Gods, Graves, Glyphs Weekly Digest #165 Saturday, September 15, 2007
|
Prehistory and Origins
|
Turns out Neanderthals had good oral hygiene
|
|
Posted by Renfield On General/Chat 09/13/2007 7:14:34 AM EDT · 14 replies · 138+ views
MSNBC | 9-11-2007 Two molar teeth of around 63,400 years old show that Neanderthal predecessors of humans may have been dental hygiene fans, the Web site of newspaper El Pais reported on Tuesday. The teeth have "grooves formed by the passage of a pointed object, which confirms the use of a small stick for cleaning the mouth," Paleontology Professor Juan Luis Asuarga told reporters, presenting an archaeological find in Madrid. The fossils, unearthed in Pinilla del Valle, are the first human examples found in the Madrid region in 25 years, the regional government's culture department said.......
|
|
|
Dramatic climate shift didn't kill Neanderthals
|
|
Posted by Renfield On General/Chat 09/13/2007 7:11:20 AM EDT · 26 replies · 203+ views
MSNBC | 9-12-07 | Michael Kahn LONDON - Neanderthals probably fell victim to taller and superior Cro-Magnons rather than catastrophic climate change, researchers said on Wednesday. Using a new method to calibrate carbon-14 dating, the international team found the last Neanderthals died at least 3,000 years before a major change in temperatures occurred. This suggests either modern humans or a combination of humans and less severe climate change caused the species' demise some 30,000 years ago, said Chronis Tzedakis, a paleoecologist at the University of Leeds, who led the study published in the journal Nature.....
|
|
Climate
|
Studying Evidence From Ice Age Lakes
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/11/2007 7:25:24 PM EDT · 20 replies · 550+ views
Science Daily | 9-11-2007 | Geological Survey of Norway Source: Geological Survey of Norway Date: September 11, 2007 Studying Evidence From Ice Age Lakes Science Daily -- During the last Ice Age, the ice dammed enormous lakes in Russia. The drainage system was reversed several times and the rivers flowed southwards. A group of geologists is now investigating what took place when the ice melted and the lakes released huge volumes of fresh water into the Arctic Ocean. 'The ice-dammed lakes in Russia were larger than the largest lakes we know today,' Eiliv Larsen, a geologist at the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), tells me. He is in charge...
|
|
Ancient Europe
|
Prehistoric Find Located Beneath The Waves (Switzerland)
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/11/2007 11:20:43 AM EDT · 21 replies · 734+ views
Swiss Info | 9-10-2007 September 10, 2007 - 12:35 PMPrehistoric find located beneath the waves Archaeologists have discovered traces of Switzerland's oldest known building, but it will never draw tourists: it lies underwater in the middle of a lake. Since it was made of wood scientists used dendrochronology -- the technique of dating by tree rings -- to give a precise figure of 3863 BC. The find in Lake Biel, northwest of the Swiss capital, Bern, was described as 'sensational' by Albert Hafner, who is in charge of underwater archaeology in the region. Divers working for the cantonal archaeological service came upon the site...
|
|
Megaliths and Archaeoastronomy
|
Barbarians Get Sophisticated (Nebra "Sky Disk")
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 11/16/2003 2:25:46 PM EST · 26 replies · 2,325+ views
US News | 11-16-2003 | Andrew Curry Barbarians get sophisticated By Andrew Curry BERLIN--For something so small, the "sky disk" has made quite an impact here. Not even a foot across, the 5-pound bronze disk is embossed in gold leaf with intricate images of the sun, moon, and 32 stars. In the plate's center is a representation of the star cluster Pleiades, which appears in the sky around the autumnal equinox and signaled the arrival of harvest season. What's most amazing is its age. More than 3,500 years old, the sky disk may well be the most important Bronze Age find in decades. Treasure hunters found it...
