Posted on 04/30/2020 6:33:20 PM PDT by SeekAndFind
In an article published in Il Tempo, one of Italy’s leading independent newspapers (Britannica.com), Annalisa Chiusolo, a prominent pharmacology researcher, described the mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2. By understanding this mechanism, it is possible to target and select the most effective drugs against COVID-19 with accuracy and precision. The coronavirus affects the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen, creating the preconditions for lung complications, known to be associated with COVID-19: breathlessness, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death.
Discovering the theory of viral replication is the first step of any verification. Science proceeds by refutation or confirmation. If this thesis were confirmed, many unknowns would be explained. For example, why COVID-19 affects more men, people with diabetes, fewer women in general, and even fewer pregnant women, very few children, and people with thalassemia. It would close the circle.
Image credit: www.sciencedirect.com
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The virus needs porphyrins for its survival (probably for its replication), so it attacks the hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen in the blood), in particular, the OFR10 and OFR3 proteins attack the beta chain, and orph1ab subtracts the porphyrin. The concepts seem a bit abstruse for a layman, but simply speaking, this translates into less oxygen available to the body, with consequent accumulation of carbon dioxide. Thus, the lung cells enter into a state of distress and become the site of the cytokine storm – that is, an enormous immune response – responsible for the acute inflammation that characterizes COVID-19 pneumonia.
The value of hemoglobin in the blood can be an important parameter to assess the SARS- CoV-2 infection: in men, the average value of Hb (hemoglobin) is higher than in women. This would explain the higher incidence of COVID-19 pneumonia in men compared to women, the lower incidence, and the better prognosis in children and pregnant women, where Hb values are lower due to an increased need for iron, which makes less available the "nutrition" of the virus. In elderly or middle-aged patients with diabetes, pneumonia from COVID-19 has a higher incidence, therefore linked to increased Hb glycated in the blood, and therefore there is more "nourishment" for the virus.
The viral damage, therefore, is systemic, i.e., it affects the blood and is not confined to the lung alone. This would also explain the birth of healthy babies from COVID-19 positive mothers. Because in fetal Hb – stay with me, we will now use some technical concepts – two gamma chains replace the two beta chains, a difference is the presence of a residual serine, instead of a histidine present in the same position of the beta chain, probably responsible for the binding with viral proteins, which could mimic the action of 2,3bifosfoglycerate.
All this would explain the lower incidence and better course of the disease in infants, missing the main site of action of viral proteins, i.e., the beta chains of Hb. In short, in infants, the same concept of "nutrition" for the coronavirus is missing.
The same goes for a chronic pathology called Beta-thalassemia, where the "beta" chains of hemoglobin (the target of the virus) are deficient or even absent. This would demonstrate the lower incidence and better prognosis and course of the pathology in thalassaemic beta-thalassaemias, which in Italy are widespread in Mediterranean areas such as Puglia, Sicily, and Sardinia (particularly in the south) where there is a thalassaemia rate of 12% (alpha and beta). To confirm this theory, there is a scientific publication that has put in relation the subjects affected by beta-thalassaemia and COVID-19, in the data taken from PubMed: as of April 10, 2020, 11 cases of COVID-19 positive beta talassaemia were recorded in Northern Italy, where the rate of contagiousness is higher. Ten of them are affected by thalassaemia dependent on transfusion, the most severe form, only one by thalassaemia is not reliant on transfusion.
However, all patients who contracted the virus had comorbidities, very serious diseases: splenectomized, pulmonary hypertension, lymphoma, and chemotherapy. Despite this multi-pathological picture, there were no deaths, no cytokine storms, or severe SARS in the 11 subjects.
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For example, the central mechanism of action of hydroxychloroquine, and its effectiveness in combating COVID-19, can now be fully explained and understood. What this mechanism consists of is immediately stated: the drug, by binding itself permanently with ferriprotoporphyrin (of the Hb group Eme), removes the substrate from the viral proteins and also becomes an important means of prophylaxis. Although there are still no Italian publications on the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine as a "shield" from the virus, among the directors of infectious disease departments, specialists, primary care physicians, and general practitioners contacted during this research, many have admitted – under the subheading – to using the drug as a “prophylaxis”, i.e., to prevent contagion.
