Posted on 07/21/2002 2:01:09 PM PDT by JMJ333
“We do,” said John.
“Your Church teaches that he is really present there, yes? That what's there is the man who was God?”
“Yes. The formula is 'Body and blood, soul and divinity.'”
“And you believe that?”
“Yes.”
Isa made as if to say something, but stifled it. John assured him he would not be offended.
Finally, reluctantly, Isa said, “I don't understand.”
"I understand how you feel. It sounds very shocking.”
“No, you don't understand. That's not what I mean. You will take it as an insult, but I don't mean it to be.”
“I promise I won't take it as an insult. But I really want to know what's on your mind.”
“Well then. . . . I don't think you really do believe that. I don't mean to say you're dishonest, but . . . .”
“I think I know what you mean. You can't empathize with anyone who believes something so shocking. You don't see how you could ever get down on your knees before that altar.”
“No, I don't see how I could ever get up. If I believed that thing that looks like a little round piece of bread was really Allah Himself, I think I would just faint. I would fall at His feet like a dead man.”
John looked carefully at my reaction as he reported Isa's words. My eyes opened, and he smiled. “What did you say to him?” I asked.
“Nothing. Then, after a while, just 'Yes.'”
John is a wise man.
CULTURE CLASH
This story got me thinking about the ills of our culture both outside and inside the Church. Every American knows our culture is in crisis. And every Catholic knows that the crisis has infected the Church as well as the world. But what is the root of the disease — Liberalism vs. Conservatism, Newchurch vs. Oldchurch? Yes, but that is only the formal structure of every conflict — new vs. old.
Is it infidelity vs. fidelity, then? “Fidelity” — to the “deposit of faith” — adds both a personal dimension of moral responsibility and a theological dimension of content to “conservatism.” But this is not enough; we must ask what part of the “deposit of faith” is in peril. It seems to be the supernatural. Modernism, the master heresy of the modern era (as Gnosticism was to the ancient era), is essentially the denial of the supernatural: It means reducing God to goodness, Christ to a good man, the Holy Spirit to something like “school spirit,” scripture to man's word about God instead of God's word about man, and divine institutions to human ones. Is that the deepest source of the crisis, then?
No, it goes even deeper. Even the destruction of Modernism would still only be a victory of doctrine. As St. Thomas Aquinas says, the primary object of faith is a reality, not a proposition (though propositions are indispensable). Not the proposition “God exists” but God; not the doctrine of the Resurrection but the reality of the Resurrection; not the creeds about Christ but the real presence of Christ, is the crux and crisis. It is a crisis of Christlessness.
“Real presence” is impossible to conceptualize, for it is not a “what” at all, but the “thereness,” or “hereness,” of the “what”; not essence but existence. It must be shown, not defined. Whenever God shows up in scripture, it is His real presence that makes all the difference. Job's three friends talked about God as if He were absent, but Job talked to Him, however confusedly, for his faith was in God's presence. That faith was rewarded when God appeared to Job but not to his friends and approved Job's speeches, not theirs.
Throughout the Gospels we find Jesus constantly doing just that: showing the difference between mere concepts and real presence. He did it when He proved the Resurrection to the skeptical Sadducees on the basis of the first five books of Moses alone (which was all that they accepted as divine authority), by connecting three names for Himself that God had revealed to Moses: “I AM WHO AM,” “the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,” and “the God not of the dead but of the living.” “For all live to Him,” He concluded (Luke 21:38).
He did it when He berated the Pharisees, with ironic humor, for keeping their noses in their books instead of looking to Him — the book was wholly about Him! (John 5:39-40)
He did it in His parting words to His apostles, when He left them with the only thing powerful enough to transform the world: not comforting words about Him but His real presence: “Lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age.” (Matthew 28:20)
This is what transformed them from confused cowards into saints and martyrs. Instead of being shaken by the world, they would now shake the world. How? What converted the world's longest-lived, successful, and hard-nosed dictatorship — the Roman Empire — into “Christendom”? Not just Christ's theology or teaching, not just Christ's morality or example, but Christ's real presence, in His Body the Church and in His Spirit. And it was meant to continue.
A LONG RETREAT
Why has it stopped? Why are the Christian soldiers no longer marching onward but retreating?