|
|
Ancient Autopsies
|
Bog Mummies Yield Secrets
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/10/2007 1:27:42 PM EDT · 29 replies · 912+ views
Science Daily | 9-10-2007 | North Dakota State University Source: North Dakota State University Date: September 10, 2007 Bog Mummies Yield Secrets Science Daily -- Human remains yield secrets. Researchers, including Dr. Heather Gill-Robinson, assistant professor of anthropology at North Dakota State University, are now probing the secrets of 'bog mummies' some dating back 2000 years, preserved from the Iron Age with amazing detail in peat bogs of Europe. Dr. Heather Gill-Robinson of North Dakota State University, Fargo, studies several peat bog mummies in her research, including Damendorf man, discovered near Damendorf, Germany in 1900. Using CT scanning and other technology, Dr. Gill-Robinson has identified five lower vertebrae, a...
|
|
The Vikings
|
Viking queen exhumed to solve mystery
|
|
Posted by NormsRevenge On News/Activism 09/10/2007 1:23:45 PM EDT · 21 replies · 1,043+ views
Reuters on Yahoo | 9/10/07 | Alister Doyle SLAGEN, Norway (Reuters) - Archaeologists exhumed the body of a Viking queen on Monday, hoping to solve a riddle about whether a woman buried with her 1,200 years ago was a servant killed to be a companion into the afterlife. As a less gruesome alternative, the two women in the grass-covered Oseberg mound in south Norway might be a royal mother and daughter who died of the same disease and were buried together in 834. "We will do DNA tests to try to find out. I don't know of any Viking skeletons that have been analyzed as we plan to...
|
|
Navigation
|
Builder Found Vikings Washed Up At Pub
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/09/2007 6:20:35 PM EDT · 34 replies · 1,565+ views
Timesonline | 9-10-2007 | Jack Malvern September 10, 2007 Builder found Vikings washed up at pubJack Malvern Archaeologists believe they have found the only intact Viking boat in Britain beneath the patio of a Merseyside pub. The 10th-century vessel was discovered in the 1930s by builders excavating the basement of the Railway Inn on the Wirral peninsula, but they covered it up because they feared an archaeological dig would disrupt their work. The boat would have been forgotten had one of the builders not reported his discovery to his son, who passed the information on to academics at Nottingham University. Stephen Harding, of the university's archaeology...
|
|
Rome and Italy
|
Archaeologists Find Ancient Tunnel Used By Jews To Escape Roman Conquest Of Jerusalem
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/09/2007 6:30:54 PM EDT · 42 replies · 1,246+ views
IHT | 9-9-2007 | AP Archeologists find ancient tunnel used by Jews to escape Roman conquest of Jerusalem The Associated PressPublished: September 9, 2007 JERUSALEM: Israeli archeologists on Sunday said they've stumbled upon the site of one of the great dramatic scenes of the Roman sacking of Jerusalem 2,000 years ago: the subterranean drainage channel Jews used to escape from the city's Roman conquerors. The ancient tunnel was dug beneath what would become the main road of Jerusalem in the days of the second biblical Temple, which the Romans destroyed in the year 70, the dig's directors, archaeology Professor Ronny Reich of the University of...
|
|
Let's Have Jerusalem
|
Trashing Jewish Holy Sites--The shameful Palestinian treatment of the Temple Mount.
|
|
Posted by SJackson On News/Activism 09/14/2007 1:51:36 PM EDT · 7 replies · 198+ views
Frontpagemagazine | 9-14-07 | Steve Feldman Every time someone daubs a swastika or anti-Semitic epithet on a synagogue in any American city, there is a quick, firm and loud condemnation from Jewish leaders, 'watchdog' agencies, even leaders of other faiths and usually government officials. Yet remarkably, as the holiest site in all of Judaism and its rich antiquities are deliberately and methodically desecrated and even obliterated, there is barely a peep, though mostly no outcry at all. How can this be? For those who may be unaware, the Temple Mount is the site in Jerusalem of both the First Temple and the Second Temple -- which...
|
|
|
OLMERT GOVERNMENT MUST STOP DESTRUCTION OF JEWISH ANTIQUITIES
|
|
Posted by SJackson On News/Activism 09/09/2007 10:26:32 AM EDT · 3 replies · 98+ views
IMRA | 9-9-07 | Morton A. Klein Zionist Organization of America Jacob & Libby Goodman ZOA House, 4 East 34th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016 (212) 481-1500 Fax: (212) 481-1515 email@zoa.org www.zoa.org September 7, 2007 Contact Morton A. Klein at: (212) 481-1500 Attn: NEWS EDITOR ZOA writes to Olmert ZOA: OLMERT GOVERNMENT MUST STOP DESTRUCTION OF JEWISH ANTIQUITIES ON JERUSALEM'S TEMPLE MOUNT BY MUSLIM AUTHORITIES New York -- The Zionist Organization of America (ZOA) has written to Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert urging him to immediately take action to stop the wanton destruction of priceless Jewish antiquities on Jerusalem's Temple Mount by the Waqf, the Muslim religious...
