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Prayers For, To,and Through the Dead
Reformed Apologetics Thoughts of Francis Turretin Blog ^ | April 21, 2009 | Francis Turretin Fan

Posted on 04/22/2015 2:34:02 PM PDT by RnMomof7

Within Roman Catholicism (and within some other churches as well) there are prayers that are made for, through, and to the dead. We, as Reformed believers, reject all three of these categories but on different grounds. In discussing these issues with Roman Catholics it may be useful to be able to understand the different categories and to explain why it is that we reject each. We should pray for the living, to the living and true God, through the merits and intercession of Christ alone.

1. Prayers For the Dead

In Roman Catholicism, there is a belief in Purgatory. Although Roman Catholics give varying explanations, a popular perception is that purgatory is a place where, through a period of suffering, the soul is purged of sin (it's worth noting that some Roman Catholics today deny that Purgatory is either an actual place or that it has actual time, but we'll leave that for another discussion).

Those within Purgatory want to be purged of their sins (in Roman Catholic theology) but they also want to get out of there and on to heaven. So people are encouraged to pray for the souls of the deceased, for relief/escape from Purgatory. After all, apparently, this suffering can be alleviated through the granting of an indulgence to the person in purgatory.

The Bible, however, teaches that the souls of believers are, at their death made perfect in holiness and do immediately pass into glory. (See Thomas Watson's discussion, for a more detailed discussion.) Given this, prayers for dead believers are useless, since believers are already in heaven.

Furthermore, while certain folks have (from time to time) suggested that salvation is still possible in hell, it is not. Of course, this itself is not normally disputed by Roman Catholics, who recognize that there is no escape from hell itself. Thus, prayers for dead unbelievers are also useless, since unbelievers are already in hell, from which they cannot escape.

Thus, there is no third category - no third option that exists, where prayers for the deceased would have any value. Accordingly, we reject prayers for the dead as vain and superstitious, and we do not engage in such prayers.

2. Prayers To the Dead

In Roman Catholicism there are, from time to time, prayers to the dead. I would be quick to point out Mary, but this doctrine they have of the Assumption of Mary leaves it unclear whether they really consider Mary to be dead or resurrected (although, of course, as a matter of objective fact, she is dead and awaits the resurrection of the faithful). Aside from Mary, however, other saints are sometimes prayed to within Catholicism. One particularly popular saint in English-speaking countries is St. Jude (aka Judas not Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles), the patron saint of lost causes.

We, Reformed Christians, reject such prayers for several reasons. First, there is no reason at all to think that such prayers will be heard and understood by the dead. Second, not only does Scripture not encourage attempted communication with the dead, it condemns such attempts as witchcraft and necromancy. Third, the use of such prayers suggests a lack of faith in the efficacy of prayers directly to the Father. Fourth, the use of such prayers suggests a desire for the mediation of someone other than Christ, an issue that flows over into the next section, below.

This is one of those areas where Roman Catholic apologists are very eager these days to recast the issue in terms like "we're just asking our fellow believers to pray for us, are you saying that's wrong?" The answer to that question is that we do not object to asking fellow believers to pray for us. In fact, we ought to do so. James 5:16 Confess [your] faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.

However, while many of the prayers to the dead are explicitly prayers that the dead would hear the person and pray to God for the person, that simply avoids the most grotesque abuses of the practice, such as when things are requested specifically from the saints or Mary, which are not theirs to give (such as success, grace, salvation, etc.). Those prayers (meta-prayers that request prayer by the saint to whom the prayers are offered) suffer from the objections as to the lack of warrant or example from the Scriptures as well as from the apparent view that these saints are to serve as mediators rather than Christ. As this is not a direct answer to the Romanist objections, I won't go on at greater length here.

3. Prayers Through the Dead

Roman Catholics sometimes explicitly, sometimes implicitly, offer up prayers that are through the dead. For example, the "Approved Prayer for the intercession of Pope John Paul II" (link) is a prayer that is not for John Paul II (JP2) or to JP2 but it is through JP2. It is addressed to God, "O Holy Trinity," but it requests that something be granted "Grant us," via the intercession of JP2 "through his intercession ... ."