Because we no longer understand this “real presence,” this difference between Christ abstract and Christ concrete; because we no longer understand St. Paul's startling one-word definition of “wisdom,” “righteousness,” “sanctification,” and “redemption” given in I Corinthians: Christ. That is why his decision to “know nothing but Christ Jesus” to those sophisticated Corinthians was not a “know-nothing” anti-intellectualism or a minimalism, but a maximalism.
The crisis of faith in the Church is a crisis of faith in Christ's real presence. The deepest root of the dullness and ineffectiveness of most parishes, laity, clergy, homilies, liturgies, music, catechesis, programs, and all the extra Martha-like activities, is not outright heresy or apostasy but simply remoteness — not, as the “liberals” say, the Church's remoteness from “the people,” but from The Person.
Let's ask ourselves honestly: Why have Evangelical, Fundamentalist, and Pentecostal Protestant sects and denominations been so much more successful throughout the Americas during the past generation? Why would a Catholic, who is in possession of the fullness of the faith, the full gospel, exchange it for a faith that is only partial? It is not primarily because of a disaffection for the things Catholics have and Protestants don't—history, tradition, popes, saints, sacraments, etc. Rather, it is due to an affection for the one thing Catholics have but don't know they have—in fact, the main thing Catholics have: Christ. These Catholics never knew Jesus Christ in the Church, but they did find Christ present in the souls and lives of Protestants.
Do you think I exaggerate? I teach philosophy at Boston College — one of the top Catholic universities in America. Eighty percent of my students are Catholics who have had twelve years of catechism. Yet when I ask them what they would say to God if they died tonight and were asked why they should go to Heaven, only one in 20 even mentions Jesus Christ. (Only one in 20 Evangelicals, Pentecostals, or Fundamentalists would not know that answer.) This is worse than a “problem;” this is an inexcusable scandal, an unmitigated disaster.
Ironically, the Church has a presence these Protestants do not even claim to have: an objective and perfect real presence in the Eucharist, worthy of worship, not just a subjective and imperfect presence in souls. Christ is really, truly, objectively, fully present in the Eucharist — hidden under the appearances of bread and wine — as He was in the streets of Nazareth or on the Cross.
And that's what we're neglecting!
The central problem of the Church today is that most of the generation now becoming adults — the generation educated by CCD texts full of deadly platitudes — simply do not know Jesus Christ. They are not merely unaware of right doctrine about Him (though that's tragically missing too) but of Christ Himself, His real presence. Nothing less than Christ could have Christianized the world, nothing less than Christlessness has de-Christianized it, and nothing less than Christ can re-Christianize it. What happens when Christ's real presence is known? Read the Gospels and find out. The Gospels are not mere historical records; they continue, they happen, for the One they present is not dead and gone and past but alive and here and now.
Where is He present now? In His Church. This means essentially two things. First, He is present in the Church's sacraments, primarily in the Eucharist. Second, He is also present in the Church's members, in the souls and lives of those who have believed in Him. What a tragedy that so many Protestants do not know that first presence! And what an equal tragedy that so many Catholics do not know the second!
What will happen if we also neglect the first? What sound will we hear to replace the great silence of eucharistic adoration? The same sound we hear from the National Council of Churches: the sound of coffins being built, the sound of dead logs falling.
And what will we hear if we rediscover His presence and adore Him? The same sound we hear in the Gospels: the sound of a blazing fire, the rattle of dry bones coming to life, the shouts of joy that ring through scripture and through the great old Protestant hymns.
RETURN TO JOY
How do we get this joy back? Not by any gimmicks or human contrivance, but by recognizing the real presence and responding with adoration. And the primary place of the real presence is the Eucharist.
The primary reason for eucharistic adoration, however, is not the one we have been exploring so far: that it will bring passion and power and joy and life to us, our Church, and our world. Those are only incidentals! The primary reason must be to obey the primary moral rule, which I shall call Right Reality Response (the 3 R's), or (in a single word) Realism. Adore Him because He is adorable, and present. Even if it didn't save the world, the Church, or the soul, it would be the right thing to do, not just because of who we are, but because of who He is.
Right Reality Response is the ultimate basis for all morality. We must be moral because God commands it, of course; but also because it is good, or right; and it is good, or right, because it is true. And it works both ways: Not only do understanding and loving the truth lead to moral obedience, but obedience also leads to understanding the truth. Adoration trains us in the habit of seeing the Absolute as absolute and the relative as relative, instead of vice versa.
