Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Apple releases iOS 13.5 to the public with Exposure Notification API, Face ID enhancements, more
9to5Mac ^ | 5/20/2020 | chance miller

Posted on 05/26/2020 11:14:55 PM PDT by bkopto

After releasing the golden master to developers earlier this week, Apple is releasing iOS 13.5 to the general public today. The update brings quite a few changes and new features prompted by COVID-19, including the Exposure Notification API, Face ID enhancements, and much more.

Apple and Google have been developing the Exposure Notification API with close guidance from public health officials. When a user enables the feature and has an app from a public health authority installed, the device will regularly send out a beacon via Bluetooth that includes a random Bluetooth identifier. From there, the Exposure Notification API will download a list of the keys for the beacons that have been verified as belonging to people confirmed as positive for COVID-19 and check against that list. If there is a match, the user may be notified and advised on next steps.

(Excerpt) Read more at 9to5mac.com ...


TOPICS: Computers/Internet; Health/Medicine
KEYWORDS: justno
Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-2021-4041-6061-70 next last
To: Swordmaker
”This has nothing to do with cameras.

Really? So the fact that there is facial recognition in this upgrade has nothing to do with a phone camera? Perhaps from the sound of my voice Apple can determine my face? Don’t be idiotic.

41 posted on 05/27/2020 8:26:47 AM PDT by wildcard_redneck ("Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither.")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 16 | View Replies]

To: bkopto
I'm on my last Apple phone anyway, an old iPhone SE. My next phone is the open source, open hardware phone Librem 5, from Purism, which, among other things, has camera, GPS, WIFI, and cellular hardware kill switches.

Good luck with that. Their website has been promising their $749 non-Android, non-iOS phone will be deliverable in six months sometime in 2019 for over a year now, but you can PAY FOR IT NOW! How’s that going for all those people who fell for their scam?

They haven’t shipped anything and I don’t think they ever will. Just looking at their list of promises, I can see a lot of things they simply cannot fulfill based on patent infringements that would keep them tied up in the courts for years! They have to license stuff that would

First, they claim that the hardware is “open source hardware.” Uh, not possible and still operate on the cellular networks. They have to use certain hardware which is owed by other makers which is patented and NOT OPEN SOURCE. They have to buy those chips and radios from those companies that make those particular parts. They can’t just “invent” their own versions as “open source” and toss them on a circuit board. Any claim they can is bogus.

Secondly, there are specific STANDARDS of software that must be met to connect to the cellular networks, this software is also patented and copyrighted and all of it is held for their owners, in consortiums which license these patents under FRAND (Fair, Reasonable And Non-Discrimanatory) terms, enforceable by law. These are Standards Essential Patents (SEPs) that all cellular devices have to have just to work, and they are NOT Open Source. There are literally thousands of them in each device. Purism seems to think they can create a new phone without them, or incorporate them in their design and ignore the LAW. They cannot. Nor can they just create a work around that does the same thing that doesn’t infringe the patents. So sorry, a work around still infringes the patents.

Purism targeted shipping their first phone, the Librem 5, for January 2019, at a $599 price, but 18 months later they have yet to ship anything and raised their price to $749. Given the issues I’ve outlined above, I am not surprised, yet their website is still doing pre-sales for the Librem 5 USA, now at $1,999 claimed to be 100% made in the USA, still with no product ready, and shipping STILL six months away. Say what? It’s a fantasy!

Or you can buy the exact same Purism Librem 5 phone, but supposedly NOT made in the USA, for $1250 less at $749, but it’s STILL not available. . . Therefore it’s also a fantasy. Same reasons.

I’d guess the difference is the USA model must be hand assembled.

Both of them look like they’re about a half inch thick, and heavy. The specs are about five years out of date compared to the competition.

42 posted on 05/27/2020 9:22:46 AM PDT by Swordmaker (My pistol self-identifies as an iPad, so you must accept it in gun-free zones, you hoplophobe bigot!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 38 | View Replies]

To: Swordmaker
They haven’t shipped anything and I don’t think they ever will.

