Posted on 02/02/2015 3:08:42 PM PST by Morgana
According to ancient Greek legend, the great warrior, Achilles, was invulnerable against attack, except for one area of weaknesshis heel. That weakness would be exploited near the end of the Trojan War by Paris. As the story goes, he shot Achilles in the heel with an arrow, killing his seemingly undefeatable foe.
Okay, so referring to Sola Scriptura as the Protestant Achilles's Heel is not a perfect analogy. There are many weak spots in Protestant theology. But the use of the image of "Achilles's Heel" in prose today is employed not only to accentuate a singular weakness in an otherwise impenetrable person or institution, but a particularly acute weakness. It is in that sense that I think the analogy fits.
Sola Scriptura was the central doctrine and foundation for all I believed when I was Protestant. On a popular level, it simply meant, If a teaching isnt explicit in the Bible, then we dont accept it as doctrine! And it seemed so simple. Unassailable. And yet, I do not recall ever hearing a detailed teaching explicating it. It was always a given. Unchallenged. Diving deeper into its meaning, especially when I was challenged to defend my Protestant faith against Catholicism, I found there to be no book specifically on the topic and no uniform understanding of this teaching among Protestant pastors.
Once I got past the superficial, I had to try to answer real questions like, what role does tradition play? How explicit does a doctrine have to be in Scripture before it can be called doctrine? How many times does it have to be mentioned in Scripture before it would be dogmatic? Where does Scripture tell us what is absolutely essential for us to believe as Christians? How do we know what the canon of Scripture is using the principle of sola scriptura? Who is authorized to write Scripture in the first place? When was the canon closed? Or, the best question of all: where is sola scriptura taught in the Bible? These questions and more were left virtually unanswered or left to the varying opinions of various Bible teachers.
The Protestant Response
In answer to this last question, Where is sola scriptura taught in the Bible? most Protestants will immediately respond as I did, by simply citing II Tm. 3:16:
All scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.
How can it get any plainer than that? Doesnt that say the Bible is all we need? Question answered.
The fact is: II Timothy 3or any other text of Scripturedoes not even hint at sola scriptura. It says Scripture is inspired and necessary to equip the man of God, but never does it say Scripture alone is all anyone needs. Well come back to this text in particular later. But in my experience as a Protestant, it was my attempt to defend this bedrock teaching of Protestantism that led me to conclude: sola scriptura is 1) unreasonable 2) unbiblical and 3) unworkable.
Sola Scriptura is Unreasonable
When defending sola scriptura, the Protestant will predictably appeal to his sole authorityScripture. This is a textbook example of the logical fallacy of circular reasoning which betrays an essential problem with the doctrine itself. One cannot prove the inspiration of a text from the text itself. The Book of Mormon, the Hindu Vedas, writings of Mary Baker Eddy, the Koran, and other books claim inspiration. This does not make them inspired. One must prove the point outside of the text itself to avoid the fallacy of circular reasoning.
Thus, the question remains: how do we know the various books of the Bible are inspired and therefore canonical? And remember: the Protestant must use the principle of sola scriptura in the process.
II Tim. 3:16 is not a valid response to the question. The problems are manifold. Beyond the fact of circular reasoning, for example, I would point out the fact that this verse says all Scripture is inspired tells us nothing of what the canon consists. Just recently, I was speaking with a Protestant inquirer about this issue and he saw my point. He then said words to the effect of, I believe the Holy Spirit guides us into all truth as Jesus said in Jn. 16:13. The Holy Spirit guided the early Christians and helped them to gather the canon of Scripture and declare it to be the inspired word of God. God would not leave us without his word to guide us.
That answer is much more Catholic than Protestant! Yes, Jn. 16:13 does say the Spirit will lead the apostlesand by allusion, the Churchinto all truth. But this verse has nothing to say about sola scriptura. Nor does it say a word about the nature or number of books in the canon. Catholics certainly agree that the Holy Spirit guided the early Christians to canonize the Scriptures because the Catholic Church teaches that there is an authoritative Church guided by the Holy Spirit. The obvious problem is my Protestant friend did not use sola scriptura as his guiding principle to arrive at his conclusion. How does, for example, Jn. 16:13 tell us that Hebrews was written by an apostolic writer and that it is inspired of God? We would ultimately have to rely on the infallibility of whoever the Holy Spirit is guiding to canonize the Bible so that they could not mishear what the Spirit was saying about which books of the Bible are truly inspired.