For in adoration we focus on Christ the center, and everything else then appears as it truly is: as a ray of light from that sun, the Son of God. We see the world in terms of Christ's coordinates instead of looking at Christ in terms of the world's coordinates. It is the great exercise in realism, since reality is Christocentric. Even this great mental benefit, or “payoff,” must not be our primary motive, however. If we adored the Adorable One for the sake of something else, we would really be worshipping the “something else” as the end and using God as the means. This would reverse the order of reality, treating the End as a means and the means as the end. God has left us clear instructions forbidding this: “Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness, and then all these other things will be added unto you.” He commands us to adore Him for His sake, not for our sake; but He does this for our sake, not for His sake. His glory is to be our concern; our glory is His concern. That is what love is: exchange.
A CONVERSATION
What holds us back, then? What is the objection to eucharistic adoration?
It's not that it's hard or requires any special gifts or education. The only requirements are faith and love.
Perhaps it would be a good exercise for us to get our objections out in front of us by inventing an imaginary objector.
Our objector protests,
“Although it is not hard in itself, it is hard for us, because our faith is weak. It is our nature to live by sight, not by faith.”
True. Our faith is smaller than a mustard seed. But faith is like a muscle. And this is a compelling reason for strengthening our faith by exercising it through adoration.
“How can we exercise a faith we don't already have?”
That's like the question: “How can I read a book entitled How To Read A Book? If I can read already, I don't need to read that book, and if I can't read already, I won't be able to read that book.” We can read a little already, and reading that book will help us to read a lot better. So we have a little faith already, and we can adore a little bit; doing that will help us to have more faith and to adore better.
“Well, it's still hard. It doesn't look or feel like there's anything there but bread. Why couldn't God have come out with some visible miracle to make it easier for us?”
Because He wants to strengthen our faith, and wean us from relying on our senses and our own minds.
“Then why doesn't He give us more interior highs, mystical experiences?”
Because He doesn't want us to rely on our feelings either, but on faith. If we relied on what the saints call “sensible consolations,” we'd get a spiritual sweet tooth.
“Why is that so bad? It would make us happier.”
Because we are happiest when we are most like Him, when our happiness is the most like His and the least like the happiness of animals or addicts.
“But there's such a distance! He is a simple, pure spirit. We are complex and material.”
That is why He gave us a world, and an Incarnation, and a Eucharist. But even in this complex world He trains us to be simple. Our faith grows by getting simpler, not more complex. The saints' faith was simple. Remember St. Thomas's Eucharistic hymn:
Sight, taste, and touch in Thee are each deceived; The ear alone most safely is believed. I believe all the Son of God has spoken; Than Truth's own word there is no truer token. A modern equivalent is: “God said it, I believe it, that settles it!”
“But how can sitting alone in an empty church address the urgent needs of a life and a society in chaos? It's like fiddling while Rome burns.”
Your objection is very common, and very important. And my answer is not very commonly known or believed. Your objection assumes a whole “world-view” that is erroneous. We habitually see reality inside-out and upside-down. We see reality inside-out because we see matter as containing spirit instead of spirit as containing matter. We think of the material universe as the basic containing reality, and spirit as a tiny bit of light surrounded by an enormous quantity of matter, time, and space. But the whole universe is only a little hazelnut in God's hand. That's the vision God showed Lady Julian of Norwich: “He's got the whole world in His hands.” That's the true vision. Saints are not fools; they're realists. We also habitually think of the soul as “in” the body instead of the body in the soul—as if a play were “in” its stage setting instead of the setting being “in” the play, as one of its dimensions.
We see reality upside-down because we think of earth as the foundation and Heaven as far away, “up there” somewhere, so religion becomes a kind of Tower of Babel reaching up. That's upside-down, because the Church has its foundation in Heaven, and the New Jerusalem comes “down out of Heaven as a Bride adorned for her Husband,” according to Revelation. Heaven isn't insubstantial; it's far more substantial than earth. And God is not “watching us from a distance.” Heaven came to earth in Christ.
“But Christ ascended back to Heaven. He is in Heaven now.”
That does not mean He is not here. “Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the age.”
“Is Christ in Heaven or not?”
Christ is not relative to Heaven, Heaven is relative to Christ. So Christ is not in Heaven, Heaven is in Christ, Heaven is wherever Christ is. And Christ is still here, in the Church and especially in the Eucharist. If you want to understand the Church, you have to see her as primarily a Heavenly reality.