The Birch and Chesnut batches have shipped. Dogwood is on the cusp of shipping. Evergreen will ship Q3 (delayed by Corona)

They have to use certain hardware which is owed by other makers which is patented and NOT OPEN SOURCE.

I suppose it depends on your definition. It uses an ARM CPU, Wifi chip, cellular chip, which they don't have the chip schematics for. So in that sense, no. However, find me a schematic of an iphone. Here is the L5 schematic.

https://developer.puri.sm/Librem5/_downloads/librem5_birch_mainboard_schematic.pdf

Therefore it’s also a fantasy.

Here are the fantasies, in real life:

https://social.librem.one/@dos/104218666011152589

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhrnMVJDpfs

there are specific STANDARDS of software that must be met to connect to the cellular networks, this software is also patented and copyrighted and all of it is held for their owners

True. But the L5 isolates those "binary blobs" onto M2 cards, which don't have access to the CPU bus.

The specs are about five years out of date compared to the competition.

True. But to me the specs are good enough and I own and trust this phone, much more that I ever could with ios or android, and that is something I value a lot (a subjective assessment, of course).

43 posted on 05/27/2020 10:34:30 AM PDT by bkopto
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 42 | View Replies]

To: bkopto
Thank you for posting this.

I had read about this a couple week ago and turned off the automatic updates on my iPhone. As of today it has not updated, or nagged me to update, but I see it there and have not downloaded it.

I usually hold off on updates and wait a couple of weeks at best.

My iPad was asking last night, but it still has 12.4.1, when the popup comes up I got through it and then select disagree with the terms.

My 1st Mac was an LC in the late 80’s and I have never gone back.

44 posted on 05/27/2020 10:38:28 AM PDT by W650
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: Flick Lives

Thanks!


45 posted on 05/27/2020 10:41:32 AM PDT by Peter W. Kessler ("NUTS!!!")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 5 | View Replies]

To: wildcard_redneck
Really? So the fact that there is facial recognition in this upgrade has nothing to do with a phone camera? Perhaps from the sound of my voice Apple can determine my face? Don’t be idiotic.

No, actually it doesn’t. Apple uses a special 3D system using a projected infrared beam that projects 30,000 dots onto the face of the users, and a special infrared camera sensor picks up those dots that then calculatesthe time of flight and that build a 3D mathematical representation of the user’s face, utilizing an extremely fast neural engine processor that can do one trillion operations per second. Try to know something about the technology before calling me an idiot, when I have studied this technology and DO know something about the technology.

The fact is that Apple does not use a photo, light image, or even a 3D image, stored on the device, to do it’s facial recognition to unlock it’s devices. It uses an algorithm composed mathematical hash representing the Infrared 3D construct of your face. You have to be actively looking at the sensors, and alive, for it to work. Nothing ever leaves the device.

It’s you making assumptions about something you don’t understand that makes your posting idiotic.

46 posted on 05/27/2020 10:48:21 AM PDT by Swordmaker (My pistol self-identifies as an iPad, so you must accept it in gun-free zones, you hoplophobe bigot!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 41 | View Replies]

To: bkopto

Starting today, our Exposure Notifications technology is available to public health agencies on both iOS and Android. What we’ve built is not an app — rather public health agencies will incorporate the API into their own apps that people install. Our technology is designed to make these apps work better.

Each user gets to decide whether or not to opt-in to Exposure Notifications; the system does not collect or use location from the device; and if a person is diagnosed with COVID-19, it is up to them whether or not to report that in the public health app. User adoption is key to success and we believe that these strong privacy protections are also the best way to encourage use of these apps.

Not sure how they could confirm you were positive when you report you are to the public health app, as it's illegal for anybody to ask. Maybe a bunch of folks will report as positive just because they can. Would be great for clearing out long lines at the supermarket, or restaurants.

47 posted on 05/27/2020 11:18:34 AM PDT by CodeJockey (Dum Spiro, Pugno)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: Swordmaker
“a special infrared camera sensor”

You just made my point - an infrared camera. All of Apple’s promises now do not mean squat because all of their vaunted privacy assurances are based on software that can be changed at any time either by hackers or by Apple itself because a smartphone is a connected device.