In order to put this argument of my friend into perspective, can you imagine if a Catholic made a similar claim to demonstrate, say, Mary to be the Mother of God? We believe the Holy Spirit guides us into all truth and guided the early Christians to declare this truth. I can almost hear the response. Show me in the Bible where Mary is the Mother of God! I dont want to hear about God guiding the Church! Wouldnt the same question remain for the Protestant concerning the canon? Show me in the Bible where the canon of Scripture is, what the criterion for the canon is, who can and cannot write Scripture, etc.
Will the Circle be Unbroken?
The Protestant response at this point is often an attempt to use the same argument against the Catholic. How do you know the Scriptures are inspired? Your reasoning is just as circular because you say the Church is infallible because the inspired Scriptures say so and then say the Scriptures are inspired and infallible because the Church says so!
The Catholic Churchs position on inspiration is not circular. We do not say the Church is infallible because the inspired Scriptures say so, and the Scriptures are inspired because the infallible Church says so. That would be a kind of circular reasoning. The Church was established historically and functioned as the infallible spokesperson for the Lord decades before the New Testament was written. The Church is infallible because Jesus said so.
Having said that, it is true that we know the Scriptures to be inspired because the Church has told us so. That is also an historical fact. However, this is not circular reasoning. When the Catholic approaches Scripture, he or she begins with the Bible as an historical document, not as inspired. As any reputable historian will tell you, the New Testament is the most accurate and verifiable historical document in all of ancient history. To deny the substance of the historical documents recorded therein would be absurd. However, one cannot deduce from this that they are inspired. There are many accurate historical documents that are not inspired. However, the Scriptures do give us accurate historical information whether one holds to their inspiration or not. Further, this testimony of the Bible is backed up by hundreds of works by early Christians and non-Christian writers like Suetonius, Tacitus, Pliny the Younger, Josephus, and more. It is on this basis that we can say it is an historical fact that Jesus lived, died, and was reported to be resurrected from the dead by over 500 eyewitnesses. Many of these eyewitnesses went to their deaths testifying to the veracity of the Christ-event (see Lk. 1:1-4, Jn. 21:18-19, 24-25, Acts 1:1-11, I Cr. 15:1-8).
Now, what do we find when we examine the historical record? Jesus Christas a matter of historyestablished a Church, not a book, to be the foundation of the Christian Faith (see Mt. 16:15-18; 18:15-18. Cf. Eph. 2:20; 3:10,20-21; 4:11-15; I Tm. 3:15; Hb. 13:7,17, etc.). He said of his Church, He who hears you hears me and he who rejects you rejects me, and he who rejects me rejects him who sent me (Lk. 10:16). The many books that comprise what we call the Bible never tell us crucial truths such as the fact that they are inspired, who can and cannot be the human authors of them, who authored them at all, or, as I said before, what the canon of Scripture is in the first place. And this is just to name a few examples. What is very clear historically is that Jesus established a kingdom with a hierarchy and authority to speak for him (see Lk. 20:29-32, Mt. 10:40, 28:18-20). It was members of this Kingdomthe Churchthat would write the Scripture, preserve its many texts and eventually canonize it. The Scriptures cannot write or canonize themselves. To put it simply, reason clearly rejects sola scriptura as a self-refuting principle because one cannot determine what the scriptura is using the principle of sola scriptura.
Sola Scriptura is Unbiblical
Let us now consider the most common text used by Protestants to prove sola scriptura, II Tm. 3:16, which I quoted above:
All scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.
The problem with using this text as such is threefold: 1. Strictly speaking, it does not speak of the New Testament at all. 2. It does not claim Scripture to be the sole rule of faith for Christians. 3. The Bible teaches oral Tradition to be on a par with and just as necessary as the written Tradition, or Scripture.
1. Whats Old is Not New
Let us examine the context of the passage by reading the two preceding verses:
But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have firmly believed, knowing from whom you learned it and how from childhood (italics added) you have been acquainted with the sacred writings which are able to instruct you for salvation through faith in Jesus Christ.
In context, this passage does not refer to the New Testament at all. None of the New Testament books had been written when St. Timothy was a child! To claim this verse in order to authenticate a book, say, the book of Revelation, when it had most likely not even been written yet, is more than a stretch. That is going far beyond what the text actually claims.