|
|
|
Silence in the Face of Continued Temple Mount Destruction
|
|
Posted by SmithL On News/Activism 09/07/2007 3:52:28 PM EDT · 6 replies · 382+ views
Arutz Sheva - IsraelNationalNews | 9/7/7 | Hillel Fendel As an Arab bulldozer continues to dig away at the current Temple Mount floor, evidence is mounting that actual walls from the Second Temple are being destroyed. The world is silent, while Prime Ministerâ Olmert continues talks with the Palestinian Authority regarding future sovereignty over the holy area.The actual digging, under the auspices of the Moslem Waqf [religious trust to which Israel has assigned responsibility for the Temple Mount - ed.], has been ongoing for several weeks.â Only over the past 8-10 days, however, has attention been paid to the dangers of the barely supervised works.â The Waqf claims that the...
|
|
|
Fracas Erupts Over Book on Mideast by a Barnard Professor Seeking Tenure
|
|
Posted by Cincinna On News/Activism 09/12/2007 4:01:09 AM EDT · 27 replies · 761+ views
The New York Times | September 10, 2007 | KAREN W. ARENSON A tenure bid by an assistant professor of anthropology at Barnard College who has critically examined the use of archaeology in Israel has put Columbia University once again at the center of a struggle over scholarship on the Middle East. The professor, Nadia Abu El-Haj, who is of Palestinian descent, has been at Barnard since 2002 and has won many awards and grants, including a Fulbright scholarship and fellowships at Harvard and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. Barnard has already approved her for tenure, officials said, and forwarded its recommendation to Columbia University, its affiliate, which has...
|
|
BAR: Finds or Fakes?
|
Analysis of Photographs, The Ivory Pomegranate Inscription
|
|
Posted by SunkenCiv On General/Chat 09/11/2007 10:46:24 AM EDT · 13 replies · 224+ views
Biblical Archaeology Review | May 2007 | Hershel Shanks The microscopic image was projected onto a screen as all watched in darkness. It appeared that Lemaire was right. The letter extended into the break. Demsky and Ahituv admitted that the committee report was "mistaken" in concluding that the letter stopped artificially short of the break... But, alas, this letter is adjacent to one of the modern breaks, not the ancient break. Had the letter stopped short of the break, as originally argued by Ahituv, Demsky and Goren, this would have been clear evidence of a forgery. But because the applicable break was a modern break, the fact that the...
|
|
|
NYT: Israel Indicts 4 in 'Brother of Jesus' Hoax and Other Forgeries
|
|
Posted by OESY On News/Activism 12/30/2004 1:01:34 PM EST · 24 replies · 807+ views
New York Times | December 30, 2004 | GREG MYRE JERUSALEM, Dec. 29 - The Israeli police filed criminal indictments on Wednesday against four antiquities collectors, accusing them of forging biblical artifacts, many so skillfully that they fooled experts. Some were even celebrated briefly as being among the most significant Christian and Jewish relics ever unearthed. The police and the Israel Antiquities Authority said their investigation had focused on several major forgeries, including a limestone burial box, or ossuary, bearing an inscription that suggested that it held the remains of Jesus' brother James. The Antiquities Authority declared the ossuary a forgery last year. The authorities also described as counterfeit a...
|
|
|
Biblical forgery case in court...
|
|
Posted by crushelits On News/Activism 12/29/2004 11:11:39 PM EST · 55 replies · 1,021+ views
msnbc.msn.com | Dec. 29, 2004 | AP International News This undated photo released by the Israel Museum on Dec. 24 shows a forgedâ ivory pomegranateâ that had been thought to be the only surviving relic from Solomon's Temple. Israel accuses 4 of forging trove of biblical artifacts Sophisticated fakes were hailed as important archeological discoveries. JERUSALEM - Israeli police indicted four antique dealers and collectors Wednesday for allegedly running a sophisticated forgery ring that created a trove of fake biblical artifacts, including some hailed as among the most important archaeological objects ever uncovered in the region.The forged items include an ivory pomegranate touted by scholars as the only relic...
