the 24th Amendment

Constitution of the United States, via FindLaw et al ^ | proposed August 27, 1962, ratified January 23, 1964 | The Framers et al

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Section 1. : The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

Section 2. : The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

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FindLaw's commentary: Ratification of the Twenty-fourth Amendment marked the culmination of an endeavor begun in Congress in 1939 to effect elimination of the poll tax as a qualification for voting in federal elections. Property qualifications extend back to colonial days, but the poll tax itself as a qualification was instituted in eleven States of the South following the end of Reconstruction, although at the time of the ratification of this Amendment only five States still retained it. Congress viewed the qualification as ''an obstacle to the proper exercise of a citizen's franchise'' and expected its removal to ''provide a more direct approach to participation by more of the people in their government.'' Congress similarly thought a constitutional amendment necessary, inasmuch as the qualifications had previously escaped constitutional challenge on several grounds. However, not long after ratification of the Amendment Congress by statute had impuned the continuing validity of the poll tax as a qualification in state elections and the Supreme Court had voided it as a violation of the equal protection clause.

In Harman v. Forssenius, the Court struck down a Virginia statute which eliminated the poll tax as an absolute qualification for voting in federal elections and gave federal voters the choice either of paying the tax or of filing a certificate of residence six months before the election. Viewing the latter requirement as imposing upon voters in federal elections an onerous procedural requirement which was not imposed on those who continued to pay the tax, the Court unanimously held the law to conflict with the new Amendment by penalizing those who chose to exercise a right guaranteed them by the Amendment.

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WikiPedia commentary: Congress proposed the Twenty-fourth Amendment on August 27, 1962. The following states ratified the amendment:

1. Illinois -- November 14, 1962
2. New Mexico -- December 3, 1962
3. Oregon -- January 25, 1963
4. Montana -- January 28, 1963
5. West Virginia -- February 1, 1963
6. New York -- February 4, 1963
7. Maryland -- February 6, 1963
8. California -- February 7, 1963
9. Alaska -- February 11, 1963
10. Rhode Island -- February 14, 1963
11. Indiana -- February 19, 1963
12. Utah -- February 20, 1963
13. Michigan -- February 20, 1963
14. Colorado -- February 21, 1963
15. Ohio -- February 27, 1963
16. Minnesota -- February 27, 1963
17. New Jersey -- March 5, 1963
18. Hawaii -- March 6, 1963
19. North Dakota -- March 7, 1963
20. Idaho -- March 8, 1963
21. Washington -- March 14, 1963
22. Vermont -- March 15, 1963
23. Nevada -- March 19, 1963
24. Connecticut -- March 20, 1963
25. Tennessee -- March 21, 1963
26. Pennsylvania -- March 25, 1963
27. Wisconsin -- March 26, 1963
28. Kansas -- March 28, 1963
29. Massachusetts -- March 28, 1963
30. Nebraska -- April 4, 1963
31. Florida -- April 18, 1963
32. Iowa -- April 24, 1963
33. Delaware -- May 1, 1963
34. Missouri -- May 13, 1963
35. New Hampshire -- June 12, 1963
36. Kentucky -- June 27, 1963
37. Maine -- January 16, 1964
38. South Dakota -- January 23, 1964

Ratification was completed on January 23, 1964. The amendment was subsequently ratified by the following states:

1. Virginia -- February 25, 1977
2. North Carolina -- May 3, 1989
3. Alabama -- 2002
4. Texas -- May 22, 2009

This amendment was specifically rejected by the following state:

1. Mississippi -- December 20, 1962

The following states have not ratified the amendment:

1. Arizona
2. Arkansas
3. Georgia
4. Louisiana
5. Oklahoma
6. South Carolina
7. Wyoming

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1. the 1st Amendment
2. the 2nd Amendment
3. the 3rd Amendment
4. the 4th Amendment
5. the 5th Amendment
6. the 6th Amendment
7. the 7th Amendment
8. the 8th Amendment
9. the 9th Amendment
10. the 10th Amendment
11. the 11th Amendment
12. the 12th Amendment
13. the 13th Amendment
14. the 14th Amendment
15. the 15th Amendment
16. the 16th Amendment
17. the 17th Amendment
18. the 18th Amendment
19. the 19th Amendment
20. the 20th Amendment
21. the 21st Amendment
22. the 22nd Amendment
23. the 23rd Amendment

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[JoeProBono]

[jtal]

The federal republic signed its own death warrant with this amendment.

[pnh102]

The federal republic signed its own death warrant with this amendment.

Agreed. People who pay no taxes always vote for the candidate who will give them the most loot..

[DiogenesLamp]

The federal republic signed its own death warrant with this amendment.

Amen. Exactly right.