2. The Trouble With Sola
As a Protestant, I was guilty of seeing more than one sola in Scripture that simply did not exist. The Bible clearly teaches justification by faith. And we Catholics believe it. However, we do not believe in justification by faith alone because, among many other reasons, the Bible says, we are justified by works and not by faith alone (James 2:24, emphasis added). Analogously, when the Bible says Scripture is inspired and profitable for the man of God, to be equipped for every good work, we Catholics believe it. However, the text of II Tim. 3:16 never says Scripture alone. There is no sola to be found here either! Even if we granted II Tm. 3:16 was talking about all of Scripture, it never claims Scripture to be the sole rule of faith. A rule of faith, to be sure! But not the sole rule of faith.
James 1:4 illustrates clearly the problem with Protestant exegesis of II Tim. 3:16:
And let steadfastness (patience) have its full effect, that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing.
If we apply the same principle of exegesis to this text that the Protestant does to II Tm. 3:16 we would have to say that all we need is patience to be perfected. We dont need faith, hope, charity, the Church, baptism, etc.
Of course, any Christian would immediately say this is absurd. And of course it is. But Jamess emphasis on the central importance of patience is even stronger than St. Pauls emphasis on Scripture. The key is to see that there is not a sola to be found in either text. Sola patientia would be just as much an error as is sola scriptura.
3. The Tradition of God is the Word of God
Not only is the Bible silent when it comes to sola scriptura, but Scripture is remarkably plain in teaching oral Tradition to be just as much the word of God as is Scripture. In what most scholars believe was the first book written in the New Testament, St. Paul said:
And we also thank God that when you received the word of God which you heard from us, you accepted it not as the word of men but as what it really is, the word of God (I Thess. 2:13)
II Thess. 2:15 adds:
So then, brethren, stand firm and hold to the traditions you have been taught by us, either by word of mouth or by letter.
According to St. Paul, the spoken word from the apostles was just as much the word of God as was the later written word.
Sola Scriptura is Unworkable
When it comes to the tradition of Protestantismsola scripturathe silence of the text of Scripture is deafening. When it comes to the true authority of Scripture and Tradition, the Scriptures are clear. And when it comes to the teaching and governing authority of the Church, the biblical text is equally as clear:
If your brother sins against you go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone But if he does not listen, take one or two others with you If he refuses to listen tell it to the church; and if he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector. (Mt. 18:15-17)
According to Scripture, the Churchnot the Bible aloneis the final court of appeal for the people of God in matters of faith and discipline. But isnt it also telling that since the Reformation of just ca. 480 years agoa reformation claiming sola scriptura as its formal principlethere are now over 33,000 denominations that have derived from it?
For 1,500 years, Christianity saw just a few enduring schisms (the Monophysites, Nestorians, the Orthodox, and a very few others). Now in just 480 years we have this? I hardly think that when Jesus prophesied there would be one shepherd and one fold in Jn. 10:16, this is what he had in mind. It seems quite clear to me that not only is sola scriptura unreasonable and unbiblical, but it is unworkable. The proof is in the puddin!
If you liked this post and you would like to dive deeper into this topic and more, click here.
That’s no decoder ring. That’s his seal of divine authority except when it’s not. If he uses the ring then he’s infallible and Christ on earth and when he doesn’t he’s just a bumbling idiot spouting off. I think that’s how that works. Not sure tho.
Did you even read what it says?
***of one substance with the Father as regards his Godhead, and AT THE SAME TIME of one substance with us as regards his manhood;***
***one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, Only-begotten, recognized in two natures, without confusion, without change, WITHOUT DIVISION, WITHOUT SEPARATION***
***the characteristics of each nature being preserved and coming together to form one person and subsistence, NOT AS PARTED OR SEPARATED INTO TWO PERSONS, but one and the same Son and Only-begotten God the Word,***
It clearly says that Christ’s two natures are one person and not two and they cannot be divided.
It also clearly says:
***Mary the Virgin, the God-bearer***
:)
I realize that you thought I meant that St. Paul taught the doctrine of the Trinity. What I was saying was that St. Paul indicates that in the early Church there were doctrines which were not written down and the Trinity was one of them.
Can God be divided? If not, who forsook who on the cross? And who did Jesus pray to?
Prove it.
No, God cannot be divided, so when Jesus was quoting Psalm 21:2 on the Cross I guess His human nature was talking to Himself.
I’m sorry, I don’t have time. I have to do laundry. And if I did have time, it would all be wasted on you because you are determined to argue. You have your mind made up, so even if I did “prove” it to you, you wouldn’t believe me. Why don’t you pray to God and ask Him to make it all clear to you - or at least to open your closed mind? It’s all there in books, the history of the Church, and writings of the Fathers (1st through 5th centuries). That is how I learned. You can, too, if you want to. But I don’t think you do.
