Posted on 07/17/2021 4:11:52 AM PDT by Kevmo
Novel Cold Fusion reactor with D supply from Ni-D layer on reaction metal layer with nano-mesh and with Metal Surface Potential Control
Cold Fusion reactor with D supply from Ni-D layer on the backside of reaction metal layer with nano-mesh and with metal plate holder on the front side of the metal
----------------------------------------- SUMMARY
It is proposed that Cold fusion in metal is caused by the formation of small D2 molecules with EDOs created by the compression of D2 at surface T sites of close-packed metal structures.
However, the FPE mechanism is different from the mechanism of real cold fusion, because in FPE D is absorbed under the electrolysis conditions, under the voltage sign opposite to the real Cold fusion condition.
A Cold fusion reactor based on this real cold fusion mechanism is proposed and the patent is pending at Japan Patent Office in [51],[52] The most important invention is to control the reaction surface of metal to be positive for ColdFusion and to be negative for D absorption.
Another invention is the reactor where the Cold fusion and D absorption are spatially separated on the front/backside of the metal plate, respectively.
The D absorption and Cold fusion can proceed simultaneously, thus it can maximize the D supply and the excess heat by ejecting 4He ash confined at the surface T site.
Another novel feature of the proposed Cold fusion Reactor comprises the nano-patterned metal plate, which is efficient to produce excess heat in the nano roughness on the sidewall of the nano-patterned metal structure and is efficiently cooled by the supplied H2O coolant.
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Fig.1. Scheme of edge dislocation loops in Pd containing condensed H/D. [10]. At the initial stage of FPE replication experiments, mostof researchers proposed that the lattice confinement can cause the fusion for example as shown in Fig. 1 [10].
The authors developed a technique for embedding ultra-high-density deuterium clusters (D clusters) into Palladium (Pd) thin film and suggested that hydrogen in ultra-high-density clusters is confined in the dislocation which is created by a very high stress inside the metal and have the special state Rydberg matter [11]. However, the D cluster confinement in the bulk defects is inconsistent with other experimental data explained in 1.1.2.
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Because the excess heat generation is determined by Dsupply to the reaction surface and the number of reaction site at surface T site, and so the capture rate of D at the surface Tsite is also important as well as the total surface area.
High D concentration of Ni-D layer is deposited under the reaction surface, and this Ni-D is formed at the proximity of reaction surface to maximize D supply and to make the Dloading time unnecessary.
To increase the capture rate Ni layer with nano-roughness is needed on the larger surface area, so the capture rate of D at the surface Tsite is also important as well as the total surface area.
Fig.23 use the fine Ni-mesh to increase the surface area and Ni deposition with nano-roughness can improve the D capture rate.
Figure 22 shows that the reaction metal surface has the electrically contact through hole on the ceramics or conductive ceramics, and the ceramics can stop D diffusion to the supporting metal side.
Figure 23 shows the metal structure with fine mesh toincrease the surface area on the front side of the metal and Niis sputtered with nano-roughness to increase the capture ratio of D at surface T site.
It is proposed that Cold fusion can occur in metal by D+ hopping to T sites with D– on the metal surface.
In this mechanism, D+ hopping is assisted by the Coulomb attractive force between D+ and D–, suggesting that control of the positive surface potential of the metal is important.
D2 thus formed at surface T site is compressed by T-site atoms due to the size difference between D2 and the original T-site volume. Compression of the D2 covalent bonds creates a small D2 atom with Electron Deep Orbit (EDO) at a radius of a few femtometers, which is small enough to completely shield the Coulomb repulsive force between d-d and thus leads to the fusion.
Hydrogen with DEO is verified by the experimental data of “high compressibility of hydrogen” and soft x-ray spectra which roughly matched the theoretical value of EDO.
Because the current Cold fusion reactors are based on Fleischmann and Pons Effect (FPE), they have serious issues originating from voltage conditions of D absorption under the electrolysis condition which has the negative metal surface potential although the real Cold fusion needs the positive metal surface potential.
Thus, it is very difficult to trigger fusion due to the voltage condition mismatch.
Therefore, FPE needs a very high temperature by a strong local resistive heating of Pd Rod caused by the insulating film growth on fragments of Pd surface during D charging.
The inhomogeneous insulating film growth is caused by very high electric field and by its variation caused by the Pt wire anode cage. Thus, I propose the novel Cold fusion reactor based on the real Cold fusion mechanism, with the proper metal surface potential control for D absorption and for Cold Fusion separately with very high surface potential uniformity, which fixes the most of the issues of reactors based on FPE.