|
|
|
Only Existing First Temple Relic May Be Forged
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 03/26/2004 10:48:44 PM EST · 14 replies · 244+ views
Haaretz Daily | 3-26-2004 | Amiram Barkat Last Update: 26/03/2004 08:08 Only existing First Temple relic may be forged By Amiram Barkat, Haaretz Correspondent Investigators for the Israel Antiquities Authority have been informed that a precious Ivory Pomegranate, on display at the Israel Museum since 1988, is a forgery. On the basis of an inscription it had been dated from the period of the First Temple, 10th century BCE. However, it is information on the origin of the inscription that has raised doubts about the authenticity of the item. The Antiquities Authority refused to reveal the origins and nature of the information it holds. The inscription, completed...
|
|
Helix, Make Mine a Double
|
In Lebanon, DNA may yet heal rifts
|
|
Posted by Pharmboy On News/Activism 09/09/2007 11:12:40 PM EDT · 13 replies · 439+ views
Reuters via Yahoo | 9-9-07 | Anon Lebanese geneticist Pierre Zalloua takes a saliva sample form a Lebanese man to test his DNA in a university laboratory near Byblos ancient city in north Lebanon, in this August 17, 2007 file photo. Zalloua following the genetic footprint of the ancient Phoenicians says he has traced their modern-day descendants, but stumbled into an old controversy about identity in his country. (Jamal Saidi/Files/Reuters) A Lebanese scientist following the genetic footprint of the ancient Phoenicians says he has traced their modern-day descendants, but stumbled into an old controversy about identity in his country. Geneticist Pierre Zalloua has charted the spread...
|
|
Asia
|
700-Year-Old Tree Coffin Discovered In Quang Tri
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/09/2007 6:25:29 PM EDT · 61 replies · 1,077+ views
Vietnam Net Bridge | 9-4-2007 700-year-old tree coffin discovered in Quang Tri 17:43' 04/09/2007 (GMT+7) VietNamNet Bridge -- The Quang Tri Museum has recently received an ancient coffin made from a tree trunk, according to the museum's director, Mai Truong Manh. The coffin was discovered on August 28 in Trung Chi village, Dong Luong ward, Dong Ha commune at 1.2 m underground when local residents were digging for the construction of an electricity post. The coffin is 2.25 m in length, 0.49 m in width and 0.28 m in height with the body and lid skillfully done. According to experts, burying the dead in tree...
|
|
Faith and Philosophy
|
1,300-Year-Old SKorean Buddha Unearthed Intact
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/12/2007 3:28:26 PM EDT · 11 replies · 437+ views
Yahoo.com | 9-11-2007 1,300-year-old SKorean Buddha unearthed intact Tue Sep 11, 2:05 AM ET SEOUL (AFP) - A 70-ton granite statue of Buddha, which toppled over face-down 1,300 years ago in South Korea, has been unearthed with its features intact. The 5.6-metre (18-foot) sculpture was in May found buried in the southeastern city of Gyeongju and has been partially unearthed after months of work, news reports said Tuesday. The nose missed a rock by only five centimetres when the statue toppled, the English-language JoongAng Daily quoted specialists as saying. "It was a miracle that the Buddha's face was saved by only five centimetres,"...
|
|
Sports Medicine
|
Ancient Humans Walked But 'Struggled To Run'
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/11/2007 10:51:26 AM EDT · 30 replies · 587+ views
The Telegraph (UK) | 9-11-2007 | Roger Highfield and Nic Fleming Ancient humans walked but 'struggled to run' By Roger Highfield and Nic Fleming Last Updated: 12:01pm BST 11/09/2007 Ancient humans almost certainly walked upright on two legs millions of years ago but may have struggled to run at even half the speed of modern man, according to computer simulations. A University of Manchester study - presented to the British Association for the Advancement of Science Festival of Science in York- proposes that if early humans lacked an Achilles tendon, as modern chimps and gorillas do, then their ability to run would have been severely compromised. Our early ancestors preferred to...