And the Muslim’s have their own extra books, and the Mormons have their own extra books. But true Christians stick with God’s word.
**Im sorry, I dont have time.**
Oh, OK. Go feed your crickets.
And who forsook who on that cross?
Proposition 1: as regards his Godhead, begotten of the Father before the agesNow, you are right to warn against separation into two persons. If you actually read the link I provided you on Nestorius, you will see there is an excellent argument he would absolutely agree with the two of us on that point. Unfortunately, there was a language barrier, and things got badly muddled, just as is happening here. You see how I repeatedly protest that I (like any other Protestant here) am not advocating two persons at all. Yet our protests go unheeded. You are confused if you think that is what we are advocating. I advise you to take a deep breath, relax, and read what we are actually saying. I don't enjoy misunderstandings.
Proposition 2: as regards his manhood begotten, for us men and for our salvation, of Mary the Virgin, the God-bearer
Proposition 3: the distinction of natures being in no way annulled by the unionProposition three, the distinction theorem, allows us to go back to propositions 1 and 2 and admit a critical distinction between the two natures, their origin. This entire discussion revolves around that one, tiny point. If you admit, as you must, that the origin of the divine nature and the human nature are distinct, then you permit that distinction to survive in how we speak of Mary. The whole point of introducing Theotokus in the first place was NOT to establish an attribute of Mary, but to refute errors concerning Christ and His divinity. No Christian will disagree that Jesus, from the moment of conception, was fully human and fully divine. Theotokus ensures the confessor understands who Jesus was while yet in the womb, the God-man.
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>> “What I was saying was that St. Paul indicates that in the early Church there were doctrines which were not written down and the Trinity was one of them.” <<
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Again:
By what source do you ‘know’ this thing that is completely absent from scripture?
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Let the dead do their laundry! - Take up your (whatever) and teach us!
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It's not a matter of denying anything. Notice to whom He is speaking when He speaks. All through His ministry, through His Passion and Resurrection. The Day of Pentecost.
It's always to some or all of the Apostles. Paul's epistles are addressed to churches. The common thread is that He deals with groups, not individuals. The pattern is OT and confirmed by Paul to the church at Corinth..."at the mouth of two or three witnesses..."
The first council in Acts 15 has been discussed here many times. There was a pattern laid down. So there is certainly scripture to support the convening of the bishops to seek the Holy Spirit about disputed matters.
Transferring everything committed and promised to the Church to the individual is going to create confusion. Beyond puzzling over why Jesus did not tell the Apostles to write it all down, I ask what about the Christians who had no New Testament? Answer: They were to be in the Church and as Paul says over and over, act and believe like HE had done told them to act. and believe
When, exactly did the common practice of the early church, as shown above, get negated? By what authority?
You do understand that Paul was writing epistles when he wrote this ??.. so the writings he was talking about was the Old Testament,
and hold the traditions which ye have been taught] Hold is an emphatic word: stand firm and hold fast (Ellicott) gives the Greek sense more adequately. In traditions which you were taught there is no suggestion of the Romanist idea of Tradition, conceived as an authority distinct from the written Word of God; for the Apostle continues, whether by word or latter of ours (the pronoun belongs to both nouns). He bids them hold by what he had taught, whether it came through this channel or that, provided it were really from himself (comp. 2 Thessalonians 2:2, and ch. 2 Thessalonians 3:14; 2 Thessalonians 3:17). He is now beginning to communicate with the Churches by letter, and stamps his Epistles with the authority of his spoken word. The sentence asserts the claim of the true Apostolic teaching, as against any who would beguile the Church away from it. Comp. 1 Corinthians 11:2 : I praise you that in all things you remember us, and hold fast the traditions, even as I delivered them to you.(Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges)
BTW the quote you used is NOT 2 Thes 2:14 it is 2:15
So then, brothers and sisters, stand firm and hold fast to the teachings WE passed on to you, whether by word of mouth or by letter.
Not to worry; for GOD, himself; gave the words to CORRECT the KJV to Joseph before he foolishly walked into that jail and ran his mouth off.
Color coding explanation:
Added stuff... Changed stuff... Rearranged stuff... Removed stuff...
*(UNDERLINED stuff is the DISTRACTING reference on every tenth word or so that infuses LDS 'scripture' online.)
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