Other times the request is more indirect. For example, sometimes when Mary (or others) are entreated it is suggested (as a justification) that since "the prayer of a righteous man availeth much" that the more righteous a person is, the more their prayer will avail (although, of course, the Scriptures do not teach such any such formula). Consequently, the idea is that we are asking these creatures to intercede before God on the basis of the merits that are theirs.

The connection between the two can be seen in this prayer to God pleading the merit and intercession of Rita of Cascia:

O God! who didst deign to confer on St. Rita for imitating Thee in love of her enemies, the favor of bearing her heart and brow the marks of Thy Love and Passion, grant we beseech Thee, that through her intercession and merit, we may, pierced by the thorns of compunction, ever contemplate the sufferings of Thy Passion, who livest and reignest forever and ever. Amen.
(emphasis added - source)

See this similar prayer to God through Mary:
Prayer to Our Lady of Light

O radiant beam of celestial clarity,
O spotless Mother of infinite purity,
O seat of Wisdom and divine reliquary
of the Word Incarnate,
Hear my prayer,
O Queen of Light!
O Blessed Trinity,
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit,
You glorified my Mother, Mary,
as Queen of heaven and earth
and gave to her the gift of holding
Your Omnipotence in her holy hands,
Graciously grant what I seek
through her merits and intercession.
Amen.
(emphasis added - source)

This can be further seen within the writings of Roman Catholicism. For example, Pious XII quotes with approval from a writing attributed to Eadmer (circa A.D. 1060 to circa A.D. 1124) as follows: "just as . . . God, by making all through His power, is Father and Lord of all, so the blessed Mary, by repairing all through her merits, is Mother and Queen of all; for God is the Lord of all things, because by His command He establishes each of them in its own nature, and Mary is the Queen of all things, because she restores each to its original dignity through the grace which she merited." (Ad Caeli Reginam (To the Queen of Heaven) section 36 - link)

It also can be seen in the "Catechism of the Catholic Church" section 956:
956 The intercession of the saints. "Being more closely united to Christ, those who dwell in heaven fix the whole Church more firmly in holiness.... They do not cease to intercede with the Father for us, as they proffer the merits which they acquired on earth through the one mediator between God and men, Christ Jesus.... So by their fraternal concern is our weakness greatly helped."
(emphases and elipses in original - footnote omitted - source)

This is the point at which the Roman Catholic position comes into direct conflict with the unique mediatorial role of Christ (despite the contrary claim - anticipating this assertion of ours - that you see in CCC 956). Only by Christ's merits can we come before God. The merits of a mere man (like John Paul II, even assuming he were a godly man) are of infinitesimal value compared with the righteousness of Christ.

It is by Christ and by Christ alone that we have access to the Father - not by Mary, not by the saints. Even when we ask our fellow believers to pray for us, we do not (or at least we certainly ought not) ask them to do so on the basis of their own merits, but alone on the basis of Christ's merits.

We give token of this when we conclude our prayers, "in Jesus' name, Amen." That expression "In Jesus' name" is asking that God consider our prayer on the basis of Christ's merits, not our own. However, when someone prays the approved prayer for JP2's intercession, they are praying for God to consider JP2's merits. The same is the case (in general) with any prayers that are made either through or to the deceased in the Roman Catholic schema.

Conclusion

Prayers are to be offered through the merits of Christ and in the name of Christ. We are exhorted and encouraged to do so by Scripture:

John 16:23-27
23 And in that day ye shall ask me nothing. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you. 24 Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full. 25 These things have I spoken unto you in proverbs: but the time cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in proverbs, but I shall shew you plainly of the Father. 26 At that day ye shall ask in my name: and I say not unto you, that I will pray the Father for you: 27 For the Father himself loveth you, because ye have loved me, and have believed that I came out from God.

John 14:12-14
12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do; because I go unto my Father. 13 And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14 If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it.

Ephesians 3:11-12
11 According to the eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord: 12 In whom we have boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him.

Hebrews 10:19-22
19 Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, 20 By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; 21 And having an high priest over the house of God; 22 Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.

1 Peter 3:12 For the eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and his ears are open unto their prayers: but the face of the Lord is against them that do evil.