“But the Church is a visible, earthly institution.”
It is primarily invisible, primarily Heavenly.
“That sounds Protestant.”
It is Catholic. It is the “mystical Body of Christ.”
“But how does that mean you can help the Church and the world by sitting in a dark building doing nothing?”
You can't. But you can mightily help both by doing something: adoring Christ, who is really present there in the Eucharist.
“But what do you do when you adore?”
You let God do things. He forms our minds and hearts — if we give them to Him.
“That sounds Quietist, or Buddhist.”
Buddhists often understand the superior power of silence over speech, and of contemplation over action, better than Catholics do today. “By serving a cup of green tea, I stopped the war” — I'll bet you don't understand that saying, do you?
“No. It's silly. How can drinking tea stop war?”
By changing souls, which are the sources of war. By touching the root, not the branches.
“What does that have to do with eucharistic adoration?”
There too we touch the root — the root of everything, Christ the Pantocrator. And when we touch this root — the root of all life — with our own root, our heart, we touch our candle to His fire. We touch a power infinitely greater than nuclear power, the sun, or the Big Bang.
“What power is that?”
The Blood and Body of Christ.
“Oh.”
Your responses are getting wiser.
“But we can't just sit around adoring all day.”
Can you do it for one hour?
“There's so much else to do. . . .”
Yes there is, and that's why you can't afford not to give God five loaves and two fishes of your time so that He can multiply it. He really does, you know. Because it's His — time is His gift to us, and it's precious to Him when we give it back to Him. Try it; you'll like it. Everything will fall into place once you acknowledge the Center.
“You said earlier that we shouldn't do it for the sake of its payoffs.”
No, but they will happen anyway, if we do it because it's right.
“Suppose I don't feel a great desire for this form of prayer.”
Then pray for the desire.
“You've got an answer for everything, don't you?”
No, but He does. Unless Philippians 4:19 is a lie. Do you believe it is?
“No. . . .”
Then you believe it's true.
“Yes.”
Then go. Do it.
“I have no more excuses.”
Then I'll see you in church.
The Eucharistic Pesach ceder as prophecy lends itself wonderfully as well to the culimination of Jesus' rabbinic tradition in the sacrifice of himself so that others might live such an example, and hence be saved.
I am not the most devout Catholic in the world but I have found adoration to be a life altering experience. I first began doing it because my parish was not able to find people to do it at 2am. Since I go into work at 3am I didn't have a very good excuse NOT to do it. I hope you will find the time to start attending adoration.
But Peter Kreeft is correct. BC, along with Notre Dame, Fordham, Holy Cross and Providence College are among the nation's top Catholic Colleges. The unfortunate thing is that the colleges are no longer strongly Catholic in the campus life for their students. There are teachers at each college who are trying very hard to keep it real, but the Administrations and many professors weenie out and go for the secular in the belief that they'll be more accepted in the mainstream. And the parents of students going to those colleges do not demand anything different, and are willing to accept the watered down Catholicism on those campuses.
Yes, I look forward to reading his encyclical on the Eucharist.
What needs to happen is a change in seminary training and at Catholic colleges, universities, and high schools in terms of liturgical attitudes and practices. We need a restoration of reverence, solemnity, and dignity at Mass throughout the Church's institutions. Benediction and Perpetual Adoration are good ways to get the ball rolling, so to speak.
I think it depends on what we mean by each word - ("top" - "Catholic" - "university"). If one is speaking in the colloquial, popular-mediocre American-style of prestige discourse, along the lines of U.S. News & World Report or The Princeton Review, the statement might be interpreted as not entirely absurd. If one is trying to get to a more intellectually serious and scholarly "Catholic" point of view, there's plenty of room for debate about what exactly it is that happens at BC or any other of the Jesuit colleges and universities in the U.S.
Talking about any university in the U.S. (Catholic or otherwise) as a "top university" engages one in a certain amount of equivocation, hyberbole, exaggeration, ambiguity, and distortion. They are all influenced by liberalism, political correctness, and various other highly absurd secular ideologies as well as the various philistinisms that contemporary teenagers bring from their parochial Bobo suburban wastelands and which their professors bring from their Gramscian postmodern graduate school safaris. All American universities and colleges suffer from the tyrannical and moronizing influence the NEA and the Demosocialists exercise over mass, secular public education in the U.S. The subcultures of the high schools influence what happens in the colleges.
