Coyote.
Posted on 11/03/2015 3:26:20 PM PST by SJackson
Humans are not newcomers when it comes to messing around with nature. While we haven't created Frankenstein's monster yet, what we do transforms the natural world.
One recent example is the creation of the coywolf — a hybrid of the coyote and the wolf that is also known as the Eastern coyote. According to a new article from The Economist, their population seems to have reached more than a million.
These animals have a completely new genetic makeup: Their genes are about one-quarter wolf DNA and two-thirds coyote DNA; the rest is from domesticated dogs. A 2013 study suggests this dog DNA is mostly from a few specific breeds, including German Shepherds and Doberman Pincers.
Human activity likely played a role in the species' creation. As humans cut down wolves' forest homes and hunted down their populations, the lack of available partners for wolves led them to search elsewhere for mates, leading them to coyotes and dogs.
Scientists think this intermixing began with wild wolves in southern Ontario about a century or two ago.
The coywolves' success is astounding scientists. According to The Economist:
The animal’s range has encompassed America’s entire north-east, urban areas included, for at least a decade, and is continuing to expand in the south-east following coywolves’ arrival there half a century ago. This is astonishing. Purebred coyotes never managed to establish themselves east of the prairies. Wolves were killed off in eastern forests long ago. But by combining their DNA, the two have given rise to an animal that is able to spread into a vast and otherwise uninhabitable territory.
Here's the coyote, which traditionally maxes out at 75 pounds and has pointier features, and readily populates cities:
Coyote.
And this is what a wolf looks like. Wolves are usually bigger, weighing in at about 100 pounds, and prefer more wild habitats.
Wolf.
While the grey wolf and the coyote are each other's closest living relatives, the two animals separated evolutionarily 1 to 2 million years ago.
Usually hybrids — even between two closely related species — don't survive as well as their parent species, but the coywolves seem to be an exception. They've only really emerged in force during the last few decades, but they seem to have a few advantages over their parent species.
According to The New York Times' Moises Velazquez-Manoff: "[The coywolf] can be as much as 40 percent larger than the Western coyote, with powerful wolf-like jaws; it has also inherited the wolf's more social nature, which allows for pack hunting."
According to The Economist: "With larger jaws, more muscle and faster legs, individual coywolves can take down small deer. A pack of them can even kill a moose."
Two coywolf pups in Alberta, Canada.
These animals are even better fitted to our changing world than we thought, and their proliferation has been more "rapid, pervasive, and transformational than once thought," according to The Economist. The genetic combination of the two animals seems especially well suited to the northern habitat. The wolf genes allow the coyote to take down bigger prey, while the coyote genes let them adapt to cities and other populated areas.
The wolves even follow railroads into cities, making themselves scarce during the day — adopting a nocturnal schedule. They even look both ways before crossing the highway.
Another reason the animals are so successful could be their wider diet, according to The Economist:
Coywolves eat pumpkins, watermelons and other garden produce, as well as discarded food. They also eat rodents and other smallish mammals. Many lawns and parks are kept clear of thick underbrush, so catching squirrels and pets is easy. Cats are typically eaten skull and all, with clues left only in the droppings.
To study the hybrids better, scientists went ahead and made some 50/50 hybrids in the lab, mating female coyotes with male grey wolves. That's not exactly like the wild coywolves, but it's similar. And gives scientists a better idea of how successful a mating between the two species would be. While two pregnancies didn't result in live offspring, one litter created six puppies.
Here's the result:
The offspring of mating female coyotes with male grey wolves.
This is what a wild coywolf looks like. This one was spotted in West Virginia.
Coyote wolf hybrid coywolf
The mixing of the two species has even created hybrids with their own distinct sounds — taking the wolves' howl and the coyotes's yipping and turning it into a "yip-howl." You can hear it about 45 seconds into this camera-trap video, uploaded to YouTube by simplenotme:
Midwest too. As I've mentioned on several wolf threads, if you shoot one did you shoot a wolf, endangered, threatened or out of season in most states, or a coyote, year round hunting in many states.
Target!
I missed one at 350 yards the other day, because I’m not a very good shot.
So they deny hybridization for decades and then blame it on people.
Coyote is pronounced kai-o-tee.
Is coywolf pronounded kai-wolf?
They’re all around us.
Georgia law classifies them as a “varmint”.
Kill them at will.
“The mixing of the two species has even created hybrids with their own distinct sounds “
Are they two different species if they can mate and produce viable offspring?
If they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, then they are NOT "two species", they are just different breeds.
A chihuahua doesn't look like a golden retriever, which doesn't look like a mastiff. But they are all dogs.
Sounds like these critters are not gonna be popular with many FReepers around here...
Not popular with livestock owners either. Nothing happens until they eat enough dogs to get the suburbanites angry. I think the interesting thing is distinguishing them from wolves.
nope, round here it's pronounced just like it's spelled... and they are NOTHING to mess with, even in small numbers they aren't skeerd of nothin
it will really stand yer hair on end at night when something sets them off
An Ottawa study found that they are descended only from the wolves in that province, where there is a large national park surrounded by city.
Coyotes spread into the areas where wolves were searching for mates. The hybrid offspring had a wider diet, reduced food needs, more help for hunting and greater tolerance for the suburbia.
They’ve spread from there throughout the northeast, like Chicago.
Hopefully, a pack of them will eat Mikey Bloomberg.
Around these parts, the animal is called Coydog, been around more than 20 years. Pronunciation of the first syllable is “Coy” as in “being coy.”
Since coywolves continue to mate with dogs and wolves, the argument goes, they are therefore not a species. But, given the way coywolves came into existence, that definition would mean wolves and coyotes should not be considered different species either—and that does not even begin to address whether domestic dogs are a species, or just an aberrant form of wolf.
From what I hear, the wolves have become a problem unto themselves as well...large packs are decimating elk & deer populations...
Coyotes around here are scrawny varmints...typically only take rabbits, ground squirrels, cats and the occasional small dog.
Absolutely. I’ve known many people who’ve lost beloved dogs and cats to them. Not to mention livestock.
I’m more worried about a deer running out in front of me while driving. They’re everywhere now. Last few days I’ve seen alot of carcasses on the side of the highway.
Nobody reads “White Fang” anymore.
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