Healthcare professionals who are in close contact with infectious patients take the drug, Hydroxychloroquine in advance, precisely to decrease the likelihood of infection. For now, there is a recent publication, involving 211 people, to support this ”prophylactic” effect. It was published in the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, the official organ of the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Of 211 people exposed to COVID-19 positive individuals and prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine, none were infected.
Can post-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 be considered as an outbreak response strategy in long-term care hospitals?
In the context of the ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), management of exposure events is a concern. Long-term care hospi…
Finally, further confirmation of this hypothesis is provided by the data collected in the register of the SIR (Italian Society of Rheumatology). In order to evaluate the possible correlations between chronic patients and COVID-19 SIR interviewed 1,200 rheumatologists throughout Italy to collect statistics on contagions. Out of an audience of 65,000 chronic patients (Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis), who systematically take Plaquenil/hydroxychloroquine, only 20 patients tested positive for the virus. Nobody died, and nobody is in intensive care, according to the data collected so far.
I dont see vitamin A talked about much from the Drs but that Dr I linked and others that I follow do talk about Vitamin D
For some reason I take Vitamin A with Zinc but can’t remember why. It had to be something I read that said they should be taken together to deal with an ear issue I had which is why I originally bought it- ETD.
“Anecdotal!” screech the leftists.
No, HCQ can have side effects which are severe in some patients.
The problem right now is with the closure few doctors are taking new patients, even if they have cash.
Italy and COVID-19
Please, enlighten us as to the severe side effects and prevalence of said side effects.
Dunno about the prevelance, seems like it was maybe three or four men in every platoon. They’d have shakes and chills for maybe three days, and some ran fevers.
I was young and strong, and not one of the ones who got sick.
But we were all young and strong, so side effects are probably much more worrisome for people not in military shape and with a lot of years of accumulated living.
Probably any pharmaceutical site will give you the medical information if you look up hydroxychloroquine.
I wonder where you on chloroquine — that sounds more like the side effect profile. Hyrdoxycholorquine has very few side effects according to the people for whom I have given the drug. I have no experience with chloroquine, but I am under the impression that it was a rougher drug in terms of side effects.
I’m just curious how many Spaniards with incredibly clean aquariums got CIVID.
The military had moved to hydroxychloroquine by the end of the Carter administration, but the dosage was much higher than today’s civilian dosage.
Hydroxychloroquine has a half life of forty to sixty days. After two weeks at 400mg it’s effective for malaria for maybe forty days if you stop, but much longer if you keep taking 400mg per week.
A Marine line battalion on a little island in the Philippines might not be able to dose its personnel for a three month stretch. That requires filling up the troops till they almost puke.
I think logistics is much better now, so it’s unlikely that they still use such heavy doses.
Probably someone still in will read this thread and give a current update if the thread doesn’t get buried.
RE:Sounds likely, but where’s the original paper?
This might help:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092485792030145X?via=ihub
TITLE: Can post-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 be considered as an outbreak response strategy in long-term care hospitals?
The PDF version of this paper can be found on the above link as well.
In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, management of exposure events is a concern.
There was a large COVID-19 exposure event at a long-term care hospital in Korea.
Post-exposure prophylaxis using hydroxychloroquine was provided to 211 individuals.
Disease development was successfully prevented without severe adverse events.
VietNam malaria pill was Acloriquine-primaquine-phosphate.
Virtually every major drug discovered in the last century begin as an anecdote.
Then they observed how it performed on a larger scale before moving to double-blind, placebo- controlled trials.
Today’s standards for randomized controlled trials are a relatively new phenomena. Many of the revolutionary drugs that have transformed modern medicine were never subjected to RCTs. Funny, though, they still work quite well.
Thanks for your responses and God bless you for your service.
Thanks, but while I found the reference in Il Tempo to the report, that information was not sourced. I still can't find an original source. What I find instead are conservative websites repeating the supposed findings of the report.
While it would not surprise me if the report was true, I will think of it as fake news until proved otherwise.
I can tell you from personal experience that that degree of sarcasm, especially flying without a sarcasm tag, is going to leave you open to very bitter attacks.
I liken it to your auto mechanic refusing to give you the 3 dollar quart of oil until you can “prove” that your car engine is in trouble by a piston or two seizing up in their cylinders.
One of the smartest people I know, and the greatest boss I ever had, said: "Don't bring that crap in here and get us sick, too. Period."
I could look it up, but I'm interested in what you've seen.
This is one of the better posts I’ve seen about HCQ in the military.
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