Talking about BC as a "top Catholic university" does not escape from all of these modern American phenomena. It is a purely a comparative proposition limited by the banalities of the existing academic subcultures. As if having a lot of profs. with Harvard and Yale grad degrees is really some sort of prize. [irony alert] It's comparable to Georgetown and Notre Dame, yes. What that means in terms of authentic "Catholicism," well... At least Mary Daly is no longer actively haunting the hallways.
The quotations below are taken from Divine Mercy in My Soul: The Diary of Blessed Sr. M. Faustina Kowalska (Stockbridge, MA: Marian Press, 1987). [Bl. Sr. Faustina was pronounced a universal Saint of the Church by Pope John Paul II on April 30, 2000.]
(1) Jesus living and waiting daily in the Tabernacle is being forgotten and abandoned by the vast majority of humanity, including Christians, for whom He has come.
Jesus said to Sr. Faustina: "My Heart overflows with great mercy for souls, and especially poor sinners… For whom I dwell in the tabernacle as King of Mercy. I desire to bestow My graces upon souls, but they do not want to accept them. Oh, how indifferent are souls to so much goodness, to so many proofs of love! My Heart drinks only of the ingratitude and forgetfulness of souls living in the world. They have time for everything, but they have no time to come to Me for graces." (paragraph 367) "See, I have left My heavenly throne to become united with you [souls]." (paragraph 1810) "In return for My blessings, I get ingratitude. In return for My love, I get forgetfulness and indifference. My Heart cannot bear this." (1537)
Prayer after each sorrow: O Sacrament most holy, O Sacrament divine, all praise and all thanksgiving, be every moment Thine!
(2) Jesus in the Holy Eucharist is being received in a great hurry, indifference and tepidity of heart by countless souls.
The Lord said: "But I want to tell you that eternal life must begin already here on earth through Holy Communion. Each Holy Communion makes you more capable of communing with God throughout eternity." (1811) "It pains Me very much when religious souls receive the Sacrament of love merely out of habit, as if they did not distinguish this food. I find neither faith nor love in their hearts. I go to such souls with great reluctance. It would be better if they did not receive Me." (1288) "Know, My daughter, that you caused Me more sorrow by not uniting yourself with Me in Holy Communion than you did by that small transgression." (612)
(3) Jesus is painfully wounded by our ingratitude and infidelity.
Jesus told Sr. Faustina: "Ingratitude in return for so many graces is My Heart's constant food… Their love is lukewarm, and My Heart cannot hear it; these souls force Me to reject them… This distrust of My goodness hurts Me very much… They use My graces to offend Me." (580) "The infidelity of a soul specially chosen by Me wounds My Heart most painfully. Such infidelities are swords which pierce My Heart." (367) However, "I commune with your soul in such an intimate manner because you do not steal My gifts, and this is why I pour all these graces upon your soul… You will not hoard them for yourself." (1069)
(4) The real presence of Jesus in the Holy Eucharist is being explained away rationally by both non-Christians and Christians. In a recent poll, only about 30% of the Catholics in North America believe in the real presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist.
Jesus moaned: "Oh, how painful it is to Me that souls seldom unite themselves to Me in Holy Communion. I wait for souls, and they are indifferent toward Me. I love them tenderly and sincerely, and they distrust Me. I want to lavish My graces on them, and they do not want to accept them. They treat Me as a dead object, whereas My Heart is full of love and mercy." (1447) "Oh, how sad I am that souls do not recognize Love! They treat Me as a dead object." (1385)
(5) Jesus in the Holy Eucharist is being received in venial and mortal sins by many chosen souls.
Jesus said, "I am more deeply wounded by the small imperfections of chosen souls than by the sins of those living in the world." (580) "The great sins of the world are superficial wounds on My Heart, but the sins of a chosen soul pierce My Heart through and through." (1702) "My daughter, I want to repose in your heart, because many souls have thrown Me out of their hearts today. I have experienced sorrow unto death." (886) "My daughter, know without doubt, and once and for all, that only mortal sin drives Me out of a soul, and nothing else." (1181) "I [Sr. Faustina] felt within my soul, a great disgust for sin." (866)
(6) Jesus is unspeakably mistreated by us.