So let us pray in the name of the Lord to the Lord God Almighty, for the living, eschewing the superstition of praying for the dead, for it is written:

1 John 5:16-17
16 If any man see his brother sin a sin which is not unto death, he shall ask, and he shall give him life for them that sin not unto death. There is a sin unto death: I do not say that he shall pray for it. 17 All unrighteousness is sin: and there is a sin not unto death.

Psalm 2:12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him.

2 Corinthians 6:2 (For he saith, I have heard thee in a time accepted, and in the day of salvation have I succoured thee: behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation.)

Hebrews 4:7 Again, he limiteth a certain day, saying in David, To day, after so long a time; as it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts.

Psalm 95:7-11
7 For he is our God; and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand. To day if ye will hear his voice, 8 Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness: 9 When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my work. 10 Forty years long was I grieved with this generation, and said, It is a people that do err in their heart, and they have not known my ways: 11 Unto whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my rest.

Revelation 22:11 He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still.

Isaiah 38:18 For the grave cannot praise thee, death cannot celebrate thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth.

If you are an unbeliever reading this, seize the day to repent of your sins and turn to Christ. Today you have life and hope, but tomorrow you may be in the grave, and in that grave no prayers will save you. So, if you do not trust in Christ alone for salvation, turn from your sins and set aside all other hope, placing it in Him alone for there is no other name under heaven by which men can be saved.

-TurretinFan


TOPICS: Catholic; Charismatic Christian; Evangelical Christian
KEYWORDS: christiancatholics; doctrine; intercession; opinion; opinions; prayer; purgatory; yopios
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To: Iscool; MamaB

It would if it were admitted.

We have more unity between denominatioal lines as brothers and sisters in Christ, that I see within Catholicism.

That does not include non-believers and the churches they pack.

Their disunity results from them ABANDONING Scripture, not because they follow it.


401 posted on 04/24/2015 4:38:02 AM PDT by metmom (...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
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To: ebb tide
Nope, you've got it wrong. There in only one religion made by God, the Catholic religion.

Nope....only Christianity.

402 posted on 04/24/2015 4:40:41 AM PDT by ealgeone
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To: ebb tide; GGpaX4DumpedTea

Actually, if anyone wants to state that God created a religion, it would be Judaism when He handed down the Law from Mt Sinai.


403 posted on 04/24/2015 4:42:01 AM PDT by metmom (...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
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To: Springfield Reformer

Excellent as usual and great questions.


404 posted on 04/24/2015 4:47:02 AM PDT by metmom (...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
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To: Springfield Reformer; Alex Murphy; boatbums; caww; CynicalBear; daniel1212; Elsie; Gamecock; ...

Ping to post 381, which has been saved for posterityand future use with or without the permission of the owner....

:)


405 posted on 04/24/2015 4:49:38 AM PDT by metmom (...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
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To: ealgeone
Proof required.

Are you Roman Catholic?

Yes?

Proof provided.

Hoss

406 posted on 04/24/2015 5:19:49 AM PDT by HossB86 (Christ, and Him alone.)
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To: Springfield Reformer

SR... that is well said.

Hoss


407 posted on 04/24/2015 5:21:40 AM PDT by HossB86 (Christ, and Him alone.)
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To: terycarl

LOL!

The Catholic Church is as man-made as the other denominations of Christianity. The “CHURCH” is born of God via John 6:29, Romans 10:9-10, John 14:6, John 10:9 and a slew of others. The fact that you can’t distinguish the two means you are severely in error.


408 posted on 04/24/2015 5:26:19 AM PDT by Roman_War_Criminal
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To: metmom; Springfield Reformer; Alex Murphy; boatbums; caww; daniel1212; Elsie; Gamecock
>>Ping to post 381, which has been saved for posterityand future use with or without the permission of the owner....<<

Excellent question posed! Well we get an answer?

409 posted on 04/24/2015 5:49:58 AM PDT by CynicalBear (For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus)
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To: boatbums; Rashputin; BlackElk; RnMomof7; metmom; caww

The truth of that post should concern all Catholics.


410 posted on 04/24/2015 6:13:25 AM PDT by CynicalBear (For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus)
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To: boatbums

It is far easier to make Luther a punching bag than to address actual facts.


