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What was the Feast the Jews were observing when Jesus was crucified ?

Thursday is really the only day that works for the crucifixion. The Lord rode into Jerusalem on Sunday and allowed Himself to be hailed as Israel’s King for the first and only time in His ministry. This fulfilled the Passover prophecy that the Lamb had to be selected on the 10th day of the month and then had to be minutely inspected for 3 days (Monday the 11th, Tuesday the 12th and Wednesday the 13th) until the 14th. (Exodus 12:3-6)

He was crucified on Thursday, which was Passover, the day the lamb had to be sacrificed. It was also called Preparation day because it was the day before the feast of Unleavened Bread began when no work could be done. This is the special Sabbath that John referred to in John 19:31. It began on the 15th which was Friday that year.

The next day was Saturday, the weekly Sabbath on which no work could be done. Finally, the women came to the tomb at sunrise on Sunday, the first day on which they could do the work of attending to His body. (Matt. 28:1)It was the Feast of First Fruits, the day after the first Sabbath after Passover. (Lev. 23:9-11)

If He had been crucified on Wednesday there wouldn’t have been time to meet the 3-day inspection rule and if the special Sabbath was on Thursday the women could have come on Friday to anoint the body.

He died on Thursday, day one, then Friday was night one and day two, Saturday was night 2 and day three, Sunday was night 3 and He was out of the tomb before sunrise when the women got there.

Here's a bit more...

25 Kislev 3756 - Chanukah / Conception of Yeshua

15 Tishri 3757 - Sukkot / Birth of Yeshua September 14, -4

15 Nisan 3790 - (30 C.E.) Pesach / Crucifixion of Yeshua

Go to the website Your Sky and generate the view from Jerusalem for Passover 30 C.E. The full moon passes right through Virgo (Betulah in Hebrew) literally a birth of the new covenant.

Calendar converter
http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/

Your Sky
http://www.fourmilab.ch/yoursky/

Also the star of Bethlehem is recorded in the prophets, seek and yea shall find, or not.