Hope all is well.
Posted on 12/12/2005 5:46:23 PM PST by Chairman_December_19th_Society
We will not tire, we will not falter, and we will not fail!
Good evening!!
Do not let the victims of the attacks on New York and Washington, nor the brave members of our Nation's military who have given their lives to protect our freedom, die in vain!!
This is the 1787th day that ATRW has run an edition, and that was the year of our Lord in which the United States Constitution was presented to the several states for ratification. So it seems fitting that a pivotal Constitutional case has been brought before the Supreme Court.
The case, actually it is the merger of four cases into one, surrounds the interpretation of the Apportionment Clause in Article I Section 2 of the Constitution.
The language in question reads:
The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative...
The Supreme Court took the case after lower courts had heard various suits brought about because of a certain set of activities in the state of Texas over the last few years.
Basically, the events unfolded in the following way. In 2000, the United States conducted its decinial census, and passed the relevent results along to the state of Texas, so it could undertake the requirements of redistricting to meet its new representative apportionment, as required by the Constitution. The state did so, and used the boundaries drawn for the 2002 election. Fifteen Republicans, out of 32 seats, were elected to Congress.
Republicans had attempted to change the districting map as being unfair, since their numbers had swelled in the state. If you recall, this sparked the infamous and cowardice flight of the other party to the great state of Oklahoma, who refused to extradite the miscreants. In any event, the GOP took control of the state's legislature, and passed a new districting map. As a result, the GOP gained six seats in the 2004 elections, and the losing party filed a number of lawsuits, four of which had sufficient merit in their writs of citiori to find favor, at least for a hearing, with the Supreme Court.
What is at issue is the fact that Texas did, legally, undertake two redistrictings during a single census cycle. Now whether that is an historic first is hard to say, but it is safe to say it is not a regular occurrence, and it is fair to understand why the other side is up in a wad over this.
But, is it against the rules? Refer back to the pertinent clause from the Constitution, the alleged guiding document of the Republic--alleged, because there have been some rights, such as abortion, that have been created from whole cloth (as an aside, this writer does believe there is an implied right to privacy in the Constitution, and it is in the Fourth Amendment, but that it was wrongly used to decide Roe, but that's another rant).
The Constitution clearly spells out the requirement to conduct a census. It also very clearly states that, after the first one, there shall be a regular occurrence of the census at ten year intervals. There is also the requirements levied upon all member states of the Union that it abide by the results of the census (implied) as the basis for conducting their apportionments (explicit) to determine the number of representatives that it will send to Congress.
It is also very clear the states must draw only a certain number of districts, and that such is determined by law by the Congress--currently set at 435 nationally. Amendment XIV amplifies upon this process with the one-man one-vote notion, and the Census Bureau, by Act of Congress, is responsible for determining the minimum and average district sizes to comply with that mandate, while sticking to the Congressional maximum of 435 seats. This is the apportionment of representatives, or apportionment, for short.
It is equally clear and distinct that it is only the census that may be used to determine the correct apportionment, and that states must use this information to create only a specific number of districts.
It is also abundently clear from the text of the Constitution that there is no limit as to the number of times that a given state, within the confines of the decenial period of the census, may undertake an redistricting process to determine how the state will be divided up in its representation.
Let's state that again--states may, within the context of Article I Section 2 of the United States Constitution, undertake as many redistrictings during a decenial census period as they like.
Now it has been custom, and indeed the custom has been written into many a state law, that the redistricting takes place only once every 10 years, after the census, and is binding for the balance of the census period. But laws within a state cannot, as a matter of juridictional principle, bind the state's legislature, either the current one or any in the future. It need only pass another law.
Indeed, it is from this precept that several states have redistricting clauses in their state constitutions, but they are of somewhat dubious jurisdictinoal value due to the supremecy of the United States Constitution, and the fact that it does speak to the subject.
Nevertheless, the left may have a point (yes, it's a stretch, but every once in a while the incongruent ramblings of the incoherent leftist rabble will, just out of shear random luck, actually put together two pieces of thought and form a point--so mark it on a calendar as it will not likely happen again for a long time to come). With a literal reading of the Constitution, then chaos could reign among the states regarding redistricting; every time the power structure changed in a state, regardless of the position in the decenial census cycle, redistricting could occur. It is equally true that the GOP should be careful of what it asks for as it might just get it.