My advice is valid. Anyone who wants a higher level of privacy needs to put a sliding cover over that infrared camera sensor wherever it exists on the iPhone. If you want to use facial recognition to unlock your iPhone then slide the camera cover back and once the iPhone is opened, close it.

48 posted on 05/27/2020 11:28:37 AM PDT by wildcard_redneck ("Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither.")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 46 | View Replies]

To: bkopto
The Birch and Chesnut batches have shipped. Dogwood is on the cusp of shipping. Evergreen will ship Q3 (delayed by Corona)

I can find ZERO evidence they’ve shipped anything. NONE. They’ve produced test platforms. But NOT a retail phone. The models they are advertising are still the identical one they’ve been advertising from day one. I’ve looked. I see their list of “releases” on their website. But that’s test platforms. Not retail phones for sale.

Your first link is to a video of the operating SYSTEM running on a mockup of the phone running from a desktop computer. It’s not a working phone. Nice try, but no banana. READ THE COMMENTS in the Tweets below. They say things like “Looks good but a long way to go” and Fred@purism said “ It depends. GL apps are fast and snappy, but most GTK3 apps are slower because they render everything in software. Things should massively improve once we switch to GTK4 and make it work well with mobile GPUs.” As I said, it’s a FANTASY!

Your YouTube is a DEMO of a prototype, doing things other phones were doing years ago. There’s no evidence that phone call was really a phone call. It’s still a fantasy. The comments again are NOT ABOUT A SHIPPING PRODUCT! Nothing has shipped EVER! Get real. To quote one comment on YouTube from one month ago: “Omg, it's looking so great! I've had a healthy amount of skepticism throughout the development of this device, but I couldn't be more pleased with how far it's come so far. Keep up the amazing work.“ Another says, “I can’t wait to buy one!”

Same story, different day. It hasn’t shipped and is not shipping. It’s perpetually “someday.”

True. But the L5 isolates those "binary blobs" onto M2 cards, which don't have access to the CPU bus.

It doesn’t matter whether a SEP is on the bus or isolated. You don’t get it. They are REQUIRED to connect to the cellular network or it is not a cellular device. If you isolated them NOT on the bus, it won’t work. DO YOU GET IT NOW???? A cellular device that doesn’t connect to the cellular network isn’t a cellular phone. PERIOD. It requires the SEPs to do that. Their claim that EVERYTHING is open source precludes any SEPs. Same for the claim of open source hardware. It’s just not possible. Other people own the patent rights. They just cannot include those patents and maintain both SEPS and open source. It’s just not legally possible!

Even Android ran into that buzz saw when it was released into the world in 2010. Google had to fight some legal battle and then license a lot of patents and copyrights to get legal. . . And THEY had deep pockets that I don’t think this company has. Google also bought up a lot of patents they could use to swap for rights.

49 posted on 05/27/2020 11:30:25 AM PDT by Swordmaker (My pistol self-identifies as an iPad, so you must accept it in gun-free zones, you hoplophobe bigot!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 43 | View Replies]

To: Swordmaker

Exactly right. Your cellphone, as useful as it is, is a government spy device. I wouldn’t trust it even in a Faraday pouch with the battery removed.

Anyone else notice that Apple’s iPhone has a nonremovable battery and that if you commit the sin of letting the battery drain to nothing that Apple punishes you by not immediately booting up the phone when you connect it to a charger?


50 posted on 05/27/2020 11:36:45 AM PDT by wildcard_redneck ("Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither.")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 20 | View Replies]

To: Swordmaker
I can find ZERO evidence they’ve shipped anything.

https://forums.puri.sm/t/observatons-with-the-chestnut-batch-librem-5-received-jan-2020/8404

Your YouTube is a DEMO of a prototype, doing things other phones were doing years ago. There’s no evidence that phone call was really a phone call.

To quote a Freeper in post 39 above: "Look, I’m not going to argue with an ignorant paranoid fool. Have a good day. Be happy in your ignorance."