|
|
Diet, Food, Recipes
|
Study Finds Evidence of Genetic Response to Diet
|
|
Posted by neverdem On News/Activism 09/09/2007 10:48:53 PM EDT · 10 replies · 339+ views
NY Times | September 10, 2007 | NICHOLAS WADE Could people one day evolve to eat rich food while remaining perfectly slim and svelte? This may not be so wild a fantasy. It is becoming clear that the human genome does respond to changes in diet, even though it takes many generations to do so. Researchers studying the enzyme that converts starch to simple sugars like glucose have found that people living in countries with a high-starch diet produce considerably more of the enzyme than people who eat a low-starch diet. The reason is an evolutionary one. People in high-starch countries have many extra copies of the amylase gene...
|
|
Biology and Cryptobiology
|
Ancient whale fall from California's Ano Nuevo Island one of youngest, most complete known
|
|
Posted by decimon On News/Activism 09/13/2007 5:23:17 PM EDT · 10 replies · 561+ views
EurekAlert | 13-Sep-2007 | Robert Sanders 11 million to 15 million-year-old fossil whale puts limit on origin of oily, buoyant bones in whalesBerkeley -- A fossilized whale skeleton excavated 20 years ago amid the stench and noise of a seabird and elephant seal rookery on California's Ano Nuevo Island turns out to be the youngest example on the Pacific coast of a fossil whale fall and the first in California, according to University of California, Berkeley, paleontologists. Whale falls, first recognized in the 1980s, are whale carcasses that fall to the deep-ocean floor where, like an oasis in the desert, they attract a specialized group of...
|
|
Sunken Civilizations
|
Marine Team Finds Surprising Evidence Supporting A Great Biblical Flood
|
|
Posted by Ben Mugged On News/Activism 09/10/2007 11:00:41 AM EDT · 25 replies · 1,284+ views
Science Daily | September 10, 2007 | Unattributed Did the great flood of Noah's generation really occur thousands of years ago? Was the Roman city of Caesarea destroyed by an ancient tsunami? Will pollution levels in our deep seas remain forever a mystery? ~snip~ "When I was looking for a partner, I needed to find a team of marine scientists who were leaders in their fields," says Weil, a Swedish environmental philanthropist who helped conceive and fund the idea of giving a free, floating marine research lab to any scientist who needed it. "I didn't want us to be just another Greenpeace group of environmental activists. My dream...
|
|
Stone Age Redux
|
Sneak-Peek of the New 10,000 B.C. Movie Trailer
|
|
Posted by Red Badger On News/Activism 09/10/2007 8:19:46 AM EDT · 18 replies · 1,117+ views
www.movieweb.com | 09/10/2007 | Staff Coming in MARCH 2008, a movies about pre-historic times........
|
|
Longer Perspectives
|
Not quite real, but not junk either
|
|
Posted by Lorianne On General/Chat 09/11/2007 8:11:04 PM EDT · 3 replies · 92+ views
Baltimore Sun | September 9, 2007 | Laura Vozzella They're knock-offs. But knock-offs of priceless works of art, and the fickle world of fine art can't seem to decide where they belong. Main hall of the Metropolitan Museum of Art? Or leaky warehouse in Queens? Hundreds of plaster replicas of Greek statues and Renaissance sculptures - made in the 1800s so American art students could see the great works without schlepping to Europe - have lived in climate-controlled glory and U-Haul hell as they've fallen in and out of fashion. Six of the pieces moved yet again, this time to a Baltimore art studio, where they're getting the type...
|
|
Middle Ages and Renaissance
|
Medieval Women 'Had Girl Power'
|
|
Posted by blam On News/Activism 09/11/2007 11:28:04 AM EDT · 42 replies · 1,118+ views
BBC | 9-11-2007 Medieval women 'had girl power' Books, songs and legal documents were studied A new study by an academic says that "girl power" was alive and kicking around 600 years ago. Dr Sue Niebrzydowski at Bangor university said medieval women enjoyed a golden era with a greater life expectancy than men. "We found women running priories, commissioning books, taking early package tours to visit the Holy Land," she said. She added women were also defending their property and property rights. Dr Niebrzydowski's research involving middle aged women in the middle ages will be discussed at a conference at the university on...
