Global cooling event 4,200 years ago spurred rice's evolution, spread across Asia

EurekAlert! ^ | May 15, 2020 | New York University

[SunkenCiv]

A major global cooling event that occurred 4,200 years ago may have led to the evolution of new rice varieties and the spread of rice into both northern and southern Asia, an international team of researchers has found.

Rice is one of the most important crops worldwide, a staple for more than half of the global population. It was first cultivated 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley in China and later spread across East, Southeast, and South Asia, followed by the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. In the process, rice evolved and adapted to different environments, but little is known about the routes, timing, and environmental forces involved in this spread.

In their study, the researchers reconstructed the historical movement of rice across Asia using whole-genome sequences of more than 1,400 varieties of rice--including varieties of japonica and indica, two main subspecies of Asian rice--coupled with geography, archaeology, and historical climate data.

For the first 4,000 years of its history, farming rice was largely confined to China, and japonica was the subspecies grown. Then, a global cooling event 4,200 years ago--also known as the 4.2k event, which is thought to have had widespread consequences, including the collapse of civilizations from Mesopotamia to China--coincided with japonica rice diversifying into temperate and tropical varieties. The newly evolved temperate varieties spread in northern China, Korea and Japan, while the tropical varieties and spread to Southeast Asia.

[SunkenCiv]

In addition to Purugganan and Gutaker, study authors include other members of the Purugganan laboratory at the NYU Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, and collaborators at Pennsylvania State University, Universidade Nova de Lisboa in Portugal, the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Manitoba, University College London, North-West University in China, University College Dublin, and the University of California San Diego.

[Texas Eagle]

What in the world did rice evolve from???

[SunkenCiv]

join or quit view topics view or post blog bookmark post new topic subscribe

• How climate change caused the world's first empire to collapse | Phys dot org (relying on non-science source for science article) | January 3, 2019 | Vasile Ersek, The Conversation | Posted on 01/07/2019 10:15:43 PM PST by SunkenCiv
• curseofagade

[SunkenCiv]

[PapaBear3625]

Rice is a type of grass. Wheat, barley, etc are too. You eat the grass seeds.

[Reily]

“...This was supported by a genetic study in 2011 that showed that all forms of Asian rice, both indica and japonica, sprang from a single domestication event that occurred 13,500 to 8,200 years ago in China from the wild rice Oryza rufipogon……”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice

[Texas Eagle]

Oh.

So what did it evolve from?

[palmer]

The domestication of Asian rice (Oryza sativa) was a complex process punctuated by episodes of introgressive hybridization among and between subpopulations. Deep genetic divergence between the two main varietal groups (Indica and Japonica) suggests domestication from at least two distinct wild populations. However, genetic uniformity surrounding key domestication genes across divergent subpopulations suggests cultural exchange of genetic material among ancient farmers.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875394/

[PapaBear3625]

Earlier grasses. And earlier plant types. Unless you are a Young Earth creationist, in which case everything was created as it is now in 4004 BC.

Either way, have a nice day. Bye.

[SunkenCiv]

Curse of Agade keyword, chrono sort:

• Strong winter dust storms may have caused the collapse of the Akkadian Empire [2019]
• How climate change caused the world's first empire to collapse [2019]
• Evidence of Sodom? Meteor blast cause of biblical destruction, say scientists [2018]
• Welcome to the Meghalayan Age - a new phase in history [2018]
• The Best Radiocarbon-dated Site in Recent Iberian Prehistory [sudden end] [2018]
• 4,000-year-old Sumerian port found in southern Iraq [2018]
• Did Egypt's Old Kingdom Die -- or Simply Fade Away? [2015]
• Have archaeologists discovered the biblical city of Sodom? [2015]
• Archaeologists Claim to Have Found Ancient City of Sodom (and Gomorrah) [2015]
• Archaeologist Believes Remains of Sodom's Fiery Destruction Have Been Found [2015]
• Archaeologists discover possible ruins of ancient Sodom in the Holy Land [2015]
• Possible site of ancient Sodom yields more finds [2015]
• Archeologists Explain Historical Climate Change 4,000 Years Ago [2015]
• Ancient megadrought entombed dodos in poisonous fecal cocktail [2015]
• New Thoughts on the Impact of Climate Change in Neolithic China [2015]
• Climate change caused empire's fall, tree rings reveal [2014]
• The Ghost Empire - Climate Change, Global Warming, Drought and Desertification [2013]
• 200-year-long drought may have killed Sumerian language [2012]
• Climate and Drought Lessons from Ancient Egypt [2012]
• Ancient Egypt was destroyed by drought, discover Scottish experts [2011]
• Ancient City Mysteriously Survived Mideast Civilization Collapse [2011]
• Clay tablet holds clue to asteroid mystery [2008]
• Comets And Disaster In The Bronze Age [2007]
• Climate Key To Sphinx's Riddle [2007]
• Charcoal reveals wildfire history [2006]
• Jordan site may be Biblical city of Sodom [2006]
• The Roots Of Civilization Trace Back To ... Roots [2005]
• Ancestors Of Turks Came To Anatolia In 2000s BC [2004]
• Mesopotamian Climate Change (8,000 Years Ago) [2004]
• Drought That Destroyed A Civilisation [2003]
• The Dark Ages: Were They Darker Than We Imagined? [2003]
• Meteor Clue To End Of Middle East Civilisations [2003]
• Dawn Of American Religion Found (2,250 BC) [2003]
• An Impact Event in 3114BC? The beginning of a Turbulent Millennium. [2003]
• Evidence for Major Impact Events in the late Third Millennium BC [2002]
• The Law Code of Hammurabi. (Complete Translation) [2002]
• Comets,Meteors & Myth: New Evidence For Toppled Civilizations And Bibical Tales [2002]
• Deconstructing the Walls of Jerico [2002]
• Archaeologists Unearth 1,700 Year-Old Canal System Near Lake Okeechobee (Florida) [2002]
• Meteor Clue To End Of Middle East Civilisations [2002]
• Disaster That Struck The Ancients [2001]
• Comets, Meteors & Myth: New Evidence for Toppled Civilizations and Biblical Tales [2001]
• Slam, bang, thanks Saddam: new meteor theory [2001]

[Texas Eagle]

Thank you. I have a nice day in every day The Lord makes.

[KSCITYBOY]

btt

[captain_dave]

Scientists can not forecast the weather. They don’t understand the climate. A real understanding of electricity eludes them. No useful new cereal grain has been create in historical times. The great mystery of Life remains. And we’re supposed to believe their fairytales of how rice came to be 4200 years ago.

[SunkenCiv]

Beats whatever fairy tale you're peddling.

[fella]

The history of foods is quite interesting.

[Balding_Eagle]

What is the point of your post?

[PIF]

the 4.2ka event seems to have been responsible for the collapse of some of the world’s greatest ancient civilizations: Old Kingdom Egypt, the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia, the Liangzhu culture in China, and the Indus civilization in modern-day India and Pakistan.

[blam]

"the 4.2ka event seems to have been responsible for the collapse of some of the world’s greatest ancient civilizations: Old Kingdom Egypt, the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia, the Liangzhu culture in China, and the Indus civilization in modern-day India and Pakistan."

Disaster That Struck The Ancients

[SunkenCiv]

Yup, worldwide impact from, well, an impact. :^)

[SunkenCiv]

:^) Eatin' it is pretty great too. ;^)