411 posted on 04/24/2015 6:18:55 AM PDT by Gamecock (Why do bad things happen to good people? That only happened once, and He volunteered. R.C. Sproul)
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To: daniel1212

I agree, and it seems from what I can remember of reading from St Peter that he was not interested in applying authoritative names to himself, obviously following the teaching of Jesus but some where down along the line importance became the big issue.


412 posted on 04/24/2015 6:19:49 AM PDT by ravenwolf (s letters scripture.)
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To: Springfield Reformer; ebb tide

Affirming agreement with your post and anticipating the response from the prime recipient of your brief epistle.

R2z


413 posted on 04/24/2015 6:20:32 AM PDT by Resettozero
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To: Springfield Reformer; ebb tide

Gotta go with ya on this post of yours too, and wonder if the object of your instruction will reply or not.

R2z


414 posted on 04/24/2015 6:48:24 AM PDT by Resettozero
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To: Springfield Reformer; ebb tide; Alex Murphy; boatbums; caww; CynicalBear; daniel1212; Elsie; ...
Because we've made it very clear for a very long time what we believe. Salvation is secure, yes, but it is also transformative. Our old reprobate self, if that's all we had after salvation, would certainly see blanket forgiveness as an excuse for rampant sinning. But that's not what salvation is. Not in Scripture, and not to

That's because we have been born of the Spirit. We have the Spirit of the Living God indwelling us. We are new creatures in Christ, who have been given the mind of Christ.

And so with the old nature the flesh, still there, we struggle, as Paul recounts in Romans 7.

But Romans 8 follows. There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus.

415 posted on 04/24/2015 7:00:30 AM PDT by metmom (...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
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To: Springfield Reformer; ebb tide

You speak for me on this too, brother.


416 posted on 04/24/2015 7:02:04 AM PDT by metmom (...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
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To: Greetings_Puny_Humans; ebb tide
You should get a load what crap your church teaches even in their approved biblical commentaries, and you guys want us to kneel and scrape and beg for salvation from you guys when most of you aren't capable of much more than very basic and puerile apology in defense of your works-righteous doctrines?

And I would add that they expect us to kneel and scrape and beg for a salvation that they cannot even guarantee us for all our or their efforts.

417 posted on 04/24/2015 7:04:34 AM PDT by metmom (...fixing our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our faith...)
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To: metmom
>>But Romans 8 follows. There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus.<<

Psalm 103:12 As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us.

Yet Satan would convince some that those transgressions will one day be brought before us to convict us or that we must be "purged" in some purgatory.

418 posted on 04/24/2015 7:08:32 AM PDT by CynicalBear (For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus)
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To: boatbums; caww; metmom
Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. (II Tim. 3:7)

Teaching for doctrine, the commandments of men. Does that sound familiar? I am glad I am out of that bondage religion. After all, we all know the only true church, is the First United Church of the Navigators. You know the true church that Jesus founded about 4 and 1/2 million years ago. I mean, you want to make sure you belong to the only true church right? 😀😃😄😎👍😂😅😇😁😆😀😀😆 So, join the only true church before it is too late, and don't be unregenerate 😄😃😆😀

419 posted on 04/24/2015 7:09:09 AM PDT by Mark17 (Beyond the sunset, O blissful morning, when with our Savior, Heaven is begun. Earth's toiling ended)
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To: ebb tide; Springfield Reformer; Iscool; metmom
If you all agree with each other, why do you have so many tribes and why is everybody tribe-hopping?

SR has given a pretty accurate answer for your question.

I would add though, that this is nothing new. We have in Corinthians the emergence of four "denominations" if you want to call them that, when some were claiming to be "the party of Cephas" or the "party of Apollos" just to name two.

SR is right about the influence of liberal theology impacting the church and causing splits.

However, IMHO, the greatest problem in the church today is that we, the church, are not following the teachings of Christ.

If we all began exhibiting Christ-like manners we would be far more impactful in changing this world.

As my high school coaches used to say after a loss....we need to get back to the basics.

420 posted on 04/24/2015 7:16:30 AM PDT by ealgeone
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