"Souls without love and without devotion, souls full of egoism and self-love, souls full of pride and arrogance, souls full of deceit and hypocrisy… There is neither penance nor atonement. O heart, which received Me in the morning and at noon are all ablaze with hatred against Me, hatred of all sorts! O heart… chosen by Me, were you chosen for this, to give Me more pain?" (1702) "Jesus gave me to know in detail the gravity of the malice of these ungrateful souls: You see, this is a torture greater than My death." (445)
(7) Eucharistic Jesus sees priceless souls perishing in sins and into Hell.
"There are souls who despise My graces as well as all the proofs of My love. They do not wish to hear My call, but proceed into the abyss of hell. The loss of these souls plunges Me into deadly sorrow. God though I am, I cannot help such a soul because it scorns Me; having a free will, it can spurn Me or love Me. You, who are the dispenser of My mercy, tell all the world about My good, and thus you will comfort My Heart." (580) "Oh, if sinners knew My mercy, they would not perish in such great numbers. Tell sinful souls not to be afraid to approach Me; speak to them of My great mercy." (1396) "The loss of each soul plunges Me into mortal sadness… The prayer most pleasing to Me is prayer for the conversion for sinners." (1397) "I want adoration to take place… for the intention of imploring mercy for the world." (1070)
Gaze on, dear Angel, heavenward flown,
Gaze, while our King ascends on high;
But I, to seek His altar throne,
Down to the distant earth will fly.
Veiled in His Eucharist I see
The Almighty Lord, the Undefiled,
The Master of all things that be,
More tiny than the humblest child.
Here will I dwell in this blest place,
The sanctuary of my King;
And here, before His veiled Face,
My hymns of ardent love will sing.
Here, to my heaven strung angel lyre,
My praise I'll chant, by night, by day,
To Him, the Feast for saint's desire,
To Him, the sinner's Hope and Stay.
Would that by miracle, I too
Could feed upon this heavenly Bread;
Could taste that Blood forever new,
That Blood which was for all men shed!
At least, with some pure longing soul,
I'll share my fires of love divine,
That so, all fearless, glad and whole,
It may approach its Lord and mine.
JFK Catholics?
You got it! Massachusetts (and the entire Northeast, it seems) is LOUSY with them!
Fresh from the waters and resplendent in these garments, God’s holy people hasten to the altar of Christ, saying: I will go in to the altar of God, to God who give joy to my youth. They have sloughed off the old skin of error, their youth renewed like an eagle’s, and they make haste to approach that heavenly banquet. They come and, seeing the sacred altar prepared, cry out: You have prepared a table in my sight. David puts these words into their mouths; The Lord is my shepherd and nothing will be lacking to me. He has set me down there in a place of pasture. He has brought me beside refreshing water. Further on, we read; For though I should walk in the midst of the shadow of death, I shall not be afraid of evils, for you are with me. Your rod and your staff have given me comfort. You have prepared in my sight a table against those who afflict me. You have made my head rich in oil, and your cup, which exhilarates, how excellent it is.
It is wonderful that God rained manna on our fathers and they were fed with daily food from heaven. And so it is written; Man ate the bread of angels. Yet those who ate that bread all died in the desert. But the food that you receive, that living bread which came down from heaven, supplies the very substance of eternal life, and whoever will eat it will never die, for it is the body of Christ.
Consider now which is the more excellent; the bread of angels or the flesh of Christ, which is indeed the body that gives life. The first was manna from heaven, the second is above the heavens. One was of heaven, the other is of the Lord of the heavens; one subject to corruption if it was kept till the morrow, the other free from all corruption, for if anyone tastes of it with reverence he will be incapable of corruption. For our fathers, water flowed from the rock; for you, blood flows from Christ. Water satisfied their thirst for a time; blood cleanses you for ever. The Jew drinks and still thirsts, but when you drink you will be incapable of thirst. What happened in symbol is now fulfilled in reality.
If what you marvel at is a shadow, how great is the reality whose very shadow you marvel at. Listen to this, which shows that what happened in the time of our fathers was but a shadow. They drank, it is written, from the rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ. All this took place as a symbol for us. You know now what is more excellent; light is preferable to its shadow, reality to symbol, the body of the Giver to the manna he gave from heaven.
(4) The real presence of Jesus in the Holy Eucharist is being explained away rationally by both non-Christians and Christians. In a recent poll, only about 30% of the Catholics in North America believe in the real presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist.
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