51 posted on 05/27/2020 11:46:24 AM PDT by bkopto
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 49 | View Replies]

To: Swordmaker

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhTFkUpB8zc&t=169


52 posted on 05/27/2020 11:59:09 AM PDT by bkopto
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 49 | View Replies]

To: wildcard_redneck
You just made my point - an infrared camera. All of Apple’s promises now do not mean squat because all of their vaunted privacy assurances are based on software that can be changed at any time either by hackers or by Apple itself because a smartphone is a connected device.

My advice is valid. Anyone who wants a higher level of privacy needs to put a sliding cover over that infrared camera sensor wherever it exists on the iPhone. If you want to use facial recognition to unlock your iPhone then slide the camera cover back and once the iPhone is opened, close it.

Look, paranoid know nothing, what part of it doesn’t take an IMAGE do you FAIL TO GRASP? It’s an infrared sensor. The data it uses is useless off the iPhone. You are IGNORANT of how an iPhone works and are imputing capabilities that you think are there. It DOESN’T TAKE A PHOTO! Get that through your thick head.

Apple has also fought the Federal government several times to prevent them from gaining access to their technology. You think they are going to kowtow now? If so, then we’ve got far more serious problems than a phone that takes a picture of your face.

You guys are scared of nothing. There are FAR MORE THINGS to be afraid of tracking you than your own phone. . . Especially an iPhone which specializes in security and privacy which Android does not.

Why don’t you dig a hole and pull it in over you? That’s what you are advocating.

53 posted on 05/27/2020 12:07:47 PM PDT by Swordmaker (My pistol self-identifies as an iPad, so you must accept it in gun-free zones, you hoplophobe bigot!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 48 | View Replies]

To: Swordmaker

Bookmark


54 posted on 05/27/2020 12:08:23 PM PDT by Irish Eyes
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 14 | View Replies]

To: bkopto

You really are an idiot to post that YouTube. You are posting about a non-existent product you intend to buy and you claim I am delusional? You are delusional if you think that that phone will EVER make it to market, you insulting asshat.


55 posted on 05/27/2020 12:10:37 PM PDT by Swordmaker (My pistol self-identifies as an iPad, so you must accept it in gun-free zones, you hoplophobe bigot!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 52 | View Replies]

To: bkopto

Just what the world needs, a nanny state company sending billions and billions of notices to people that they may have been near a person with COVID, as though they should expect to drop dead within seconds of the notification and be required to press ‘OK’ for each notification.

‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’ ‘OK’

Something like that just in the first minute of turning on such a stupid app.


56 posted on 05/27/2020 12:18:17 PM PDT by CodeToad (Arm Up! They Have!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: CodeToad
Just what the world needs, a nanny state company sending billions and billions of notices to people that they may have been near a person with COVID, as though they should expect to drop dead within seconds of the notification and be required to press ‘OK’ for each notification.

If you’d bother to learn something, that’s not the way it works.

57 posted on 05/27/2020 12:34:02 PM PDT by Swordmaker (My pistol self-identifies as an iPad, so you must accept it in gun-free zones, you hoplophobe bigot!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 56 | View Replies]

To: Swordmaker

Learning is how I know you and your Apple propaganda machine works. We all know how these apps become nothing but a huge pain in the ass and a gross violation of privacy rights.

Oh, that’s right, you and Apple claim if someone did’t read the fine print written in lawyerspeak then doom on them if their rights or privacy is violated.

We learn just fine, you just want to get away with pissing on our legs and telling us it is raining.


58 posted on 05/27/2020 12:45:48 PM PDT by CodeToad (Arm Up! They Have!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 57 | View Replies]

To: House Atreides

No. The people don’t understand that. They’d rather live in fear. It’s so ridiculous.

Those iOS updates are important for improving security. That tracing is exactly as you described. You really have to be very deliberate to turn it on.

People on Twitter were equally uninformed and fearful.

I just shake my head. But the ignorance is exhausting.


59 posted on 05/27/2020 1:08:51 PM PDT by BlueHorseShoe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 10 | View Replies]

To: Swordmaker

Me no frightened!

If it can map your face in a spectrum of light invisible to the naked eye it is still a type of image sensor. Just sayin.


60 posted on 05/27/2020 1:37:19 PM PDT by wildcard_redneck ("Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither.")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 53 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-2021-4041-6061-70 next last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson