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Predominant Role of Bacterial Pneumonia as a Cause of Death in Pandemic Influenza: Implications for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness
The Journal of Infectious Diseases ^ | 10/01/08 | Anthony Fauci, David M.. Morens, Jeffery K. Taubenberger

Posted on 11/01/2020 3:36:55 PM PST by Enlightened1

Abstract

Background. Despite the availability of published data on 4 pandemics that have occurred over the past 120 years, there is little modern information on the causes of death associated with influenza pandemics.

Methods. We examined relevant information from the most recent influenza pandemic that occurred during the era prior to the use of antibiotics, the 1918–1919 “Spanish flu”; pandemic. We examined lung tissue sections obtained during 58 autopsies and reviewed pathologic and bacteriologic data from 109 published autopsy series that described 8398 individual autopsy investigations.

Results. The postmortem samples we examined from people who died of influenza during 1918–1919 uniformly exhibited severe changes indicative of bacterial pneumonia. Bacteriologic and histopathologic results from published autopsy series clearly and consistently implicated secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by common upper respiratory-tract bacteria in most influenza fatalities.

Conclusions. The majority of deaths in the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic likely resulted directly from secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by common upper respiratory-tract bacteria. Less substantial data from the subsequent 1957 and 1968 pandemics are consistent with these findings. If severe pandemic influenza is largely a problem of viral-bacterial copathogenesis, pandemic planning needs to go beyond addressing the viral cause alone (e.g., influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs). Prevention, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of secondary bacterial pneumonia, as well as stockpiling of antibiotics and bacterial vaccines, should also be high priorities for pandemic planning.

 

https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/198/7/962/2192118

 

(Excerpt) Read more at academic.oup.com ...


TOPICS: Health/Medicine; Miscellaneous; Science
KEYWORDS: 2020election; anthonyfauci; causeammonia; dsj03; election2020; landslide; masks; spanishflu; trumplandslide
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To: KarlInOhio

I always thought ammonia diluted in water was a good chemical to clean he floor with, and farmers use anhydrous ammonia as fertilizer. I wonder where you picked up that info hat ammonia is a “hugh” huge and “series” serious disease. You may want to check your info along with your spelling. I mean it kindly !


41 posted on 11/01/2020 8:04:52 PM PST by saintgermaine (THE TIME TRAVELLER)
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To: saintgermaine
There are long time Free Republic jokes about "stuned", "hugh" and "series" being famously misspelled in some threads. I was adding those to this ammonia/pneumonia misspelling.

I found the origin of "stuned": Would like freeper help but I couldn't find the original hugh and series thread.

42 posted on 11/01/2020 8:27:01 PM PST by KarlInOhio (The greatest threat to world freedom is the Chinese Communist Party and Joe Biden is their puppet.)
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To: Chauncey Gardiner

He has a long history of fraud and other shady/criminal activity.


43 posted on 11/01/2020 9:08:30 PM PST by Trillian
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To: Enlightened1
Has anyone seen a photograph of the “Bat Lady” Doctor at the Wuhan Lab who was funded by Dr. Fauci?

After reading the embarrassing love letter-emails that Fauci sent to Hillary Clinton, I have always speculated that Fauci funded Bat Lady because he wanted her to like him.

44 posted on 11/02/2020 6:41:05 AM PST by zeestephen
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To: P-Marlowe

This is not true: “Fauchi was appointed by Trump.”

He was in the job when Trump took office, and has held that job through a number of administrations before Trump.


45 posted on 11/02/2020 6:47:20 AM PST by Wuli
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To: AdmSmith; AnonymousConservative; Arthur Wildfire! March; Berosus; Bockscar; cardinal4; ColdOne; ...

Partisan Media Shills update.


46 posted on 11/02/2020 4:42:33 PM PST by SunkenCiv (Imagine an imaginary menagerie manager imagining managing an imaginary menagerie.)
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