But the argument is facetious on two counts.
First off, the Constitution is the organic law of the Nation. Organic law is that law which is most fundamental, that from which all other law must derive, thus its words are fundamental. And those words DO NOT include anything about a time requirement for redistricting.
Second, again with a literal reading of Article I Section 2, it is entirely possible that Congress could, and should, settle the matter with its own legislation. It can be argued, one could say persuasively, that Congress, because of the "in such manner as by law they shall direct" language, could tie the apportionment and redistricting processes together. Nevertheless, it is not, even in that manner, Constitutionally constrained, because it is not there.
Henry Hyde has been quoted as saying "facts are stubborn things," and the fact is the Constitution is silent on the question of the frequency of redistricting, and no manner of ranting and raving by anyone, from the right or from the left, will make it appear. Only a Constitutional Amendment can put it there, and none is is the works. The Supreme Court should find likewise, but in this era of finding unknown and heretofore unprinted language in the Constitution, it is hard to say.
Here's hoping the Roberts Court takes a stride back to the words that actually appear in the Constitution.
For AMERICA - The Right Way, I remain yours in the Cause, the Chairman.
I know how heartsore you are when you lose a beloved family member like a precious dog, whether it is sudden or after a long illness. A dear friend gave me the children's book "Dog Heaven", and it made such a difference to read it after our first dog's death, even though I couldn't read it for years without Kleenex handy.
Just know that you gave him the tremendous gift of caring love during his life, and that kind of love doesn't end with death.
My prayers and thoughts are STILL with you as you grieve. Your loss is my pain, too.
You always find the most perfect graphics and sentiments; you have a true talent, and it is MOST appreciated! (Especially by us "less-abled" computer users, LOL!)
After I read your posts, I usually just want to write WLS: "What Lysie Said". :)
Thank you. You express yourself perfectly and I wish I could do that more often. Words just don't seem to jump from my head to the post.
I hope the crows win...after all they are The Raven's cousins...
On the way back from taking Sarah to work I saw a bald eagle flying over our river with the prettiest of colors of the sunrise on his white head.
Wish I had a camera with me. Gorgeous!!
Praying. Thanks for the post.
Dear Dolly - I am so sorry for the loss of your Oliver. It doesn't seem strange to me at all that you have kept his body with you a little longer. I have lost many dogs and it is absolutely heartbreaking. Please accept my condolences.
Hope all is well.
I try to watch them as much as I can. Last night was a radical departure from their norm. They have been trashing the President for as long as he has been in office and before. Their slanting is outrageous, but last evening I saw a quite different presentation, and I kept looking for the so called punchline.
I kept asking myself why are they being so positive. I had to conclude that they see what is really happening over there, and many of their prior broadcasts are beginning to look rather foolish.
This vote in Iraq this week is going to make a lot of the critics look foolish.
/john
/john
Saddam was pulled from his spider hole on December 13th and it was announced on Dec 14th.
So Happy Spider Hole Day!!!
This morning I heard that "Tookie" has a son, who is also in prison in CA. The prison the son is being held in was shut down yesterday/today because the guards had word that the Crips and Bloods in that prison were going to gang together and go after them.
Nice to know that "Tookie" raised such a caring, thoughtful son - right!
You know kids...open a can of Chef-Boyardee or Franco-American. *g*
I'm so glad you posted that about ABC and Iraq last night. Like you, I haven't watched their news in literally years. But I'd read so many hopeful things about Iraq yesterday, I decided to watch to see what it is my parents watch each evening.
To my great delight, it was a VERY positive report. So much so that my mother mentioned it today when I took her shopping. She came pretty close to saying I was right. LOL
I've taken my mom shopping today, based dozens of cookies, baked a bread for a young lady in our neighborhood who is suffering from post partum depression, and gone grocery shopping. We haven't finished our cards yet, but we'll get to work on them after dinner.
Hope all your family's appointments went well... for you and them.
I got 14 eggs today, big ole brown eggs.
Been watching for Santa snooping around, my room is on the second floor, if my ladder is at my window in the morning, I will confess.
Getting
Us
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.