyme circulates at high levels, it has the capacity to "shred" the membranes of vital organs, said Floyd (Ski) Chilton.
"In this study, we were able to identify patterns of metabolites that were present in individuals who succumbed to the disease," said lead study author Justin Snider, an assistant research professor in the UArizona Department of Nutrition. "The metabolites that surfaced revealed cell energy dysfunction and high levels of the sPLA2-IIA enzyme. The former was expected but not the latter."
Using the same machine learning methods, the researchers developed a decision tree to predict COVID-19 mortality. Most healthy individuals have circulating levels of the sPLA2-IIA enzyme hovering around half a nanogram per milliliter. According to the study, COVID-19 was lethal in 63% of patients who had severe COVID-19 and levels of sPLA2-IIA equal to or greater than 10 nanograms per milliliter.
"Many patients who died from COVID-19 had some of the highest levels of this enzyme that have ever been reported," said Chilton, who has been studying the enzyme for over three decades.
(Excerpt) Read more at sciencedaily.com ...
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