D supply from the backside of the reaction surface can eject 4He at the surface T site, resulting in high excess heat generation. Because the total excess heat generation is determined by the D supply speed to the reaction surface of metal, D supply from the backside of metal is also needed to maximize the D supply speed, and Thus Ni-D layer deposition under the reaction surface is promising to have the larger excess heat generation because it has huge amount of D at the very close location to the reaction surface, like FPE.
for the cold fusion ping list
The Cold Fusion/LENR Ping List
http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/coldfusion/index?tab=articles
Keywords: ColdFusion; LENR; lanr; CMNS
chat—science
—
Vortex-L
http://tinyurl.com/pxtqx3y
Best book to get started on this subject:
EXCESS HEAT
Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed by Charles Beaudette
https://www.abebooks.com/9780967854809/Excess-Heat-Why-Cold-Fusion-0967854806/plp
Updated No Internal Trolling Rules for FR per Jim Robinson
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/3928396/posts
If someone says stop, then stop. Do not enter onto a thread on a topic you don’t like just to disrupt, rattle cages, poke sticks, insult the regulars, or engage in trolling activities, etc. ~Jim Robinson
The issue isn’t whether we allow skepticism, it is whether we allow hyperskeptics and skeptopaths to ruin the scientific dialog. Civil discussion of the involved science is desired.
https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/6619-nkodama-s-merged-thread-top/?postID=160085#post160085
nkodama
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Yesterday, 12:30 pm
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#12
Quote from nkodama
I review the paper of SO(4) symmetry but this is the theory of relativistic hydrogen atom.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0711.0049.pdf
But this does not include the V(r) potential as is =1/r at r=o potential is infinite and cause the huge error.
So electron deep orbit theory corrected this potential at r=0 by distributing positive charge uniformly inside the nucleus.
But Relativistic hydrogen atom theory does not include this potential abnormality.
so both are totally different although the terminology is similar.
So for cold fusion we must focus on electron deep orbit theory not SO(4) symmetry of RHA.
RHA theory is related to the quantum number of n,l,s, not related to the incorrect coulomb potential.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…Runge%E2%80%93Lenz_vector
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SO(4) model is based on the neutron wavefunction of proton and electron, which means that neutron is to be proton and electron pair.
THis is the result of electron deep orbit theory so the results is the same because both are based on the same hypo.
SO I hope every researcher understand that SO(4) is the same of Electron deep orbit theory or small hydrogen theory.
We were just talking about this yesterday at the Monster Truck rally.
Proof is in the pudding. Let’s see a prototype of any kind that actually outputs more energy than went in. We can go from there.
I have a hard time believing that “this time” they “HAVE IT”. THhere have been a few too many of those “just around the corner” scientific efforts.
There have been more than a dozen such prototypes. Some have had Coefficient of Performance [COP] Output/Input of infinity when they were in “heat after death” mode.
My favorite was Dr. Schwarz’s NANOR device which ran for several MONTHS at MIT with varying COPs between 9 and 2000.
And the most egregious example is “hot fusion”, which has been in the works for seventy years, cost untold billions of dollars for research, and has yet to produce a billable watt of electric power. “Cold fusion” is a piker by comparison.
nkodama
Member
Reactions Received109
Jul 11th 2021
#10
Quote from RobertBryant
its interesting that way back in 1935..
Fock found that SO(4) could be involved in the electron-proton system..
“
Fock then goes on to derive addition theorems for the
four-dimensional spherical harmonics, and applies his method to
other atoms than hydrogen by introducing an eective nuclear
charge.
Fock’s calculation ‘explains’ the SO(4)-symmetry by showing that
the Schrödinger equation in R3
is secretly the Laplace equation on S3 C R4
, on which SO(4) acts.
Why this should be the case remains mysterious.
http://www.physics.smu.edu/scalise/P5382fa15/fock.pdf
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I review the paper of SO(4) symmetry but this is the theory of relativistic hydrogen atom.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0711.0049.pdf
But this does not include the V(r) potential as is =1/r at r=o potential is infinite and cause the huge error.
So electron deep orbit theory corrected this potential at r=0 by distributing positive charge uniformly inside the nucleus.
But Relativistic hydrogen atom theory does not include this potential abnormality.
so both are totally different although the terminology is similar.
So for cold fusion we must focus on electron deep orbit theory not SO(4) symmetry of RHA.
RHA theory is related to the quantum number of n,l,s, not related to the incorrect coulomb potential.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…Runge%E2%80%93Lenz_vector
https://freerepublic.com/focus/chat/3981264/posts?page=15#15
To: Steely Tom
regarding “A “linear BEC” sounds rather like the “hydroton” model of Edmund Storms”
A Bose Einstein Condensate is when a group of atoms start acting like one atom, in concert.
Lots of hints that what’s going on in LENR is BECs. But the drawback is that BECs form at such low temperatures. So the trick is to find how BECs might form at higher temperatures, find evidence for it.
That evidence is slowly arriving.
A Linear BEC would be a linear formation of perhaps only a few atoms, acting in concert.
Here is where I think there might be an intersection with Ed’s model. When that vibrating linear BEC runs into an edge dislocation of the matrix... it BENDS the BEC. It stresses it such that 2 of the captured atoms fuse together because the Coulomb Barrier is so low inside the BEC.
Look at Figure 1. Scheme of edge dislocation loops in Pd containing condensed H/D.
I posted that article here
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/3976833/posts
15 posted on 8/2/2021, 7:37:53 AM by Kevmo (Right now there are 600 political prisoners in Washington, DC.)
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