|
|
Bardic Transom
|
Coalition aims to expose Shakespeare
|
|
Posted by nickcarraway On General/Chat 09/09/2007 12:31:03 AM EDT · 37 replies · 308+ views
Yahoo | Sat Sep 8 | D'ARCY DORAN LONDON - The bard, or not the bard, that is the question. Some of Britain's most distinguished Shakespearean actors have reopened the debate over whether William Shakespeare, a 16th century commoner raised in an illiterate household in Stratford-upon-Avon, wrote the plays that bear his name. Acclaimed actor Derek Jacobi and Mark Rylance, the former artistic director of Shakespeare's Globe Theater in London, unveiled a "Declaration of Reasonable Doubt" on the authorship of Shakespeare's work Saturday, following the final matinee of "I am Shakespeare," a play investigating the bard's identity, in Chichester, southern England. A small academic industry has developed around...
|
|
Oh So Mysterioso
|
Michelangelo Frescoes of the Sistine Chapel Contain Divinely-Encoded Images of the Shroud of Turin
|
|
Posted by Between the Lines On Religion 09/13/2007 12:14:42 PM EDT · 32 replies · 443+ views
Christian News Wire | Sept. 13, 2007 RALEIGH, Nc., Sept. 13 - A new discovery reveals a "mystery" never before seen. Investigative researcher Philip E. Dayvault, of Raleigh, NC, found in 2003 that the famed Sistine Chapel Ceiling fresco, painted by Michelangelo in 1512 and located at the Vatican in Rome, Italy, is also painted in allegory. Although the central panels of the Ceiling, or "historicals", are illustrated for literal interpretation, they also contain unique symbolic expression. Once decoded, Dayvault discovered that this expression graphically depicts the Shroud of Turin, in full and complete order. The Shroud of Turin is the traditional burial cloth of Jesus Christ....
|
|
Early America
|
THIS DAY IN HISTORY: The Battle of Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813
|
|
Posted by 1rudeboy On General/Chat 09/10/2007 11:55:48 AM EDT · 10 replies · 136+ views
assorted | assorted We have met the enemy and they are ours: Two Ships, two Brigs, one Schooner & one Sloop. Yours, with great respect and esteemO.H. Perry. With these words, 28 year old Oliver Hazard Perry gave notice that the British would never again be a naval power on the Great Lakes, and would be forced to resupply Fort Detroit (earlier lost by the U.S.--in fact, you could say that the British were kicking our butts up and down the continent) by land, through what now is Ontario. Apart from his decisive, and strategic, victory Perry is remembered for transferring his...
|
|
Thoroughly Modern Miscellany
|
Joust married: Bride weds her knight in shining armour at medieval ceremony
|
|
Posted by Lorianne On General/Chat 09/11/2007 11:58:14 PM EDT · 52 replies · 577+ views
Daily Mail | 11th September 2007 | Colin Fernandez There hasn't been a wedding like it for quite some time. About seven centuries, in fact. The bride arrived riding side saddle on a white mare in a dress made from 270 feet of silk. And waiting for her was her knight in shining armour - £10,000 of hand-forged steel trimmed with brass and velvet. The scene was the wedding of Sian Jenkins and Rupert Hammerton - Fraser, who are so fascinated by the Middle Ages that they recreated a medieval ceremony down to the minutest detail - the bride even promised to be "bonny and buxom in bed", a...
|
|
|
And the Title of Indiana Jones 4 Is....
|
|
Posted by pcottraux On General/Chat 09/10/2007 9:46:50 PM EDT · 54 replies · 459+ views
film.com | Sept. 10 Hot off the presses, the title for the new Indiana Jones 4 film starring Shia LaBeouf and Harrison Ford. Ready for it? Drum roll please... The title is: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull Here at film.com let us be the first to call this "IJatKotCS" in the grand tradition of LOTR:FotR and POTC: At World's End. This title also gives me hope that there will be skulls everywhere on set, preferably crystal ones. Or will it just be one giant skull of the crystal variety? We'll keep you in the loop either way.
|
|
end of digest #165 20070915
|