Posted on 05/20/2011 12:45:28 PM PDT by decimon
Discovery could shed light on Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative disorders
GALVESTON, Texas — No one knows the cause of most cases of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative disorders. But researchers have found that certain factors are consistently associated with these debilitating conditions. One is DNA damage by reactive oxygen species, highly destructive molecules usually formed as a byproduct of cellular respiration. Another is the presence of excessive levels of copper and iron in regions of the brain associated with the particular disorder.
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston researchers have discovered how these two pieces of the neurodegenerative disease puzzle fit together, a connection they describe in a review article in the current Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. A high level of copper or iron, they say, can function as a "double whammy" in the brain by both helping generate large numbers of the DNA-attacking reactive oxygen species and interfering with the machinery of DNA repair that prevents the deleterious consequences of genome damage.
"It's been suggested that an imbalance of DNA damage and repair produces a buildup of unrepaired genetic damage that can initiate neurodegenerative pathology," said postdoctoral fellow Muralidhar Hegde, lead author of the paper. "We don't yet know enough about all the biochemical mechanisms involved, but we have found multiple toxic mechanisms linking elevated iron and copper levels in the brain and extensive DNA damage — pathological features associated with most neurodegenerative disorders."
Humans ordinarily have small amounts of iron and copper in their bodies — in fact, the elements are essential to health. But some people's tissues contain much larger quantities of iron or copper, which overwhelm the proteins that normally bind the metals and sequester them for safe storage. The result: so-called "free" iron or copper ions, circulating in the blood and able to initiate chemical reactions that produce reactive oxygen species.
"Reactive oxygen species cause the majority of the brain cell DNA damage that we see in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as most other neurodegenerative disorders," Hegde said. "It's bad enough if this damage occurs on one strand of the DNA double helix, but if both strands are damaged at locations close to each other you could have a double-strand break, which would be fatal to the cell."
Normally, special DNA repair enzymes would quickly mend the injury, restoring the genome's integrity. But experiments conducted by Hegde and his colleagues showed that iron and copper significantly interfere with the activity of two DNA repair enzymes, known as NEIL1 and NEIL2.
"Our results show that by inhibiting NEIL1 and NEIL2, iron and copper play an important role in the accumulation of DNA damage in neurodegenerative diseases," Hegde said.
The researchers got a surprise when they tested substances that bond to iron and copper and could protect NEIL1 from the metals. One of the strongest protective agents was the common South Asian spice curcumin, which also has been shown to have other beneficial health effects.
"The results from curcumin were quite beautiful, actually," Hegde said. "It was very effective in maintaining NEIL activity in cells exposed to both copper and iron."
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Other authors of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease paper include research associate Pavana Hegde; K.S. Rao, director of the Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services in Panama; and UTMB Professor Sankar Mitra. The United States Public Health Service and the American Parkinson's Disease Association supported this research.
ABOUT UTMB Health: Established in 1891, Texas' first academic health center comprises four health sciences schools, three institutes for advanced study, a research enterprise that includes one of only two national laboratories dedicated to the safe study of infectious threats to human health, and a health system offering a full range of primary and specialized medical services throughout Galveston County and the Texas Gulf Coast region. UTMB Health is a component of the University of Texas System and a member of the Texas Medical Center.
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Public Affairs Office 301 University Boulevard, Suite 3.102 Galveston, Texas 77555-0144 www.utmb.edu
Ping
Was it the old Geritol ads that warned of “iron deficiency anemia?” Wonder if that’s a potential downside of curcumin.
If you can still remember to. ;-)
No. If you keep your skillet properly cured, and use enough fat during cooking, the food should never touch iron.
I use a good non-stick skillet, because I'm too lazy to properly care for cast iron.
Possibly the best skillets are cheap steel. Inexpensive, so quickly wearing-out doesn't matter. Steel also is harder, so shouldn't shed it's components into the food.
A 12 inch, cast iron skillet is the only proper way to make corn bread; or use those cast iron muffin pans.
Don’t have time to find the links now, but black tea has been found to remove excess iron from the body.
So have a cup and keep your mind! :)
/johnny
Cumin and curcumin are entirely different.
You sound like Grand Pa Jones on HE-HAW!
Hawg Meat with all the fixings.
Yee HAW!
Enjoy
Caddis the Elder
It has long been known that the body typically maintains a very careful balance of metals. But various metals have interactions with, and “enemies” of other metals, which they prefer to bind with as a molecule no longer useable by the body.
Copper, for example, is essential to convert the body’s iron into hemoglobin. It is also essential for the metabolism of Vitamin C. In addition to foods, it is also found in cigarettes and birth control pills.
Excess copper is quite toxic, but removing the excess from the body is tricky, and can cause many side effects:
http://www.drlwilson.com/articles/copper%20elimination.htm
And it is pretty typical for metals, some of which, like sodium, calcium, and potassium, can be very dangerous to imbalance.
I’d think that curcumin is safe enough given its common usage. But...maybe it does serve to delete such as needed iron. I don’t know.
Curcumin, as such, is very potent, but is so strongly metabolized in the liver that much of the harm it could cause is to some degree mitigated. However, caution is advised, as people seem to have an uncanny ability to take otherwise harmless substances and make them dangerous, or even lethal.
(.pdf file, “The Dark Side Of Curcumin”)
Thanks.
I don’t take curcumin straight but add some turmeric to some foods.
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